Behavioral and medical mechanisms that link diabetes to disability depend on the intersection of place and gender (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Maryam Moghani Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Men Health ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Country Specific

BACKGROUND The mechanisms that link diabetes to disability may vary across populations. OBJECTIVE This study investigated gender by place differences in the behavioral and medical mechanisms behind the link between diabetes (DM) and disability in eight countries. METHODS We borrowed data from Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE). This analysis included adults from eight countries including Barbados, Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Uruguay. Diabetes was the independent variable, disability (activities of daily living) was the dependent variable, socioeconomics, obesity, health behaviors, and comorbidities were covariates, and gender was the moderator. We used country by gender specific- logistic regressions to test the effect of DM on disability after adjusting for socioeconomics (Model 1), socioeconomics, health behaviors, and obesity (Model 2), and socioeconomics, obesity, health behaviors, and medical comorbid conditions (Model 3). RESULTS Gender by country specific patterns of association between DM and disability were observed in Puerto Rico, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Cuba. In Puerto Rico, in men, DM – ADL could be explained by health behaviors and obesity, for women, however, the impact of DM on ADL was above all confounders for women. In Mexico, for men, DM was not associated with disability, however, for women, there was a link which could be explained by health behaviors and obesity. In Brazil, for men, DM – ADL limitation link could be fully explained by health behaviors and obesity, for women, however, DM was not associated with ADL at all. In Chile, for men, DM was not associated with ADL limitation, for women, however, there was an association between DM and ADL limitation which could not be explained by health behaviors, obesity, or comorbid medical conditions. In Cuba, for men, health behaviors and obesity fully mediated the effect of DM on ADL, for women, however, this link was mediated by comorbid medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS Gender by place differences exist in the link between DM and disability, as well as behavioral and medical mechanisms behind such link. These findings advocate for the intersectionality approach in studying burden of illnesses such as DM.

Betrayal Trauma and Gender: An Examination of the Victim–Offender Overlap

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Betrayal Trauma ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Gender Specific

Empirical research has demonstrated widespread support for the association between violent victimization and offending, or the “victim–offender overlap.” This study adds to this body of research by applying the betrayal trauma framework to investigate whether the relationship between the victim and perpetrator impacts the presence of the victim–offender overlap and whether these effects differ across gender. Specifically, this study utilizes a series of binary logistic regressions to investigate (a) whether violent victimization is associated with violent offending, (b) whether this relationship varies by victim–perpetrator relationship (familial vs. nonfamilial vs. both), and (c) whether the impact of this relationship varies across gender. Data come from the third and most recent wave of the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV III; n = 1,949). Results indicate that violent victimization is associated with violent offending. When disaggregated by perpetrator-type, the results show that experiencing familial-only perpetrated violence and experiencing both familial and nonfamilial perpetrated violence are significantly associated with violent offending while experiencing nonfamilial-only perpetrated violence is not significantly associated with violent offending. Furthermore, the results indicate that the effects of the perpetrator–victim relationship vary across gender, such that the impacts of familial- and nonfamilial-only perpetrated violence were significantly weaker for males compared with females. The effects of experiencing violent victimization from both familial and nonfamilial perpetrators does not vary across genders. These findings lend support to a gender-specific betrayal trauma framework as well as research on the effects of cumulative victimization. Directions for future research and clinical implications are identified.

Bargaining over Remittances in Tajik Extended Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-250
Author(s):  
Sabiha Yeasmin Rosy ◽  
Fatemeh Nejati
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Transnational Families ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract This study investigates the impact of male labor migration upon wives living among their husbands’ extended families in Tajikistan. It studies the risks and choices available to such wives in bargaining for remittances, with a particular focus on the risks that daughters-in-law (kelin in Tajik) undertake when negotiating remittances with their mothers-in-law. This paper explores age and gender-specific norms in Tajik transnational families and their minimal opportunities for kelins to bargain and negotiate the risks associated with making “claims” on remittances by using Deniz Kandiyoti’s “patriarchal bargain” and Bina Agarwal’s household bargain framework, as well as extensive fieldwork conducted in Tajikistan. The study concludes that international migration and remittances have had a complex impact on gender norms in Tajikistan, with emerging new forms of passive negotiation by kelins unlikely to undermine patriarchal gender norms in their favor.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Gender-Specific Behaviors in the Digital Educational Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (24) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Jeļena Badjanova ◽  
Dzintra Iliško ◽  
Svetlana Ignatjeva ◽  
Margarita Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

During the social distancing, an increasing number of people use communication applications, various types of digital tools and programs. Various video conferencing platforms are regularly used in the educational environment. The study presents the analyses how intensive is the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the educational environment and how it can change cognitive-behavioral gender differences. This is particularly important to pay a special attention to the analysis of gender as a dynamic category, to take into account the processes of gender socialization and transformation of gender identification in the changing social environment. The research methods also included a set of additional methods, such as a focus group on different aspects of gender-specific behavior in the digital learning environment, putting together collages, as well as the method of the unfinished sentence related to the impact of ICT on teachers' professional development and well-being. In the course of the study, it was recognised that the design of social models of male and female gender-specific behaviour includes more than the basic gender identity and gender stability: in today's society, there is a multiplicity of views on the similarities and differences of gender-specific behaviours, and a rapid change in the accepted social guidelines and behavioural patterns is in progress, socio-cultural norms that define the psychological characteristics of women and men, their patterns of behaviour.

scholarly journals The Output Gap and Youth Unemployment: An Analysis Based on Okun’s Law

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Janina Seputiene
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
Equilibrium Unemployment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Okun's Law ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Potential Level

The impact of economic fluctuations on the total unemployment rate is widely studied, however, with respect to age- and gender-specific unemployment, this relationship is not so well examined. We apply the gap version of Okun’s law, aiming to estimate youth unemployment rate sensitivity to output deviations from its potential level. Additionally, we aim to compare whether men or women have a higher equilibrium unemployment rate when output is at the potential level. Contrary to most studies on age- and gender-specific Okun’s coefficients, which assume that the effect of output on unemployment is homogenous, we allow a different effect to occur, depending on the output gap’s sign (positive/negative). The focus of the analysis is on 28 EU countries over the period of 2000–2018. The model is estimated by least squares dummy variable estimator (LSDV), using Prais–Winsten standard errors. We did not find evidence that higher equilibrium unemployment rates are more typical for men or for women. The estimates clearly show the equilibrium level of youth unemployment to be well above that of total unemployment, and this conclusion holds for both genders. We assess greater youth unemployment sensitivity to negative output shock, rather than to positive output shock, but when we take confidence intervals into consideration, this conclusion becomes less obvious.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Community Built Environment on the Walking Times of Residents in a Community in the Downtown Area of Fuzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Lizhen Zhao ◽  
Zhenjiang Shen ◽  
Yanji Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Walking Time

By means of on-site and network investigation, we collected data relevant to residents of communities, point of interest (POI) data, and land-use data of Fuzhou. We set traffic walking time and leisure walking time as an independent variable, built environment as dependent variable, and gender, age, education level and income level as control variables. Six linear regression models were established using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results showed that in the 5D (i.e., Density, Diversity, Design, Destination and Distance) elements of the built environment, the density was negatively correlated with the traffic walking time, whereas other elements were positively correlated with the walking time, but the degree of influence was different.

scholarly journals Gender-specific aspects of epidemiology, molecular genetics and outcome: lung cancer

ESMO Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. e000796
Author(s):  
Nuria Mederos ◽  
Alex Friedlaender ◽  
Solange Peters ◽  
Alfredo Addeo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in women and men. In incidence, lung cancer ranks second, surpassed by breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. However, the historical differences in mortality and incidence rate between both sexes have changed in the last years. In the last decades, we have also witnessed an increased number of lung cancer in female never-smokers. These disparities have grown our interest in studying the impact of the gender and sex in the presentation of lung cancer. The aetiology is yet to be fully elucidated, but the data are clear so far: there is a growing divide between lung cancer presentation in women and men that will change our management and study of lung cancer. This article aims to review the sex and gender differences in lung cancer.

Acceptance of wearable fitness devices in developing countries: exploring the country and gender-specific differences

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Pandey ◽  
Deepak Chawla ◽  
Sandeep Puri ◽  
Luz Suplico Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Purpose Notwithstanding the novelty and importance of wearable fitness devices, few studies have focussed on comparing the drivers of adoption and usage of wearable fitness in the context of developing countries. This study aims to explore factors that drive overall acceptance of wearable fitness devices in developing countries (India and the Philippines) and whether the impact of these factors on the intention to adopt (INT) differs by country and gender. Design/methodology/approach The study extends the existing body of knowledge by developing a model that integrates the impact of various perceived benefits (health, autonomy, social, hedonic, symbolic), health self-efficacy (HEALTHSE) and individual characteristics (technological innovativeness [TI]) on the INT wearable fitness devices and the moderating impact of country and gender. The analysis was carried out using partial least square and data of 343 respondents. Findings This study finds that the INT wearable fitness devices by consumers in developing countries are positively impacted by hedonic, health and autonomy, HEALTHSE and TI. Symbolic and social factors do not have any significant impact on the overall INT wearable fitness devices. However, there are country and gender-specific differences that are consequential to the development of marketing strategies. Research limitations/implications The framework and results are specific to the two countries and limited by convenience sampling. Future research can focus on replication across different countries and extend the model with additional contextual factors such as perceived risks. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the authors, this is one of the few studies to examine and compare the drivers of adoption of wearable fitness devices in lesser researched developing countries. Also, it is one of the few studies to compare the moderating impact of country and gender in the context of the INT wearable devices. The study provides a theoretical and methodological foundation for future research, as well as practical implications for global companies developing and promoting wearable fitness devices.

Emerging Adults’ Psychopathology in Seven Countries: The Impact of Identity-Related Risk Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Persike ◽  
Inge Seiffge-Krenke ◽  
Figen Cok ◽  
Karolina Głogowska ◽  
Vassilis Pavlopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Internalizing Symptomatology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

The impact of identity-related risk factors on psychopathology was analyzed in 2,113 emerging adults ( M = 22.0 years; 66% female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland. Identity stress, coping with identity stress, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, and anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing, and total symptomatology) were assessed. After partialing out the influence of stress, coping, and perceived maternal behavior, country did no longer exert a significant effect on symptom scores. The effect for gender remained, as did an interaction between country and gender. Rather unexpected, on average, males reported higher internalizing symptomatology scores than females. Potential causes for the higher scores of males are therefore discussed. Partialing out covariates resulted in a clearer picture of country-specific and gender-dependent effects on psychopathology, which is helpful in designing interventions.

scholarly journals Insights into the impact of the pandemic on early career researchers: the case of remote teaching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nicholas ◽  
Eti Herman ◽  
David Sims ◽  
Anthony Watkinson ◽  
Blanca Rodríguez-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Specific Teaching ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Country Specific

<p>The study presents comparative qualitative findings from a longitudinal exploration of the impact of the pandemic on early career researchers (ECRs) from the sciences and social sciences. Using qualitative methodologies, it focuses on the increasing demands of remote teaching made on ECRs and the potentially negative effects these had on their research. The study also sheds light on ECRs’ country-specific teaching commitments and the extent to which these play a role in their assessment. Data comes from the first of three rounds of in-depth interviews, conducted with 177 ECRs from China, France, Malaysia, Poland, Russia, Spain, UK and US. The main findings, which are set against the published literature, were: a) over half ECRs teach and most of them are assessed on their teaching; b) there are significant differences between countries, with, for instance, French researchers hardly teaching and nearly all Polish researchers doing so; c) around a quarter of ECRs felt research was hindered during the pandemic because online teaching was increasingly demanding of their time; d) a preliminary analysis of ECRs’ gender-specific attitude to teaching in the pandemic-incurred new realities indicates that women experience more difficulties.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Growth on Gender Specific Unemployment in the EU

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Brincikova ◽  
Lubomir Darmo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The relationship between unemployment and economic growth is known as Okun´s Law. Okun´s Law is used to estimate the reaction of unemployment rate on change in GDP growth. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine the possibly asymmetric relationship between changes in output and gender specific unemployment rates by estimating Okun´s coefficients for all countries of the EU, as well as for selected groups of the EU countries. These groups include countries with similar characteristics that differ from other groups and represent the diversity among the EU. The results confirm that male unemployment is more sensitive to changes in GDP than the unemployment of females. Furthermore, findings differ on the country´s specifics with higher sensitivity in countries with lower economic performance.

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