Patient Preference for the Management of Trigger Digit

K Joughin, SJ McCabe. Patient preference for the management of trigger digit. Can J Plast Surg 1993;1(3):141-142. Steroid injection and surgery are both accepted treatment options for trigger digit. The objective of this study was to determine which modality patients would prefer when given a choice of treatments, the strength of their preference and factors that may influence their preference. A probability trade-off technique was used in 151 subjects. On average, subjects selected injection over surgery and would do so with a probability of success by injection as low as 57%. If the probability of cure by injection was less than 57%, surgery would be the preferred method of treatment, on average. A bimodal distribution of patient preference showed that some patients may strongly prefer either surgery or injection, with many patients preferring surgery even with a high expected cure rate of the first injection. Age, gender and previous experience with injections or surgery did not correlate with preference. Patients with trigger digits should be presented with unbiased information about treatment and be allowed to take part in the selection of the type of treatment they receive.

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Optimization of turn-milling process in roughing and finishing regimes: Trade-off between productivity, cutting force and surface integrity

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/0954408921998513 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440892199851

Author(s):

Ebrahim Hosseini ◽

Shafiqur Rehman ◽

Ashkan Alimoradi

Keyword(s):

Cutting Force ◽

Desirability Function ◽

Milling Process ◽

Machining Process ◽

Hybrid Machining ◽

Trade Off ◽

Hybrid Machining Process ◽

Process Factors ◽

Turn Milling ◽

Selection Of

Turn-milling is a hybrid machining process which used benefits of interrupted cutting for proceeding of round bars. However, number of controllable parameters in the hybrid process is numerous that makes optimizing the process complicated. In the present study, an optimization work has been proposed to investigate the trade-off between production rate and cutting force in roughing regime as well surface roughness and tensile residual stress in finishing regime. Number of 43 experiments based on response surface methodology was designed and carried out to gather required data for development of quadratic empirical models. Then, the adequacy and importance of process factors were analyzed using analysis of variances. Finally, desirability function was used to optimize the process in rough and finish machining regimes. The obtained results showed that selection of eccentricity and cutter speed at their maximum working range can effectively enhance the quality characteristics in both the roughing and finishing regimes.

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Physical activity counselling in Ireland: a survey of doctors’ knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practice

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000572 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah O'Brien ◽

Lucia Prihodova ◽

Mairéad Heffron ◽

Peter Wright

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Royal College ◽

Patient Preference ◽

Online Survey ◽

Response Rate ◽

Further Education ◽

Pharmaceutical Intervention ◽

And Training ◽

Do So

ObjectivePhysical activity (PA) counselling has been shown to raise awareness of the importance of PA and to increase the rate of PA engagement among patients. While much attention has been paid to examining the knowledge, attitudes and practice of general practitioners in relation to PA counselling, there is less literature examining such issues in hospital-based doctors in Ireland and further afield. This study aimed to explore doctors’ PA counselling practices and to analyse how this related to their level of PA knowledge, training and attitudes.MethodsAn invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to 4692 members of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland who were listed as having an address in Ireland. Descriptive and explorative analyses of the data were performed using IBM SPSS V.22.0.ResultsA total of 595 valid responses were included (response rate 12.7%; 42.7% male, 42.6±12.1 years). The majority reported enquiring about PA levels (88.0%) and providing PA counselling (86.4%) in at least some of their patients. Doctors who saw it as their role and those who felt more effective/confident in providing PA counselling were significantly more likely to do so. A perceived lack of patient interest in PA and patient preference for pharmaceutical intervention were significant barriers to undertaking PA counselling.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the need for further education and training in PA counselling in Ireland with a particular focus on improving the attitudes and self-efficacy of doctors in this area at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

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The aerodynamic puzzle of nasalized fricatives: Aerodynamic and perceptual evidence from Scottish Gaelic

Laboratory Phonology Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology ◽

10.1515/lp-2015-0007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natasha Warner ◽

Daniel Brenner ◽

Jessamyn Schertz ◽

Andrew Carnie ◽

Muriel Fisher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scottish Gaelic ◽

Trade Off ◽

Instrumental Data ◽

The World ◽

Perceptual Evidence ◽

Better Than ◽

Do So

AbstractScottish Gaelic is sometimes described as having nasalized fricatives (/ṽ/ distinctively, and [f̃, x̃, h̃], etc. through assimilation). However, there are claims that it is not aerodynamically possible to open the velum for nasalization while maintaining frication noise. We present aerodynamic data from 14 native Scottish Gaelic speakers to determine how the posited nasalized fricatives in this language are realized. Most tokens demonstrate loss of nasalization, but nasalization does occur in some contexts without aerodynamic conflict, e.g., nasalization with the consonant realized as an approximant, nasalization of [h̃], nasalization on the preceding vowel, or sequential frication and nasalization. Furthermore, a very few tokens do contain simultaneous nasalization and frication with a trade-off in airflow. We also present perceptual evidence showing that Gaelic listeners can hear this distinction slightly better than chance. Thus, instrumental data from one of the few languages in the world described as having nasalized fricatives confirms that the claimed sounds are not made by producing strong nasalization concurrently with clear frication noise. Furthermore, although speakers most often neutralize the nasalization, when they maintain it, they do so through a variety of phonetic mechanisms, even within a single language.

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A look-ahead Monte Carlo simulation method for improving parental selection in trait introgression

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83634-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saba Moeinizade ◽

Ye Han ◽

Hieu Pham ◽

Guiping Hu ◽

Lizhi Wang

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Multiple Trait ◽

Look Ahead ◽

Probability Of Success ◽

Genetic Distribution ◽

Selection Of ◽

Trait Introgression

AbstractMultiple trait introgression is the process by which multiple desirable traits are converted from a donor to a recipient cultivar through backcrossing and selfing. The goal of this procedure is to recover all the attributes of the recipient cultivar, with the addition of the specified desirable traits. A crucial step in this process is the selection of parents to form new crosses. In this study, we propose a new selection approach that estimates the genetic distribution of the progeny of backcrosses after multiple generations using information of recombination events. Our objective is to select the most promising individuals for further backcrossing or selfing. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study has been conducted using maize data where our method is compared with state-of-the-art approaches. Simulation results suggest that the proposed method, look-ahead Monte Carlo, achieves higher probability of success than existing approaches. Our proposed selection method can assist breeders to efficiently design trait introgression projects.

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Endoleaks: current concepts and treatments

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.03-345 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zia Ur Rehman

Keyword(s):

Stent Graft ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽

Aneurysm Rupture ◽

Special Situation ◽

Type V ◽

Aneurysm Repair ◽

Benign Course ◽

Selection Of

Endoleaks are the most common complications following endovascular aneurysm repair. Depending upon their origin, there are five types of endoleaks, types I-V, which can also be classified as direct and indirect endoleaks. Direct endoleaks type 1 and III have higher risk of aneurysm rupture due to rapid sac expansion, and require immediate correction. Indirect endoleaks types II, IV and V have a relatively benign course compared to direct endoleaks. Most of them resolve with time and very few of them need interventions upon sac enlargement. Type V endotension is a special situation where there is sac enlargement despite no demonstrable endoleak. Proper planning and appropriate selection of stent-graft can prevent most of these endoleaks. With improvement in stent-graft technology, the incidence of endoleaks has been reduced. The current narrative review was planned to describe the pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment options for each type of endoleak. Continuous...

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Catalog Design: Design Using Available Assets

18th Design Automation Conference: Volume 1 — Optimum Design, Manufacturing Processes, and Concurrent Engineering ◽

10.1115/detc1992-0139 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

S. Vadde ◽

J. K. Allen ◽

F. Mistree

Keyword(s):

Deterministic Model ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Complex Task ◽

Cooling Fluid ◽

Selection Problems ◽

Catalog Design ◽

Standard Framework ◽

Selection Of ◽

Do So

Abstract Catalog design is a procedure in which a system is assembled by selecting standard components from catalogs of available components. Selection in design involves making a choice among a number of alternatives taking into account several attributes. The information available to a designer to do so during the early stages of project initiation may be uncertain. The uncertainty in information may be imprecise or stochastic. Under these circumstances, a designer has to balance limited resources against the quality of solution obtained or decisions made by accounting for uncertainty in information available. This complex task becomes formidable when dealing with coupled selection problems, that is problems that should be solved simultaneously. Coupled selection problems share a number of coupling attributes among them. In an earlier paper we have shown how selection problems, both coupled and uncoupled can be reformulated as a single compromise Decision Support Problem (DSP) using a deterministic model. In this paper, we show how the traditional compromise DSP can be extended to represent a nondeterministic case. We use fuzzy set theory to model imprecision and Bayesian statistics to model stochastic information. Formulations that can be solved with the same solution scheme are presented to handle both fuzzy and stochastic information in the standard framework of a compromise DSP. The approaches are illustrated by an example involving the coupled selection of a heat exchanger concept and a cooling fluid for a specific application. The emphasis in this paper is placed on explaining the methods.

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TALKING ABOUT RAPE – AND WHY IT MATTERS: Adjudicating rape in the Western Cape High Court

South African Crime Quarterly ◽

10.17159/2413-3108/2014/v0i47a801 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stacy Moreland

Keyword(s):

Criminal Law ◽

Institutional Factors ◽

Western Cape ◽

Sexual Offences ◽

High Court ◽

The Law ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of ◽

Do So

This article asks the question: how do judges know what rape is and what it is not? The statutory definition contained in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act1 (SORMA) guides courts in adjudicating rape cases, and as such the definition is theirs to interpret and implement. This article analyses a small selection of recent judgements of the Western Cape High Court2 (WCHC) for answers. The article begins by establishing why judgements are an important source for understanding what rape means in society at large; it then discusses the relationship between power, language, and the law. This is followed by specific analyses of cases that show how patriarchy still defines how judges express themselves about rape. It concludes by looking at the institutional factors that discourage judges from adopting new ways of talking about rape, and their constitutional mandate to do so.

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Multi-Objective Pharmaceutical Portfolio Optimization under Uncertainty of Cost and Return

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9182339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 2339

Author(s):

Mahboubeh Farid ◽

Hampus Hallman ◽

Mikael Palmblad ◽

Johannes Vänngård

Keyword(s):

Portfolio Optimization ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Optimization Under Uncertainty ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Probability Of Success ◽

Low Probability ◽

Key Aspects ◽

The Cost ◽

Selection Of

This paper presents the study of multi-objective optimization of a pharmaceutical portfolio when both cost and return values are uncertain. Decision makers in the pharmaceutical industry encounter several challenges in deciding the optimal selection of drug projects for their portfolio since they have to consider several key aspects such as a long product-development process split into multiple phases, high cost and low probability of success. Additionally, the optimization often involves more than a single objective (goal) with a non-deterministic nature. The aim of the study is to develop a stochastic multi-objective approach in the frame of chance-constrained goal programming. The application of the results of this study allows pharmaceutical decision makers to handle two goals simultaneously, where one objective is to achieve a target return and another is to keep the cost within a finite annual budget. Finally, the numerical results for portfolio optimization are presented and discussed.

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FLEXIBILITY VS. SPECIALISATION IN RO-RO SHIPPING IN THE SOUTH BALTIC SEA

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2012.719544 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 250-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Johan Woxenius

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Transport System ◽

Open Systems ◽

The South ◽

Trade Off ◽

Short Sea Shipping ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Empirical Context ◽

Selection Of

The trade-off between flexibility and specialisation implies delicate tasks for transport system designers and marketing managers. The outcome of their efforts ranges from highly specialised solutions for a restricted number of users and types of cargoes to very open systems for common use adapted to accommodate a wide variety of transport demands. The purpose of this article is to adapt theories on openness and trade-offs, characterise a selection of flexible and specialised European short sea shipping concepts and analyse how substantial changes in the future character of the competition with road and rail can affect the development of ro-ro shipping in the South Baltic Sea. A matrix with commercial openness and technological openness on the axes is used for categorising sub-segments in the empirical context of the South Baltic Sea. Foreseeable changes in key cost and competition parameters until 2020 are taken into account in discussing potential scenarios. A plausible outcome for the ferry/ro-ro shipping segment is that a branch with slow services for unaccompanied freight will be diverted from the current homogenous market offerings. During the study, the Swedish Orient Line launched a service with these characteristics, which is analysed in a case study.

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