Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Concomitant Injuries and Access to Care following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to further define the impact of socioeconomic factors on the timing of ACL reconstruction. The secondary goal was to determine if these variables were associated with bucket handle tears of the meniscus at the time of surgery. Methods: All patients undergoing ACL reconstruction at our institution from October 2015 through November 2018 were sent a survey to determine socioeconomic variables, income, primary language, and education level. A chart review was then performed for insurance status, dates of injury, first visit with orthopeadics, and surgery, intraoperative pathology, and length of follow-up. Univariate analysis was performed, as well as multivariate regression analysis to select independent predictors of outcome variables. A multiple linear regression model with stepwise backward elimination was used for continuous outcome variables. Multivariate logistic analysis was used for the presence of a bucket handle meniscal tear at the time of surgery. Results: Univariate analysis was utilized to determine how insurance type, language spoken, education level, and family income affected: (1) the time from initial injury to clinic visit, (2) number of repeat injuries, and (3) frequency of bucket-handle meniscal tears (Table 1). Speaking a language other than English was associated with significantly longer times to seeing an orthopedic surgeon, more repeat injuries, and a higher likelihood of bucket-handle meniscal tears. Lower educational level correlated with longer wait times and more bucket-handle meniscal tears. Family income level less than $100,000 per year was also associated with a greater incidence of bucket-handle meniscal tears. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to further assess for independent predictors of outcomes. Patients on Medicaid saw an orthopaedic surgeon 39.4 weeks later than those on private insurance (P=0.012). English speakers saw an orthopaedic surgeon 55.68 weeks earlier than Spanish speakers (P=0.027), and patients with a college degree saw a surgeon 36 weeks earlier than patients without a college degree (P=0.023). Non-English speakers had an increased risk of having a bucket handle tear at the time of surgery (OR=4.62; 95CI%=1.677-21.33). Patients with an annual household income less than $100,000 were more likely to have a bucket handle tear (OR=7.37; 95CI%=1.20-53.39). English speakers had an average of 0.8 less instability episodes before surgery (P<0.001); income greater than $100,000/year had 0.25 less instability episodes before surgery (P=.040). Conclusions: Patients with government insurance and who were non-English-speaking experienced later access to care and later surgery after orthopaedic surgery evaluation. Non-English-speaking patients also experienced higher rates of repeat injury, instability, and bucket handle medial meniscus tears. Patients without a college degree also experienced later access to care. Patients with a household income less than $100,000 per year experienced higher rates of instability and bucket handle medial meniscus tears. Delayed access to orthopaedic care longer than 13 weeks was associated with higher rates of meniscus tears, and after 30 weeks bucket handle meniscus tears were significantly increased. These findings may inform the orthopaedic and broader medical communities of the impact of lower socioeconomic status on patients’ access to care and higher rates of concomitant injuries.

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Mid-term evaluation of clinical and functional outcomes after arthroscopic medial longitudinal and bucket-handle meniscus repair

Joint Diseases and Related Surgery ◽

10.52312/jdrs.2021.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 363-370

Author(s):

Raşit Özcafer ◽

Ferdi Dırvar ◽

Abdülhamit Mısır ◽

Yaşar Maksut Dinçel ◽

Mehmet Özbey Büyükkuşçu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Outcomes ◽

Meniscal Repair ◽

Control Group ◽

Meniscal Tears ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ikdc Score ◽

The Mean ◽

Bucket Handle Tear ◽

Bucket Handle

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes following the arthroscopic medial meniscal repair. Patients and methods: A total of 50 patients (42 males, 8 females; mean age: 32.9±7.6 years; range, 17 to 48 years) who underwent arthroscopic repair for longitudinal and bucket-handle medial meniscal tears between March 2005 and October 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups as those having a longitudinal tear (patient group, n=31) and having a bucket-handle tear (control group, n=19). Preoperative and final follow-up functional outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm Knee Score (LKS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner Activity Scale (TAS) score, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Results: The mean follow-up was 61.7±22.8 (range, 36 to 110) months. The mean preoperative LKS, IKDC score, TAS, and KOOS scores were significantly improved at the final postoperative follow-up (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in functional outcome scores between longitudinal and bucket-handle repairs (p>0.05), and isolated repairs and concomitant meniscal repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (p>0.05). Conclusion: Arthroscopic meniscal repair provides similar mid-term functional and clinical outcomes for longitudinal and bucket-handle medial meniscal tears. Concomitant meniscal repair does not seem to affect meniscal healing.

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Bilateral, Simultaneous Medial Meniscus Bucket Handle Tears in a 23-Year-Old Female

Case Reports in Orthopedics ◽

10.1155/2014/689130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brett Walker ◽

Andrew Limbert

Keyword(s):

Medial Meniscus ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Meniscal Tear ◽

Meniscal Tears ◽

Automobile Accident ◽

Meniscus Tears ◽

Pubmed Search ◽

Bucket Handle

Traumatic tears of the meniscus are well reported in the literature. Rarely, bilateral meniscal tears occur. A PubMed search found that only three cases of bilateral medial meniscus bucket handle type tears have been reported. Treatment options range from partial meniscectomy to repair of the meniscal tear. Repair is reported to be more successful in the vascular red-red or red-white zones. We present the case of a 23-year-old female who sustained simultaneous bilateral medial meniscus bucket handle type tears in an automobile accident. She was treated in a staged fashion with knee arthroscopy. Her meniscus tears were both found to be in the vascularized zone and meniscal tear repair was conducted. At two weeks postoperatively, she had excellent resolution of her symptoms and has returned to pain-free weight-bearing. She has remained pain-free at six-month follow-up.

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Comparison of Cases with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Accompanied by Simultaneous Medial Meniscus Bucket Handle Tear Repair and Isolated Medial Meniscus Bucket Handle Tear Repair

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722624 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yavuz Akalın ◽

Özgür Avcı ◽

Savaş İ. İnce ◽

Nazan Çevik ◽

İsmail G. Şahin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Success Rate ◽

Medial Meniscus ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Meniscus Tears ◽

The Mean ◽

Anterior Cruciate ◽

Bucket Handle Tear ◽

Bucket Handle

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the success of the all-inside repair technique for medial bucket-handle meniscus tear (BHMT) and the factors affecting healing. A total of 36 patients with BHMT who were operated between 2012 and 2018 and completed final follow-up examinations were included in the study. Functional evaluation was made with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score. Healing was evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices. The patients were evaluated with respect to the effect on healing of factors such as demographic data, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, anterior cruciate ligament tear reconstruction (ACLTR) applied at the same time as BHMT repair, and the tear being chronic or acute. The mean age of the patients was 28.6 ± 8.6 years (range,18–46 years), the mean follow-up period was 25.8 ± 13.9 months (range, 13–59 months), and BMI was mean 25.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2 (range, 20.1–30.5 kg/m2). The meniscus tears were acute in 16 (44.4%) patients and chronic in 20 (55.6%). ACLTR was applied together with BHMT repair in 25 patients. The hybrid technique, as the outside-in technique in addition to the all-inside technique, was applied to 12 (33.3%) patients, where there was seen to be extension to the anterior horn. The failure rate was determined as 27.8% according to the postoperative MRI evaluation and the Barrett criteria. No positive or negative statistically significant effect on healing was determined of chronic BHMT or of simultaneous application of ACLTR (p = 1.00 and 0.457, respectively). Cigarette smoking and high BMI were determined to have a statistically significant negative effect on healing (p = 0.026 and 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, it can be seen that the success of the all-inside technique for BHMT remains controversial. Due to the features of the application, it can be used in meniscus tears of the posterior horn only. In the current study, with the success rate of 72.2% of the all-inside technique in meniscus body tears, it was seen that a high success rate could not be achieved.

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Isolated Lateral Meniscal Tear in the Dog

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1633280 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 01 (03/04) ◽

pp. 152-154

Author(s):

S. Johnson ◽

D. Hulse

Keyword(s):

External Rotation ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Meniscal Tear ◽

Lateral Meniscus ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Human Beings ◽

Stifle Joint ◽

Microscopic Pathology ◽

Bucket Handle Tear ◽

Bucket Handle

degenerative changes of the involved stifle joint associated with a “bucket handle” tear of the caudal body of the lateral meniscus. Surgical excision of the torn section of meniscus was beneficial in the first patient but this patient had persistant difficulty with the leg after exercise. Gross and microscopic pathology of the involved stifle in the second patient showed the meniscal lesion to be associated with severe cartilage fibrillation of the overlying lateral femoral condyle. As in human beings, the mechanism of injury may have been placement of the foot during vigorous external rotation of the femur with the stifle flexed. Extension of the limb from this position could have resulted in an isolated tear of the lateral meniscus.

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GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA TENTANG PERILAKU SEKS BEBAS DI SMA/SMK KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU TAHUN 2016

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v6i1.82 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rini Mayasari Rini Mayasari

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Sex Behavior ◽

School Class ◽

Sufficient Knowledge ◽

High School Class ◽

Study Population ◽

The Impact ◽

Disease Free

ABSTRACT Free sex is a relationship that is done by men and women without matrimony. Various forms of sexual behavior, such as intimate dating, courtship, to have sexual contact. Factors associated with sex behavior among others, is the lack of knowledge about free sex, free sex impact, forms of promiscuity, perversion LGBT, and disease-free sex. This study design is the technique of sampling using quantitative indirectly using a questionnaire tools shaped questionnaires. Be knew overview of students' knowledge about sex in high school / vocational Lubuk Linggau Year 2016. The study population was high school class XII students in schools in the city Lubuklingga 2016. The sample in this study is the high school class XII students in 9 schools there in Lubuklinggau of 167 people. Results of univariate analysis showed respondent knowledge about free sex amounted to 48 people (28,74%), students with sufficient knowledge of 54 people (32,33%), and students with less knowledge of 65 people (38, 93%). Students with a good knowledge about the impact of free sex amounted to 57 (34,13%), students with sufficient knowledge of 69 people (41,31%), and students with less knowledge 41 (24,56%). Students with a good knowledge about the form of free sex amounted to 58 students (34,73%), students with sufficient knowledge totaled 49 peoples (29,34%), and students with less knowledge of 60 people (35,93%). Students with a good knowledge about LGBT amounted to 54 (32,34%), students with sufficient knowledge amounted to 68 peoples (40.71%), and students with less knowledge amounted 45 peoples (26,95%). Students with a good knowledge about the disease free sex amounted to 22 peoples (13,17%), students with sufficient knowledge of 39 peoples (23,35%), and students with less knowledge amounted to 106 peoples (63,48%). ABSTRAK Seks bebas merupakan hubungan yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan tanpa adanya ikatan perkawinan. Berbagai bentuk tingkah laku seksual, seperti berkencan intim, bercumbu, sampai melakukan kontak seksual. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seks bebas antara lain adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tentang seks bebas, dampak seks bebas, bentuk-bentuk seks bebas, penyimpangan LGBT, dan penyakit seks bebas. Desain penelitian ini adalah teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik kuantitatif yaitu secara tidak langsung menggunakan alat bantu angket berbentuk kuisener. Di ketahuinya gambaran pengetahuan siswa tentang seks bebas di SMA/SMK Kota Lubuk Linggau Tahun 2016. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMA di sekolah yang ada di Kota Lubuklingga tahun 2016. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMA di 9 sekolah yang ada di Kota Lubuklinggau yang berjumlah 167 orang. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukan respondent pengetahuan tentang seks bebas berjumlah 48 orang (28,74%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup 54 orang (32,33%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang 65 orang (38,93%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang dampak perilaku seks bebas berjumlah 57 orang (34,13%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup 69 orang (41,31%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang 41 orang (24, 56%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang bentuk perilaku seks bebas berjumlah 58 siswa (34,73%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 49orang (29,34%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 60 orang (35,93%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang LGBT berjumlah 54 orang (32,34%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 68 orang (40,71%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 45orang (26,95%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang penyakit seks bebas berjumlah 22 orang (13,17%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup 39 orang (23,35%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 106 orang (63,48%).

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POS1234 IMPACT OF THE CHANGE IN ADMINISTRATION ROUTE OF TOCILIZUMAB AND ABATACEPT, DUE TO THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON DISEASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 900.1-900

Author(s):

L. Diebold ◽

T. Wirth ◽

V. Pradel ◽

N. Balandraud ◽

E. Fockens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Route Of Administration ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Administration Route ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Impact

Background:Among therapeutics used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Tocilizumab (TCZ) and Abatacept (ABA) are both biologic agents that can be delivered subcutaneously (SC) or intravenously (IV). During the first COVID-19 lockdown in France, all patients treated with IV TCZ or IV ABA were offered the option to switch to SC administration.Objectives:The primary aim was to assess the impact of changing the route of administration on the disease activity. The second aim was to assess whether the return to IV route at the patient’s request was associated with disease activity variation, flares, anxiety, depression and low physical activity during the lockdown.Methods:We conducted a prospective monocentric observational study. Eligibility criteria: Adult ≥ 18 years old, RA treated with IV TCZ or IV ABA with a stable dose ≥3 months, change in administration route (from IV to SC) between March 16, 2020, and April 17, 2020. The following data were collected at baseline and 6 months later (M6): demographics, RA characteristics, treatment, history of previous SC treatment, disease activity (DAS28), self-administered questionnaires on flares, RA life repercussions, physical activity, anxiety and depression (FLARE, RAID, Ricci &Gagnon, HAD).The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a DAS28 variation>1.2 at M6. Analyses: Chi2-test for quantitative variables and Mann-Whitney test for qualitative variables. Factors associated with return to IV route identification was performed with univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Among the 84 patients who were offered to switch their treatment route of administration, 13 refused to change their treatment. Among the 71 who switched (48 TCZ, 23 ABA), 58 had a M6 follow-up visit (13 lost of follow-up) and DAS28 was available for 49 patients at M6. Main baseline characteristics: female 81%, mean age 62.7, mean disease duration: 16.0, ACPA positive: 72.4%, mean DAS28: 2.01, previously treated with SC TCZ or ABA: 17%.At M6, the mean DAS28 variation was 0.18 ± 0.15. Ten (12.2%) patients had a DAS28 worsening>1.2 (ABA: 5/17 [29.4%] and TCZ: 5/32 [15.6%], p= 0.152) and 19 patients (32.8%) had a DAS28 worsening>0.6 (ABA: 11/17 [64.7%] and TCZ: 8/32 [25.0%], p= 0.007).At M6, 41 patients (77.4%) were back to IV route (26 TCZ, 15 ABA) at their request. The proportion of patients with a DAS28 worsening>1.2 and>0.6 in the groups return to IV versus SC maintenance were 22.5%, 42.5% versus 11.1% and 22.2% (p=0.4), respectively. The univariate analysis identified the following factors associated with the return to IV route: HAD depression score (12 vs 41, p=0.009), HAS anxiety score (12 vs 41, p=0.047) and corticosteroid use (70% vs 100%, p=0.021), in the SC maintenance vs return to IV, respectively.Conclusion:The change of administration route of TCZ and ABA during the first COVID-19 lockdown was infrequently associated with a worsening of RA disease. However, the great majority of the patients (77.4%) request to return to IV route, even without disease activity worsening. This nocebo effect was associated with higher anxiety and depression scores.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Impact of COVID-19 on multiple sclerosis care and management: Results from the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis survey

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/13524585211005339 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135245852110053

Author(s):

Emilio Portaccio ◽

Mattia Fonderico ◽

Bernhard Hemmer ◽

Tobias Derfuss ◽

Bruno Stankoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Access To Care ◽

Online Survey ◽

Dimethyl Fumarate ◽

Standards Of Care ◽

Treatment Practices ◽

European Committee ◽

Disease Modifying Therapy ◽

Anti Cd20 ◽

The Impact

Background: The spread of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) poses unique challenges in the management of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: To collect data about the impact of COVID-19 emergency on access to care for PwMS and on MS treatment practices. Methods: Between March and July 2020, the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) promoted an online survey covering patient access to care, management of relapses and visits, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) and experience with COVID-19. Results: Three-hundred and sixty neurologists from 52 countries (68% from Europe) completed the survey. 98% reported COVID-19-related restrictions. Telemedicine was adopted to overcome the limited access to care and was newly activated (73%) or widely implemented (17%). 70% reported changes in DMT management. Interferons and glatiramer were considered safe. Dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide and fingolimod were considered safe except for patients developing lymphopenia. No modifications were considered for natalizumab in 64%, cladribine in 24%, anti-CD20 in 22% and alemtuzumab in 17%; 18% (for alemtuzumab and cladribine) and 43% (for anti-CD20) considered postponing treatment. Conclusion: The ECTRIMS survey highlighted the challenges in keeping standards of care in clinical practice. Telemedicine clearly needs to be implemented. Gathering data on DMT safety will remain crucial to inform treatment decisions.

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Chemotherapy Delays Are Associated with Inferior Outcome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center in South India

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (01) ◽

pp. 051-060

Author(s):

Vineet Agrawal ◽

Smita Kayal ◽

Prasanth Ganesan ◽

Biswajit Dubashi

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

Separate Analysis ◽

Term Survival ◽

Free Survival ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have evolved over time to give excellent cure rates in children and moderate outcomes in adults; however, little is known how delays in chemotherapy affect long-term survival. Objectives To find the association of delays during different treatment phases on the survival outcomes. Materials and Methods Data from 149 ALL cases treated between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment course in commonly used protocols was divided into three phases—induction, consolidation (postremission), maintenance, and also a combined intensive phase (induction plus consolidation) for the purpose of analysis, and delay in each phase was defined based on clinically acceptable breaks. Analysis was done to find the impact of treatment delay in each phase on the survival outcomes. Results The median age was 12 years (range, 1–57). Multi-center Protocol-841 (MCP-841) was used for 72%, German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL) for 19%, and Berlin, Frankfurt, Muenster, 95 protocol (BFM-95) for 9% of patients. Delay in induction was seen in 52%, consolidation in 66%, and during maintenance in 42% of patients. The median follow-up was 41 months, and 3-year survival outcomes for the entire cohort were event-free survival (EFS)—60%, relapse-free survival (RFS)—72%, and overall survival (OS)—68%. On univariate analysis, delay in induction adversely affected EFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, p = 0.04), while delay in intensive phase had significantly worse EFS and RFS (HR = 2.41 [p = 0.03] and HR = 2.57 [p = 0.03], respectively). On separate analysis of MCP-841 cohort, delay in intensive phase affected both EFS (HR = 3.85, p = 0.02) and RFS (HR = 3.42, p = 0.04), whereas delay in consolidation significantly affected OS with (HR = 4.74, p = 0.04) independently. Conclusion Treatment delays mostly in intensive phase are associated with worse survival in ALL; attempts should be made to maintain protocol-defined treatment intensity while adequately managing toxicities.

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A Positive Dermcidin Expression Is an Unfavorable Prognostic Marker for Extramammary Paget’s Disease

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11061086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1086

Author(s):

Shun Ohmori ◽

Yu Sawada ◽

Natsuko Saito-Sasaki ◽

Sayaka Sato ◽

Yoko Minokawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Paget’S Disease ◽

Paget's Disease ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Extramammary Paget’S Disease ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

The Impact ◽

Extramammary Paget's Disease

Extramammary Paget’s disease is recognized as an apocrine-origin cutaneous tumor and is localized in the intraepithelial skin lesion. However, its advanced form is intractable, and there is currently no therapeutic option with a satisfactory level of clinical outcome. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify a potential biomarker to estimate tumor advancement in extramammary Paget’s disease. Dermcidin is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the eccrine gland and is identified as a biomarker in various malignancies. To investigate the potential of dermcidin in extramammary Paget’s disease, we investigated dermcidin expression in tumors using the immunostaining technique. Although previous studies have reported that extramammary Paget’s disease has no positive staining against dermcidin, 14 out of 60 patients showed positive staining of dermcidin in our study. To clarify the characteristics of positive dermcidin in extramammary Paget’s disease, we investigated the clinical characteristics of positive dermcidin extramammary Paget’s disease patients. Positive dermcidin patients showed a significantly high frequency of lymph node metastasis. We next investigated the impact of positive dermcidin on overall survival. Univariate analysis identified that positive dermcidin showed a significantly increased hazard ratio in overall survival, suggesting that dermcidin might be a prognostic factor for extramammary Paget’s disease.

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A Survey of Marine Coastal Litters around Zhoushan Island, China and Their Impacts

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9020183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Xuehua Ma ◽

Yi Zhou ◽

Luyi Yang ◽

Jianfeng Tong

Keyword(s):

Rapid Development ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Local Environment ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Social Ecological ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Valuable Method ◽

Beach Litter ◽

The Impact

Rapid development of the economy increased marine litter around Zhoushan Island. Social-ecological scenario studies can help to develop strategies to adapt to such change. To investigate the present situation of marine litter pollution, a stratified random sampling (StRS) method was applied to survey the distribution of marine coastal litters around Zhoushan Island. A univariate analysis of variance was conducted to access the amount of litter in different landforms that include mudflats, artificial and rocky beaches. In addition, two questionnaires were designed for local fishermen and tourists to provide social scenarios. The results showed that the distribution of litter in different landforms was significantly different, while the distribution of litter in different sampling points had no significant difference. The StRS survey showed to be a valuable method for giving a relative overview of beach litter around Zhoushan Island with less effort in a future survey. The questionnaire feedbacks helped to understand the source of marine litter and showed the impact on the local environment and economy. Based on the social-ecological scenarios, governance recommendations were provided in this paper.

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