Emotion Regulation Diversity in Current and Remitted Depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262097861
Author(s):  
Alainna Wen ◽  
Leanne Quigley ◽  
K. Lira Yoon ◽  
Keith S. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Remitted Depression

Depression is associated with reduced flexibility in emotion regulation (ER). Diversity in the use of ER strategies is crucial for ER flexibility. In this study, we examined associations between depression and ER diversity and proposed a novel measure: the ER diversity index. Currently depressed ( n = 58), remitted depressed ( n = 65), and healthy control participants ( n = 55) rated their use of nine ER strategies. Four ER measures were computed (diversity index, sum score, flexibility score, intraindividual standard deviation), and their association with diagnostic group was compared. The ER diversity index was associated with depression status more strongly than all other ER measures. Currently and remitted depressed individuals exhibited greater diversity in ER strategies overall and maladaptive ER strategies but less diversity in adaptive ER strategies compared with healthy individuals. Thus, the ER diversity index may be a valid measure of ER diversity, and ER diversity may have an important role in depression.

scholarly journals Elabela levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: can it be a marker for diabetic nephropathy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Erhan Onalan ◽  
Yusuf Doğan ◽  
Ebru Onalan ◽  
Nevzat Gozel ◽  
Ilay Buran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group 2

Backround: Elabela (ELA) is a hormone that is secreted at high levels in the kidneys of a healthy adult. This study aims to investigate whether serum ELA levels of patients with Type 2 Diabetes vary with the severity of renal damage. Methods: Our study included 50 healthy control subjects and 100 diabetic patients, who were categorized into groups based on urine albumin/creatinine ratios (ACR). Patients included in the study were assigned to four groups: Group 1 (healthy control), Group 2 (ACR<29mg/g), Group 3 (ACR=30-299 mg/g), and Group 4 (ACR>300 mg/g normal or high serum creatinine). Physical examination findings, demographic characteristics of the study group were recorded, and serum ELA levels and other laboratory parameters were assessed using appropriate methods. Results: The results of the study indicated that ELA levels determined in healthy individuals gradually decreased through stages of normal albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Moreover, ELA had a significant negative corre- lation with LDL-C (r=-0.201, p=0.014), glucose (r=-0.437, P<0.001), retinopathy (r=-0.222, P=0.006), serum BUN (r=- 0.161, P=0.049), and a positive correlation with eGFR (r=0.250, P=0.002). Conclusions: The fact that ELA levels are higher in healthy individuals compared to diabetic patients without microalbu- minuria, and higher in diabetic patients without microalbuminuria compared to patients with advanced albuminuria and kidney damage, suggests that the ELA level can be an important clinical prognostic variable and even a promising agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy patients. Keywords: Elabela, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, albuminuria.

Emotion Regulation Choice in Internet Addiction: Less Reappraisal, Lower Frontal Alpha Asymmetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110564
Author(s):  
Xinyu Yan ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Jiemin Yang ◽  
Jiajin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Neural Marker

Individuals with internet addiction (IA) show difficulties in emotion regulation. However, they could effectively employ emotion regulation strategies when instructed. We speculate that this discrepancy might be caused by maladaptive emotion regulation choices. Recent studies indicated that decreased activity of the left frontal cortex could be a neural marker of reappraisal use. To address this problem, individuals with IA ( n = 17, IA group) and healthy individuals ( n = 23, healthy control [HC] group) were required to choose an emotion regulation strategy between reappraisal and distraction to regulate their emotions varying in emotional intensity and valence. We also compared the resting state frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) of these 2 groups. The results replicated more choices of reappraisal in low- versus high-intensity emotional contexts across groups. More importantly, the IA group chose reappraisal less frequently compared with the HC group, irrespective of emotional intensity. Furthermore, we found individuals with IA have lower FAA than healthy controls, and FAA shows a positive correlation with the use of reappraisal. These findings suggest that IA alters individuals’ patterns of emotion regulation choice and impairs frontal activities, causing difficulties in emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in Wilson's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangsheng Cai ◽  
Lin Deng ◽  
Xiaogui Ma ◽  
Yusheng Guo ◽  
Zhiting Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lower Abundance ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bacterial Groups

AbstractWilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of chronic copper toxicosis with high mortality and disability. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between dysbiosis in gut microbiome and multiple diseases such as genetic and metabolic disease. However, the impact of intestinal microbiota polymorphism in WD have not been fully elaborated and need to be explore for seeking some microbiota benefit for WD patients. In this study, the 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 14 patients with WD and was compared to the results from 16 healthy individuals. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in the WD group were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals. The WD group presented unique richness of Gemellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Spirochaetaceae at family level, which were hardly detected in healthy controls. The WD group had a markedly lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, and a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Fusobacteria than that in healthy individuals. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the WD group was significantly lower than that of healthy control. In addition, the functional profile of the gut microbiome from WD patients showed a lower abundance of bacterial groups involved in the host immune and metabolism associated systems pathways such as transcription factors and ABC-type transporters, compared to healthy individuals. These results implied dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be influenced by the host metabolic disorders of WD, which may provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis and new possible therapeutic targets for WD.

THUR 037 Identification of biofluid markers of TDP-43 pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. A5.4-A6
Author(s):  
Shafei Rachelle ◽  
Foiani Martha ◽  
Heller Carolin ◽  
Heslegrave Amanda ◽  
Woollacott Ione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
University College ◽  
University College London ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

IntroductionFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is usually caused pathologically by either tau or TDP-43. Previous biofluid assays of TDP-43 have not so far proved to be sensitive or specific for identifying those cases with TDP-43 pathology.Material and methodsWe set out to investigate the novel TDP-43 Simoa assay (Quanterix) assay in both plasma and CSF in a cohort of patients recruited from the University College London FTD observational studies with known or likely TDP-43 pathology (17), non-TDP-43 pathology (13), and healthy controls (10).ResultsThe mean [standard deviation] plasma TDP-43 concentration was higher in those with likely TDP-43 pathology (155.1 [223.4] pg/ml) than those with non-TDP pathology (112.39 [252.9] pg/ml), and healthy controls (50.0 [23.1] pg/ml), but the differences between groups was non-significant, with substantial overlap in concentrations between all three groups. The mean CSF TDP-43 concentration was 2.9 [0.3] pg/ml in those with likely TDP-43 pathology, 2.8 [0.4] pg/ml in those with non-TDP pathology, and 3.1 [0.5] pg/ml in healthy controls. DiscussionThe assay tested in this study does not accurately distinguish between those with likely TDP-43 pathology and either disease controls or healthy individuals. There remains an urgent need to develop a better biofluid assay for pathological TDP-43.

scholarly journals Alterations in the Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome in Fungal Keratitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashanthi ◽  
Jayasudha ◽  
Chakravarthy ◽  
Padakandla ◽  
SaiAbhilash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Map Analysis

Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the eye, when neglected could lead to sight-threatening complications and ultimately blindness. Globally, over a million people are affected by keratitis annually. Keratitis has a microbial etiology and is caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. The present study compared the ocular surface fungal microbiome of healthy individuals and individuals with fungal keratitis. Fungal microbiomes from the conjunctival swabs of healthy individuals and from conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis were generated using ITS2 region amplicons. Microbiomes were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 base pair chemistry with a paired-end protocol. Based on Alpha diversity indices, phylum and genera level diversity, abundance differences, and heat map analysis, the fungal microbiomes of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings of individuals with fungal keratitis exhibited dysbiosis (alterations in the diversity and abundance) compared to the ocular surface microbiome of the healthy control individuals. This is the first report indicating dysbiosis in the fungal microbiome of conjunctival swabs and corneal scrapings in individuals with fungal keratitis. A total of 11 genera present in the majority of the eyes constituted the variable core ocular microbiome.

Is borderline personality disorder really an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, how? A comprehensive experimental paradigm

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Skye Fitzpatrick ◽  
Sonya Varma ◽  
Janice R. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotional Recovery

Abstract Background Leading theories suggest that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is an emotion dysregulation disorder involving lower basal vagal tone, higher baseline emotion, heightened emotional reactivity, delayed emotional recovery, and emotion regulation deficits. However, the literature to date lacks a unifying paradigm that tests all of the main emotion dysregulation components and comprehensively examines whether BPD is an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, in what ways. This study addresses the empirical gaps with a unified paradigm that assessed whether BPD is characterized by five leading emotion dysregulation components compared to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy control (HC) groups. Methods Emotion was assessed across self-report, sympathetic, and parasympathetic indices. Participants with BPD, GAD, and HCs (N = 120) first underwent baseline periods assessing basal vagal tone and baseline emotional intensity, followed by rejection-themed stressors assessing emotional reactivity. Participants then either reacted normally to assess emotional recovery or attempted to decrease emotion using mindfulness or distraction to assess emotion regulation implementation deficits. Results Individuals with BPD and GAD exhibited higher self-reported and sympathetic baseline emotion compared to HCs. The BPD group also exhibited self-reported emotion regulation deficits using distraction only compared to the GAD group. Conclusions There is minimal support for several emotion dysregulation components in BPD, and some components that are present appear to be pervasive across high emotion dysregulation groups rather than specific to BPD. However, BPD may be characterized by problems disengaging from emotion using distraction.

scholarly journals Vitamin K2 Supplementation Does Not Affect Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors Activity in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1843-1843
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Ruijun Ren ◽  
Dan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Objectives Vitamin K is generally regarded as a procoagulant drug with physicians, concerns have been raised about its effects on hemostasis in the healthy population. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin K2 affects activities of individual vitamin K dependent coagulation factors in healthy individuals without anticoagulation treatment. Methods Forty healthy volunteers between 25 and 40 years old were recruited. They received 90 μg of vitamin K2 every day for 30 days. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen (FIB) levels and blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X activity levels (F II : C, FⅦ : C, FⅨ : C,FⅩ : C), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), which is uncarboxylated prothrombin were measured at day 0, and day 30 after vitamin K2 administration. Plasma diluted 1:10 from vitamin K2 group and healthy control group were assayed for the activity of factors II, VII, IX, and X. Results PT, APTT, TT, and FIB did not show significant difference at day 30 when compared with baseline. The activities of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X was not significantly different with baseline (97.28 ± 12.42% vs. 99.96 ± 10.24%, P = 0.24 for F II: C; 76.12 ± 15.82% vs. 76.40 ± 12.33%, P = 0.92 for FⅦ: C; 97.65 ± 13.98% vs. 99.65 ± 13.30%, P = 0.47 for FⅨ: C; 89.18 ± 10.76% vs. 92.01 ± 10.46%, P = 0.1 for FⅩ: C) . PIVKA-II levels were not changed with 30 days vitamin K2 supplementation (21.62 ± 3.21 vs. 23.87 ± 2.65 mAU/ml, P = 0.16). After 30 days vitamin K2 administration, factor II, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, and Ⅹ activity of plasma diluted up to 10 times were proportionally decreased, and did not show significant difference with the healthy control without vitamin K2 exposure (10.32 ± 1.24% vs. 10.97 ± 1.55%, P = 0.38 for F II: C; 9.52 ± 2.94% vs. 9.14 ± 1.79%, P = 0.68 for FⅦ: C; 11.78 ± 2.12% vs.11.65 ± 1.54%, P = 0.87 for FⅨ: C; 8.22 ± 1.28% vs. 8.92 ± 1.13%, P = 0.21 for FⅩ: C). Conclusions Vitamin K2 supplementation at recommended dosage does not affect vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors activity in healthy subjects. Uncarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) in healthy individuals is not decreased with vitamin K supplementation. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jiang ◽  
Guangtao Hu ◽  
Jingxuan Zhang ◽  
Ken Chen ◽  
Dongni Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background Childhood trauma and over-general autobiographical memory (OGM) are crucial risk factors of suicide. This study aimed to investigate whether suicidal ideation was predicted by one’s childhood trauma and OGM and the mechanism of OGM underlying suicidal ideation in depression patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 180 depression patients and 176 matched healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was obtained. Path analysis was conducted to test a meditational model. The multigroup comparison was applied to find differences between groups. Results Significant differences were detected between depression patients and healthy controls with respect to childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior. OGM was positively correlated with both current and worst-point suicidal ideation in the depression group and significantly correlated with worst-point suicidal ideation in the healthy control group. The path model showed that childhood trauma had a direct impact on the current suicidal ideation directly, and an indirect influence through OGM and worst-point suicidal ideation. Multigroup analysis further demonstrated that OGM affected and mediated the current suicidal ideation due to childhood trauma in depression patients, whereas only worst-point suicidal ideation was affected in healthy controls. Conclusions The OGM mediates suicidal ideation in depression patients, but only affects the worst-point suicidal ideation in the healthy controls. As it is one of the major risk factors of suicidal ideation in depression, amelioration of OGM might be an useful method to reduce or prevent suicidal ideation in depression patients.

Effects of diabetes duration and HgA1C level on corneal endothelial morphology

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212091481
Author(s):  
Salih Çolak ◽  
Burcu Kazanci ◽  
Dilek Ozçelik Soba ◽  
Yasemin Ozdamar Erol ◽  
Pelin Yilmazbas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the HbA1c level and the duration of diabetes mellitus on the corneal endothelium morphology and to compare between healthy individuals and diabetes mellitus patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Material and methods: Ninety patients who applied to the Health Sciences University Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital between January 2016 and January 2017 were included in this prospective randomized study. In the study, 45 diabetes mellitus patients and 45 healthy individuals were evaluated. The diabetes patients were compared in terms of HbA1c level, diabetes mellitus duration, corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, standard deviation, and hexagonality with healthy control group. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the endothelial cell densitometer, coefficient of variation, and standard deviation measurements between the diabetes mellitus patients and the control (healthy) group. But, there was no statistically significant difference between 6A (hexagonality) and central corneal thickness measurements. There was a negative correlation between HbA1c levels and diabetes mellitus times and endothelial cell densitometer values in the patients with diabetes mellitus diagnosis and standard deviation values in the positive direction. There was a statistically significant difference between diabetes mellitus patients with the diagnosis of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the endothelial cell densitometer and standard deviation values. But there was not any statistically significant difference between coefficient of variation, 6A, and central corneal thickness values. Conclusion: The endothelial cell densitometer in diabetes mellitus patients with retinopathy is lower than that in healthy individuals. There is a negative correlation between retinopathy severity and corneal endothelial cell density. Diabetes affects negatively not only vascular tissues but also avascular cornea.

scholarly journals Changes to Intermediary Metabolites in Sporadic andLRRK2Parkinson’s Disease Demonstrated by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jan O. Aasly ◽  
Oddbjørn Sæther ◽  
Krisztina K. Johansen ◽  
Tone F. Bathen ◽  
Guro F. Giskeødegård ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Differences ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Intermediary Metabolites ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Genetically Determined

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a clinical diagnosis and biomarkers are needed to detect the disease as early as possible. Genetically determined PD provides an opportunity for studying metabolic differences in connection with disease development.Objectives. To study the levels of intermediary metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with PD, either of sporadic type or in carriers of theLRRK2p.G2019S mutation.Methods. Results from patients with sporadic PD orLRRK2-PD were compared with asymptomaticLRRK2mutation carriers and healthy control individuals. CSF was analysed by proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) giving reliable results for 16 intermediary metabolites. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to study group differences.Results. PLS-DA distinguished PD patients from healthy individuals based on the metabolites identified in CSF, with 2-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine, and dimethyl sulphone largely contributing to the separations.Conclusion. Speculatively, all three metabolites could alter concentration in response to metabolic changes connected with neurodegeneration; glutamine as a means of removing excess nitrogen from brain, dimethyl sulphone as an anti-inflammatory agent, and 2-hydroxybutyrate in connection with altered glutathione metabolism. Potentially,1H-MRS is a promising tool for identifying novel biomarkers for PD.

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