Emerging Adults’ Psychopathology in Seven Countries: The Impact of Identity-Related Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Persike ◽  
Inge Seiffge-Krenke ◽  
Figen Cok ◽  
Karolina Głogowska ◽  
Vassilis Pavlopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Internalizing Symptomatology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

The impact of identity-related risk factors on psychopathology was analyzed in 2,113 emerging adults ( M = 22.0 years; 66% female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland. Identity stress, coping with identity stress, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, and anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing, and total symptomatology) were assessed. After partialing out the influence of stress, coping, and perceived maternal behavior, country did no longer exert a significant effect on symptom scores. The effect for gender remained, as did an interaction between country and gender. Rather unexpected, on average, males reported higher internalizing symptomatology scores than females. Potential causes for the higher scores of males are therefore discussed. Partialing out covariates resulted in a clearer picture of country-specific and gender-dependent effects on psychopathology, which is helpful in designing interventions.

scholarly journals 29.E. Workshop: Data analysis, advocacy activities, and actions to counteract the double burden of malnutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) represents a public health issue of gigantic proportion at global level. Among others, diet has been demonstrated to be a key element to maintain health and prevent NCDs. Today's world is facing the so-called “double burden of malnutrition”, characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition along with overweight, obesity or diet-related NCDs due to a substantial shift toward unhealthy diet high in sugars and ultra-processed foods and concomitant inadequate accessibility of nutritious foods. While interventions to improve diet quality and nutrition knowledge are of paramount importance in order to decrease the burden of NCDs over the next decades, the international policy framework should aim to develop evidence-based policy approaches to reduce such burden globally. In this context, the EUPHA Food and nutrition section, the EUPHA Chronic diseases section, the EUPHA Health promotion section, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), aim to propose a joint workshop to provide the latest updates from leading scientists and experts involved in global health research, with a special focus on NCDs, obesity and nutrition-related risk factors as well as ongoing interventions aimed to reduce the double burden of malnutrition. The objectives of the present workshop are the following: To quantify the global burden and temporal trends of NCDs risk factors; To assess the impact of nutrition-related risk factors on NCDs; To provide examples of advocacy activities and actions at global level to improve nutrition education and dietary behaviors; To promote translatable information at global level and drive implementation of knowledge into policy and practice. Organizing the present workshop would provide an important occasion for gathering experts in the field and sharing opinions with the audience in light of the presented results. Given the many actors involved, the workshop will provide a unique occasion to discuss about potential policy approaches in the context of the conference. Key messages There is science-based evidence demonstrating that healthy nutrition is a key factor to maintain global health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. Governmental and non-governmental efforts are currently working to counteract malnutrition worldwide.

scholarly journals Impact of disease activity on impaired glucose metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorica G. Ristić ◽  
Vesna Subota ◽  
Dejana Stanisavljević ◽  
Danilo Vojvodić ◽  
Arsen D. Ristić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective To explore glucose metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its association with insulin resistance (IR) risk factors and disease activity indicators, including matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3). Methods This single-center study included 127 non-diabetic subjects: 90 RA patients and 37 matched controls. IR-related risk factors, disease activity (DAS28-ESR/CRP), concentrations of inflammation markers, MMP3, glucose, specific insulin, and C-peptide (a marker of β-cell secretion) were determined. Homeostasis Model Assessment was used to establish insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and sensitivity (HOMA2-%S). Associations of HOMA2 indices with IR-related risk factors, inflammation markers, and RA activity were tested using multiple regression analyses. Results RA patients had significantly increased HOMA2-IR index than controls. In the RA group, multivariate analysis revealed DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, tender joint counts, patient’s global assessment, and MMP3 level as significant positive predictors for HOMA2-IR (β = 0.206, P = 0.014; β = 0.192, P = 0.009; β = 0.121, P = 0.005; β = 0.148, P = 0.007; β = 0.075, P = 0.025, respectively), and reciprocal negative for HOMA2-%S index. According to the value of the coefficient of determination (R2), DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 has the largest proportion of variation in both HOMA2-IR indices. DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 and ESR were independent predictors for increased C-peptide concentration (β = 0.090, P = 0.022; β = 0.133, P = 0.022). Despite comparability regarding all IR-related risk factors, patients with DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 had higher HOMA2-IR than controls [1.7 (1.2–2.5) vs. 1.2 (0.8–1.4), P = 0.000]. There was no difference between patients with DAS28-ESR < 5.1 and controls [1.3 (0.9–1.9) vs. 1.2 (0.8–1.4), P = 0.375]. Conclusions RA activity is an independent risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism. DAS28-ESR ≥ 5.1 was the main contributor to this metabolic disturbance, followed by MMP3 concentration, outweighing the impact of classic IR-related risk factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Air Pollution (PM2.5) on Atherogenesis in Modernizing Southern versus Northern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
Kamsang Woo ◽  
Changqing Lin ◽  
Yuehui Yin ◽  
Dongshuang Guo ◽  
Ping Chook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Northern Chinese ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the impact of PM2.5 air pollution on atherogenic processes in modernizing Southern versus Northern China, we studied 1323 asymptomatic Chinese in Southern and Northern China in 1996–2007. PM2.5 exposure and metabolic syndrome (MS) were noted. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (endothelial function FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured by ultrasound. Although age and gender were similar, PM2.5 was higher in Northern China than in Southern China. The Northern Chinese were characterized by lower lipids, folate and vitamin B12, but higher age, blood pressures, MS and homocysteine (HC) (p = 0.0015). Brachial FMD was significantly lower and carotid IMT was significantly greater (0.68±0.13) in Northern Chinese, compared with FMD and IMT (0.57 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001) in Southern Chinese. On multivariate regression, for the overall cohort, carotid IMT was significantly related to PM2.5, independent of location and traditional risk factors (Model R2 = 0.352, F = 27.1, p < 0.0001), while FMD was inversely related to gender, age, and northern location, but not to PM2.5. In Southern Chinese, brachial FMD was inversely correlated to PM2.5, independent of age, whereas carotid IMT was significantly related to PM2.5, independent of age and gender. In Northern Chinese, brachial FMD was inversely related to gender only, but not to PM2.5, while carotid IMT was related to traditional risk factors. Despite a higher PM2.5 pollution in Northern China, PM2.5 pollution was more significantly associated with atherogenic surrogates in Southern compared to Northern Chinese. This has potential implications for atherosclerosis prevention.

scholarly journals Patient perspectives on priorities for research on conventional and sex- and gender-related cardiovascular risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
R. Bolijn ◽  
I. Schalkers ◽  
H. L. Tan ◽  
A. E. Kunst ◽  
I. G. M. van Valkengoed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research

Abstract Background Recently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) research has focused on sex- and gender-related cardiovascular risk factors, in addition to conventional risk factors. This raises the question which factors are perceived by the target group (patients with CVD) as priorities for further research. Methods We carried out a survey to study priority setting for more research into conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors according to 980 men and women with CVD or those at increased risk of CVD in the Netherlands. Data on conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors were descriptively analysed, stratified by gender group. Results The most frequently prioritised conventional factors according to men were heritability, overweight and unhealthy diet, while women most frequently listed stress, heritability and hypertension. The most frequently prioritised sex- and gender-related risk factors were depression or depressive feelings, migraine and having many caretaking responsibilities (men), and pregnancy complications, contraceptive pill use and early age at menopause (women). New research on sex- and gender-related risk factors was perceived roughly as relevant as that on conventional factors by men (mean 7.4 and 8.3 on a 1–10 scale, respectively) and women (8.2 and 8.6, respectively). Ethnic and gender minority groups placed more emphasis on risk factors related to sociocultural aspects (gender) than the majority group. Conclusion Men and women with CVD or those at increased risk of CVD perceived new research on conventional and sex- and gender-related risk factors as a priority. These findings may guide researchers and funders in further prioritising new CVD research.

scholarly journals CArdiovascular Risk Awareness of ItaliaN WOMEN The A.R.C.A. (Associazioni Regionali Cardiologi Ambulatoriali) CARIN WOMEN survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Adele Lillo ◽  
Ettore Antoncecchi ◽  
Valeria Antoncecchi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Sex and gender differences change biology and pathophysiology. Up to now there has been no attention to this problem and the results of scientific research conducted mainly in men were inappropriately shifted to the female sex. The female “umbrella-hormone” bias has come to minimize the impact of risk factors and cardiovascular disease which instead are the leading cause of death in women in developed countries. To take stock of female awareness in Italy and identify methods and topics of intervention, ARCA (Associazioni Regionali Cardiology Ambulatoriali), with the collaboration of GISeG (Gruppo Italiano Salute e Genere), conducted a survey enrolling 2,856 women, mainly interviewed in cardiological outpatient clinics. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 53.8 ± 13.4 years, school attendance was generally low for a European country (with 53% of senior high school diploma or degree). Forty percent of respondents were single. Awareness of traditional risk factors was high, slightly less for diabetes mellitus (81%). The presence of cardiovascular events was strongly correlated with age and the number of conventional risk factors. Lifestyle change seemed to be difficult for a large percentage of women, mainly the eating habits (45%). Ninety one percent declared to need more information about the CVR and over 80% would like the family doctor to provide it. In conclusion, women’s awareness of their cardiovascular risk is still not optimal and the interviewees believe that they need to be primarily informed by their family doctor.

Traumatic Stress and Its Risk Factors Among Peripheral Victims of the M/S Estonia Disaster

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Lindeman ◽  
Salli Saari ◽  
Markku Verkasalo ◽  
Helena Prytz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
World View ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

This study explores short- and long-term traumatic stress and the related risk factors among peripheral victims of the M/S Estonia disaster. The participants, characterized as fourth- and sixth-level victims, were 135 crew members (50 males and 85 females) of one of the Finnish ferries that took part in the rescue operation. The participants retrospectively filled in a wide-ranging questionnaire including items for 44 stress symptoms 1 week, 1 month, and 8 months after the disaster. A factor analysis produced three orthogonal symptom types: general traumatic stress symptoms, fear, and somatic symptoms. In addition, behavioural changes, changes in world view, and the impact of several risk factors (e.g., past traumas, avoidance behavior, appraisal of symptoms, social support) were analyzed. The results indicated that fourth- and sixth-level disaster victims suffer from traumatic stress at least as much as third-level victims (professional helpers), that women experience more psychological problems than men, and that different symptom types progress in different ways and stem from different risk factors.

Behavioral and medical mechanisms that link diabetes to disability depend on the intersection of place and gender (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Maryam Moghani Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Men Health ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Country Specific

BACKGROUND The mechanisms that link diabetes to disability may vary across populations. OBJECTIVE This study investigated gender by place differences in the behavioral and medical mechanisms behind the link between diabetes (DM) and disability in eight countries. METHODS We borrowed data from Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE). This analysis included adults from eight countries including Barbados, Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Uruguay. Diabetes was the independent variable, disability (activities of daily living) was the dependent variable, socioeconomics, obesity, health behaviors, and comorbidities were covariates, and gender was the moderator. We used country by gender specific- logistic regressions to test the effect of DM on disability after adjusting for socioeconomics (Model 1), socioeconomics, health behaviors, and obesity (Model 2), and socioeconomics, obesity, health behaviors, and medical comorbid conditions (Model 3). RESULTS Gender by country specific patterns of association between DM and disability were observed in Puerto Rico, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Cuba. In Puerto Rico, in men, DM – ADL could be explained by health behaviors and obesity, for women, however, the impact of DM on ADL was above all confounders for women. In Mexico, for men, DM was not associated with disability, however, for women, there was a link which could be explained by health behaviors and obesity. In Brazil, for men, DM – ADL limitation link could be fully explained by health behaviors and obesity, for women, however, DM was not associated with ADL at all. In Chile, for men, DM was not associated with ADL limitation, for women, however, there was an association between DM and ADL limitation which could not be explained by health behaviors, obesity, or comorbid medical conditions. In Cuba, for men, health behaviors and obesity fully mediated the effect of DM on ADL, for women, however, this link was mediated by comorbid medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS Gender by place differences exist in the link between DM and disability, as well as behavioral and medical mechanisms behind such link. These findings advocate for the intersectionality approach in studying burden of illnesses such as DM.

CONSTRUCTION STAKEHOLDERS’ PERSPECTIVE ON EXTERNAL RELATED RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PERFORMANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Abdarahim Salem ◽  
Eric Simpeh ◽  
Julius Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
South African ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
The South ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Impact

The construction industry is extremely complex, with dynamic project environments creating an atmosphere of high uncertainty and risk. For that reason, risks in construction project have become an inevitable feature and the industry is susceptible to numerous business, socio-political and technical risks that negatively influence project delivery. This study therefore investigates the causes of external risks factors in construction project delivery and the effect on project and organisational performance so that efficient control measures can be designed to minimise its occurrence. A quantitative research design was adopted, and the sample comprised of randomly selected construction professionals in the Western Cape Province. The data was statistically analysed using descriptive and inferential analyses. The salient findings revealed that socio-political-related risk factors were the major causes of risks during construction project delivery, these factors include labour strikes and disputes due to union issues, excessive influence by government on court proceedings regarding construction project disputes, and constraints on the availability and employment of expatriate staff. In addition, the study revealed the impact of external related risks on projects and organisational performance, and it was found that cost overrun was ranked the most significant on project performance and disputes between parties to the contract was ranked the most significant on organisational performance. In the context of the South African construction industry, previous studies tended to focus more on internal risks as opposed to external risks. Therefore, this study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge on the subject within a previously unexplored context. The study provides insights with regard to the sources of external related risks associated with construction project within the context of the South African construction industry.

Sexuality and Mental Health in Emerging Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 452-470
Author(s):  
Anne J Maheux ◽  
Sophia Choukas-Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Hookup Culture ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Sexual experience is considered an important developmental milestone for emerging adults. Whereas some sexual experiences incur benefits, others are associated with negative mental health outcomes. This chapter first describes the cultural context in which emerging adults experience their sexuality, including sexualized media, sexual scripts, hookup culture, and technology, and the impact of these contextual forces on emerging adults’ psychological well-being. The mental health effects of sexual behaviors are also discussed as they relate to various relational contexts, including committed romantic relationships, casual “hookups,” and ongoing casual relationships (e.g., “friends with benefits”), with an emphasis on the disproportionate negative outcomes for women and the limited empirical research on the impact of these experiences on racial and sexual minority individuals. The chapter further discusses the mental health outcomes affecting emerging adults with sexual and gender minority identities. The chapter concludes with important directions for future work, including longitudinal studies and greater attention to intersectionality.

scholarly journals How to improve the assessment of the impact of occupational diseases at a national level? The Netherlands as an example

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk F van der Molen ◽  
Carel TJ Hulshof ◽  
P Paul FM Kuijer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
National Level ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of occupational diseases (ODs) through estimations of population attributable fractions (PAFs) in a national context.MethodsPAFs were calculated for eight prevalent ODs using existing data on the prevalence of exposure to risk factors at work and the strength of their association with diseases based on systematic reviews. Six systematic reviews with meta-analyses and two overview papers were selected. All addressed the relationship between occupational exposure to work-related risk factors for these eight prevalent ODs. Prevalence figures for exposure to work-related risk factors were retrieved from the Dutch National Working Conditions Survey (NWCS) based on self-reports by approximately 40 000 workers. The specific risk factors retrieved from the reviews were matched with the available and dichotomised self-reported exposure items from the NWCS by two authors.ResultsThe eight frequently reported ODs among the Dutch working population revealed PAFs varying between 3% and 25%. Lateral epicondylitis and distress/burnout had the highest attributable fractions, with percentages of 25% and 18%, respectively. For knee osteoarthritis (13%), shoulder soft tissue disorders (10%) and non-specific low back pain (10%) approximately 1 in 10 cases were attributable to work. PAFs for irritant contact dermatitis, noise-induced hearing loss and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 15%, 6% and 3%, respectively.ConclusionData from systematic reviews and self-reported data on exposure provide opportunities to estimate the impact of ODs. For the Netherlands, they revealed substantial and varying attributions of work for prevalent diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document