Components of Emotion Regulation Flexibility: Linking Latent Profiles to Depressive and Anxious Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262095697
Author(s):  
Shuquan Chen ◽  
George A. Bonanno
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Context Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Latent Profiles ◽  
High Flexibility

Emotion regulation flexibility has been conceptualized as a multicomponent construct that consists of context sensitivity, repertoire, and feedback responsiveness. Although individuals with greater abilities in each component show better psychological adjustment, the patterns of these components remain unknown. In two cross-sectional MTurk studies ( Ns = 200 and 802), we identified four or five predominant latent profiles: high-flexibility regulators (HFR), medium-flexibility regulators (MFR), context-insensitive regulators (CIR), feedback-irresponsive regulators (FIR), and low-repertoire regulators (LRR; Study 2 only). Inflexible regulators (CIR, FIR, and LRR) exhibited greater depressive and anxious symptoms than MFR and then HFR. Although inflexible regulators did not differ from each other on depressive symptoms, CIR showed more anxious symptoms than FIR and LRR. These findings support the importance of all three flexibility components with a highlight on context sensitivity and, moreover, suggest one potential way in which future studies can integrate various flexibility components.

scholarly journals Safe in my heart: resting heart rate variability longitudinally predicts emotion regulation, worry and sense of safeness during COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Makovac ◽  
Luca Carnevali ◽  
Sonia Hernandez-Medina ◽  
Andrea Sgoifo ◽  
Nicola Petrocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Due to its ability to reflect the capacity to engage in context-appropriate responses, tonic heart rate variability (HRV) is considered a putative biomarker of stress resilience. However, most studies are cross-sectional, precluding causal inferences. The high levels of uncertainty and fear at a global level that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic offer a unique opportunity to investigate the longitudinal role of HRV in stress resilience. The present study examined whether HRV, measured about 2 years earlier (Time 0), could predict emotion regulation strategies and daily affect in healthy adults during the May 2020 lockdown (Time 1). Moreover, we evaluated the association between HRV measures, emotion regulation strategies, subjective perception of COVID-19 risk, and self-reported depressive symptoms at Time 1. Higher tonic HRV at Time 0 resulted a significant predictor of a stronger engagement in more functional emotion regulation strategies, as well as of higher daily feelings of safeness and reduced daily worry at Time 1. Moreover, depressive symptoms negatively correlated with HRV and positively correlated with the subjective perception of COVID-19 risk at Time 1. Current data support the view that HRV might be not only a marker but also a precursor of resilience under stressful times.

Emotion Regulation in Context: Social Connectedness Moderates Concurrent and Prospective Associations With Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Marroquín ◽  
Jennifer De Rutte ◽  
Casey L. May ◽  
Blair E. Wisco
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Emotion regulation in healthy functioning and in depression is typically examined as an intrapersonal phenomenon, but growing evidence suggests social factors affect individuals' strategy use and effectiveness. We examined whether the role of emotion regulation in depression—concurrently and over four weeks—depends on social connectedness, predicting that higher social connectedness would dilute effects of one's own strategy use regardless of specific strategy. Methods: Young adult participants (n = 187) completed measures of perceived social connectedness, depressive symptoms, two avoidant emotion regulation strategies (ruminative brooding and experiential avoidance), and two approach-oriented strategies (positive reappraisal and planning), and depressive symptoms again four weeks later (n = 166). Results: Cross-sectional associations of emotion regulation with symptoms were moderated by social connectedness: effects of both avoidant and approach strategies were weaker among more connected individuals. Prospectively, social connectedness moderated effects of approach strategies, but not avoidant strategies. Among more socially connected individuals, using approach strategies—which are typically adaptive—was associated with higher symptoms over time. Discussion: Results partially replicate previous research and support the role of social factors as important contexts of intraper-sonal emotion regulation and dysregulation in depression. Findings suggest that social resources can dilute intrapersonal effects regardless of strategy type—more in the shorter term than in the longer term—and can even lead seemingly adaptive strategies to backfire over time. Implications for research integrating emotion regulation, relationships, and depressive psychopathology are discussed.

scholarly journals Sleep Reactivity and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Female Student Nurses: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuliang Shi ◽  
Haiying Qi ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Zihan Li ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Mediation

Previous cross-sectional studies have documented that sleep reactivity was associated with depressive symptoms, but the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship were understudied. Therefore, the present study with a longitudinal prospective design was to reveal the mediating roles of sleep disturbance and emotion regulation difficulties (ERD) between sleep reactivity and depressive symptoms. This study included 725 student nurses who were followed up periodically for 9 months, with an interval of three months. All participants completed questionnaires regarding sleep reactivity, sleep disturbance, ERD, and depressive symptoms. Adjusted analyses suggested that the direct effect of sleep reactivity on depressive symptoms was non-significant. The bootstrap procedure revealed two significant indirect effects: from sleep reactivity to depressive symptoms with sleep disturbance as a mediator and from sleep reactivity to depressive symptoms with sleep disturbance and ERD as sequential mediators. Therefore, sleep reactivity might be considered as an indicator of shiftwork adaptability in the evaluation of recruitment. Psychological interventions aimed at developing healthy sleep habits and emotion regulation skills may be helpful in decreasing the risk of depression.

Is Dementia-Specific Caregiving Compared With Non-Dementia Caregiving Associated With Physical Difficulty Among Caregivers for Community-Dwelling Adults?

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110143
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Parker ◽  
Chanee Fabius ◽  
Emerald Rivers ◽  
Janiece L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dementia Caregiving ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Cohort Study Design

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify whether dementia caregiving is associated with physical difficulty among informal caregivers. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study design used data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study and the National Study of Caregiving. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between substantial physical difficulty and dementia caregiving among 1,871 caregivers. Results: Nearly 14% of the caregivers reported substantial physical difficulty. Dementia caregivers were 1.5 times more likely to report caregiving-related substantial physical difficulty (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.58, p = .04) than non-dementia caregivers. Factors associated with substantial physical difficulty included caregiver gender, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, pain, and caring for someone receiving assistance with three or more self-care or mobility activities. Discussion: Future studies should identify strategies to mitigate the physical demands on dementia caregivers. Early monitoring of caregivers’ self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and pain may identify those more likely to experience physical difficulty.

Emotion regulation during adolescence: Antecedent or outcome of depressive symptomology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalee De France ◽  
Hannah Lennarz ◽  
Karlijn Kindt ◽  
Tom Hollenstein
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Directional Relation

Consistently, moderate to strong correlations between emotion regulation and depressive symptomology are well documented. This relationship is most often conceptualized as unidirectional, in that poor emotion regulation acts as a pre-existing risk factor for depressive symptomatology. However, explicit examinations of the direction of this relationship have been limited, and support for a directional relation between emotion regulation and psychopathology has been inconsistent. Moreover, the majority of the research exploring these associations relies on adult participants and the studies that have examined emotion regulation and depression in adolescents have relied almost exclusively on cross-sectional data. As a replication and extension of work that has been done by others, the current study assessed Suppression and Reappraisal use and Depressive Symptoms in 1343 adolescents (Mean age = 12.9 years, SD = 0.85) who completed assessments of emotion regulation and depressive symptoms four times over two years. Results indicated that only Suppression but not Reappraisal was concurrently correlated with Depressive Symptoms. Moreover, a correlated slopes analysis showed that within-subject changes in use of Suppression, but not Reappraisal, were associated with within-subject changes in Depressive Symptoms over time. Finally, a cross-lag panel analysis showed that while Depressive Symptoms were predictive of future Suppression use, Suppression use did not predict later Depressive Symptoms. Therefore, while Suppression and Depressive Symptoms seem to be associated during adolescence, associations between reappraisal and depressive symptomology were not present in the current study. Moreover, despite previous evidence supporting emotion regulation as a risk factor for depression, suppression may be the outcome, rather than the antecedent, of depressive symptoms during adolescence.

scholarly journals Social Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Retirees

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Ziyao Xu ◽  
Na Sun
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract With the rapid growth of the older population in China, the number of retirees is expanding. The retirement transition can lead to the loss of roles/challenge self-identity, increasing the risk of depression. Social participation may have a protective role in the context of retirement. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms among Chinese retirees. Using cross-sectional data from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), we investigated 1949 retirees (Mean age = 66.11, SD=0.37). Social engagement was measured by summing participation in 10 social activities (e.g., interacting with friends, volunteering). Depressive symptoms were measured using the CESD-10; a score ≥ 10 was used to define depression. Participants, on average, engaged in 1.42 (SD=0.06) social activities and 16.8% of them had depression. Results of logistic regression indicate a significant relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms (p=0.014). For every additional social activity, the odds of depression decreased by 17%, holding age, gender, marital status, education, total income, and numbers of chronic diseases constant. Social activity is associated with depression among Chinese retirees. Future studies should explore the effects of specific types of activities on the mental health of Chinese retirees.

P–491 The mediator role of pain-related psychological inflexibility in the relationship between psychopathological symptoms and pain intensity in endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Galhardo ◽  
B Monteiro ◽  
N Carolino ◽  
M Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Study question Does pain-related psychological inflexibility play a role in the relationship between psychopathological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) and pain intensity in women with endometriosis? Summary answer Pain-related psychological inflexibility acts as a mediator exclusively between depressive symptoms and pain intensity. Psychopathological symptoms did not reveal a direct effect on pain intensity. What is known already Endometriosis is a chronic and incapacitating condition frequently involving the experience of pain (e.g., dysmenorrhea, ovulation pain, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain). Women dealing with endometriosis may present impaired health-related quality of life and psychological distress, with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms being commonly reported. Pain-related psychological inflexibility involves emotion regulation processes, such as avoidance of pain and cognitive fusion with pain. Cognitive and behavioural processes influence the relationship between pain and psychopathological symptoms, and pain-related psychological inflexibility showed to be an underlying mechanism in this relationship. Study design, size, duration Cross-sectional study. Participants’ recruitment was completed through the Associação Portuguesa de Apoio a Mulheres com Endometriose and the Associação Portuguesa de Fertilidade (endometriosis and infertility patients’ associations). Inclusion criteria were age (18 years or older) and an endometriosis medical diagnosis (self-reported). Data collection occurred between February 2018 and May 2018. Participants/materials, setting, methods A sample encompassing 209 women with an endometriosis diagnosis completed online a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS – 21), the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS-PT). Descriptive and correlational analyses were carried out using SPSS v. 26, and path analyses were estimated in AMOS (v. 24) with bootstrap procedures (2000 samples). Main results and the role of chance Participants’ age ranged from 18 to 50 years old with a mean of 34.03 (SD = 6.44) years. The majority of participants were married (n = 112; 53.6%), followed by single (n = 54; 25.8%). Regarding years of education, a mean of 14.62 years (SD = 2.80) was found. Participants reported that their endometriosis diagnosis had been established for 4.55 years (SD = 4.56). Correlation analyses showed that depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms were significantly and positively associated with pain intensity and pain-related psychological inflexibility. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether pain-related psychological inflexibility mediated the effect of psychopathological symptoms on pain intensity. Paths showing not to be statistically significant were removed. The final model defining an effect of depressive symptoms on pain intensity mediated by pain-related psychological inflexibility explained 26% of the variance. This model showed a good fit to the empirical data: χ2(5) = 10.75, p = .057, CMIN/DF = 2.15; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .07, 95% CI = .00 to .14. Depressive symptoms predicted elevated pain intensity fully through higher pain-related psychological inflexibility (b = .05; SEb = .01; Z = 8.45; p < .001; β= .51). Limitations, reasons for caution Although path analysis is a powerful statistical technique, our findings rely on cross-sectional and self-report data. The study was disseminated through patients’ associations, limiting the inclusion of people who do get in touch with such organizations. Moreover, online recruitment tends to recruit participants with more access to online platforms. Wider implications of the findings: Pain-related psychological inflexibility seems to be a relevant construct to be addressed in the psychological assessment of women dealing with endometriosis. Furthermore, results suggest the relevance of targeting emotion regulation processes, and not only focus on reducing pain, in pain management interventions. Trial registration number N/A.

scholarly journals Cardiac Vagal Control, Regulatory Processes and Depressive Symptoms: Re-Investigating the Moderating Role of Sleep Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4067
Author(s):  
Danböck ◽  
Werner
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vagal Control ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Cardiac Vagal Control ◽  
Representative Samples

Lower cardiac vagal control (CVC), which is often understood as an indicator for impaired regulatory processes, is assumed to predict the development of depressive symptoms. As this link has not been consistently demonstrated, sleep quality has been proposed as a moderating factor. However, previous studies were limited by non-representative samples, cross-sectional data, and focused on CVC as a physiological indicator for impaired regulatory processes, but neglected corresponding subjective measures. Therefore, we investigated whether sleep quality moderates the effects of CVC (quantified by high-frequency heart rate variability) and self-reported regulatory processes (self- and emotion-regulation) on concurrent depressive symptoms and on depressive symptoms after three months in a representative sample (N = 125). Significant interactions between CVC and sleep quality (in women only), as well as self-/emotion-regulation and sleep quality emerged, whereby higher sleep quality attenuated the relation between all risk factors and current depressive symptoms (cross-sectional data). However, there were no significant interactions between those variables in predicting depressive symptoms three months later (longitudinal data). Our cross-sectional findings extend previous findings on sleep quality as a protective factor against depressive symptoms in the presence of lower CVC and subjective indices of impaired regulatory processes. In contrast, our conflicting longitudinal results stress the need for further investigations.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

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