scholarly journals Implications of the Changing Pattern of Bacterial Infections following Total Joint Replacements

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ip ◽  
SK Yam ◽  
CK Chen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Culture ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Purpose. To retrospectively review the causative organisms isolated from infected hip and knee replacements requiring revision. Methods. We reviewed a consecutive series of 36 patients who underwent revision hip or knee arthroplasties due to bacterial infection at Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital in Hong Kong between 1995 and 2003. The male to female ratio was 1:2, and the mean age of patients was 70 years (range, 54–82 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 3.8 years (range, 1.1–8.3 years). No patient was lost to follow-up. All 14 revision knee patients had previously undergone cemented and patella-resurfacing total knee arthroplasties. Of the 22 revision hip patients, 9 had cementless, 6 had cemented, and 7 had hybrid total hip arthroplasties previously. Results. None of the bacteria isolated from 1995 to 1996 were multiple-drug resistant. Subsequently, however, most of the isolates were multiple-drug resistant, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being the most common. Half of the isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli demonstrated multiple-drug resistance. The incidence of positive culture in revision hip patients was 59%, 46% of which were MRSA. All 13 revision hips with positive cultures showed chronic sepsis: 4 occurred within one year and 10 occurred 2 or more years after the index arthroplasty. The incidence of positive culture in revision knee patients was 57%, 46% of which were MRSA. All 8 revision knees with positive cultures showed chronic sepsis: 3 occurred within one year, 5 occurred 2 or more years after the index arthroplasty. Only one patient, who was infected with gram-negative bacilli, required a second revision for residual sepsis. Harris hip scores for the revision hip patients improved from a mean of 65 (range, 55–75) to 85 (range, 75–90). Knee Society knee scores of the revision knee patients improved from a mean of 68 (range, 55–75) to 80 (range, 70–85). There were no radiological signs suggestive of loosening in the 2 groups at the latest follow-up. Conclusion. This study found a definite increase in multiple-drug–resistant bacteria isolated from periprosthetic infections around total hip and knee prostheses.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Multiple-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods Carrying the Metallo-β-Lactamase GeneblaIMP

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 2006-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Hirakata ◽  
Koichi Izumikawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiromu Takemura ◽  
Hironori Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Gram-negative rods (GNR) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaIMP, includingPseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in Japan. Although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution ofblaIMP-positive GNR in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. To address this, a system for the rapid detection of theblaIMP gene with a simple DNA preparation and by enzymatic detection of PCR products was developed. A total of 933 ceftazidime-resistant strains of GNR isolated between 1991 and 1996 at Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan, were screened for theblaIMP gene; 80 isolates were positive, including 53 P. aeruginosa isolates, 13 other glucose-nonfermenting bacteria, 13 S. marcescens isolates, and 1 Citrobacter freundii isolate. Most of the patients from whom blaIMP-positive organisms were isolated had malignant diseases (53.8%). The organisms caused urinary tract infections, pneumonia, or other infections in 46.3% of the patients, while they were just colonizing the other patients evaluated. It was possible that blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa strains contributed to the death of four patients, while the other infections caused by GNR carryingblaIMP were not lethal. DNA fingerprinting analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested the cross transmission of strains within the hospital. The isolates were ceftazidime resistant and were frequently resistant to other antibiotics. Although no particular means of pathogenesis ofblaIMP-positive GNR is evident at present, the rapid detection of such strains is necessary to help with infection control practices for the prevention of their dissemination and the transmission of the resistance gene to other pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals BIO-CONTROL OF MULTIPLE DRUG-RESISTANT UROPATHOGENS USING MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
VIGI CHAUDHARY ◽  
RAGHUVANSHI RK ◽  
NAVEEN CHAUDHARY ◽  
GAURAV SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of some medicinal plants used in Ayurveda in treating multiple drug-resistant human pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: Dried parts of six medicinal plants used in Ayurveda for treating UTI were Soxhlet extracted, and the extract was concentrated in vacuo. Various concentrations of the extract were tested for antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of multiple drug-resistant bacteria causing UTI. Results: Preliminary results showed the promising antibacterial effect of plant extracts. Escherichia coli, the most common pathogen associated with UTI, was susceptible to aqueous extracts of all the six medicinal plants. Conclusion: This study concluded that the medicinal plants used in Ayurveda to treat UTIs are effective against multiple drug-resistant uropathogens. Further study in this regard may lead to the identification of novel antimicrobial agent for treating multiple drug-resistant urinary tract pathogens.

Health outcomes of older patients colonized by multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB): A one-year follow-up study

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Schoevaerdts ◽  
Jean-Philippe Agelas ◽  
Marie-Gabrielle Ingels ◽  
Jacques Jamart ◽  
Malorie Frennet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ampicillin Destroy Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2768-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Brown ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
Tova A. Samuels ◽  
Jiangrui Lu ◽  
Sherine O. Obare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTWe show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals A Simple Assay to Screen Antimicrobial Compounds Potentiating the Activity of Current Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant problem in the management of bacterial infections, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Here, we suggest a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay to screen antimicrobial compounds from natural products or synthetic chemical libraries for their potential to work in tandem with the available antibiotics against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extract ofJuglans regiatree bark was tested against representative multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the aforementioned assay to determine whether it potentiates the activity of selected antibiotics. The aqueous extract ofJ. regiabark was added to Mueller-Hinton agar, followed by a lawn of multiple drug-resistant bacteria,Salmonella typhior enteropathogenicE. coli. Next, filter paper discs impregnated with different classes of antibiotics were placed on the agar surface. Bacteria incubated with extract or antibiotics alone were used as controls. The results showed a significant increase (>30%) in the zone of inhibition around the aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin discs compared with bacteria incubated with the antibiotics/extract alone. In conclusion, our assay is able to detect either synergistic or additive action ofJ. regiaextract against multiple drug-resistant bacteria when tested with a range of antibiotics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document