Occupational and Organizational Effects on Wages among College-educated Workers in 2003 and 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Sakamoto ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Job Matching ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Organizational Effects ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
College Educated

We investigate the 2003 and 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to study the effects of education, job matching, employer characteristics, and occupation on wage inequality among college-educated workers. Various measures of workers’ bargaining power are considered in conjunction with indicators of employers’ rents. These organizational variables have been mostly ignored in recent research that has emphasized three-digit occupational codes. After controlling for organizational variables, our findings indicate that the incremental R2 uniquely attributable to occupation is small and increased only slightly between 2003 and 2010. As a proportion of the total explained variance, the component attributable to occupation actually declined. By contrast, after controlling for occupation, the incremental R2 attributable to organizational variables increased more substantially. Our results imply that wage inequality among college-educated workers is now more directly affected by employee bargaining power and employer rents than by occupation.

scholarly journals Beyond the “STEM Pipeline”: Expertise, Careers, and Lifelong Learning

Minerva ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Skrentny ◽  
Kevin Lewis
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Stem Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Stem Pipeline

AbstractStudies of education and careers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) commonly use a pipeline metaphor to conceptualize forward movement and persistence. However, the “STEM pipeline” carries implicit assumptions regarding length (i.e. that it “starts” and “stops” at specific stages in one’s education or career), contents (i.e. that some occupational fields are “in” the pipeline while others are not), and perceived purpose (i.e. that “leakage,” or leaving STEM, constitutes failure). Using the National Survey of College Graduates, we empirically measure each of these dimensions. First, we show that a majority of STEM workers report skills training throughout their careers, suggesting no clear demarcation between education and work. Second, we show that using on-the-job expertise requirements (rather than occupational titles) paints a very different portrait of the STEM workforce—and persistence in it (where substantial attrition remains evident, especially among women and African Americans). Third, we show that STEM-educated workers are well-prepared for but dissatisfied with non-STEM jobs, complicating our understanding of leaving. Collectively, these results recommend expanded conceptions of STEM education and careers and contribute to studies of science and engineering workforce transitions and diversity.

scholarly journals Inequality between capital and labour and among wage-earners: the role of collective bargaining and trade unions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Maarten Keune
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Union Density ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Union Bargaining Power ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of rising inequality between capital and labour and among wage-earners in Europe, this state-of-the-art article reviews the literature concerning the relationship between collective bargaining and inequality. It focuses on two main questions: (i) what is the relationship between collective bargaining, union bargaining power and inequality between capital and labour? and (ii) what is the relationship between collective bargaining, union bargaining power and wage inequality among wage-earners? Both questions are discussed in general terms and for single- and multi-employer bargaining systems. It is argued that collective bargaining coverage and union density are negatively related to both types of inequality. These relationships are however qualified by four additional factors: who unions represent, the weight of union objectives other than wages, the statutory minimum wage, and extensions of collective agreements by governments.

scholarly journals Women’s Educational Attainment and Fertility in the United States among Generation Xers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Zang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Generation Xers

This study is the first to systematically examine the educational differentials in fertility levels and timing across four 5-year cohorts among Generation Xers in the United States. Little attention has been paid to the relationship between U.S. women’s educational attainments and fertility behaviors among those born after 1960 by previous studies. Results reveal that the cohort Total Fertility Rate among college graduates is lower than those of the less educated. However, there is evidence of an emerging trend: an increasing proportion of college-educated women with two children have transitioned to a third. Although college-educated women postpone first births, they tend to ‘catch up’ by spacing higher-order births closer to first births compared to the less-educated.

College cops: a study of education and policing in California

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Education ◽  
The Usa ◽  
College Educated

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the state of police education in California. There is limited national data on the topic and this study aims to improve our knowledge by studying the state with the highest number of law enforcement officers in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 162 local law enforcement agencies (police and sheriffs’ departments) in California completed a 32-question electronic survey about police education and training. Findings – Findings reveal that California agencies are more likely than agencies nationwide to offer incentives to encourage officers to pursue higher education. Although most departments require only a high school diploma, 35 percent of sworn officers are college graduates. Most college-educated officers are employed by medium and large sized agencies in urban counties which pay above-average salaries. Research limitations/implications – This paper demonstrates how the prevalence of educated police officers varies and that higher education requirements do not adversely affect the hiring of female officers. It also provides insight from police managers regarding their concerns about requiring a four-year degree and perceptions of whether college-educated officers are actually better officers than non-college-educated officers. Practical implications – Research findings may be instructive to police managers wanting to increase the number of sworn officers in their agency who hold a college degree. Originality/value – It adds to the literature by describing the education level of police officers in California and providing information about the educational requirements and incentives offered to officers by law enforcement agencies. No previous study has addressed this topic, even though California employs 12 percent of all sworn peace officers in the USA.

Does College Education Pay? Evidence From The NLSY-79 Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diamando Afxentiou ◽  
Paul Kutasovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Over Time

This study examines if the college wage premium favoring college graduates still exists. The NLSY-79 data is employed. The sample includes individuals who received their high school degree and college degree in 1980 and 1981. These individuals were followed until the year 2004. A cross sectional regression model was estimated for the years 1982, 1994, and 2004 and found that education, occupation, and gender were the primary determinants of wages. The income gap between college educated workers and high school educated workers has widen over time. Most interestingly, it is the stagnation of high school educated workers that accounts for the gap.

scholarly journals Public Comment on the National Science Foundation’s Information Collection Request: 2019 National Survey of College Graduates (FR Doc. 2018-12622)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Freeman ◽  
Adam P. Romero ◽  
Laura Durso
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
National Science ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Scientific Workforce ◽  
The U.S

We respectfully submit this public comment in response to the National Science Foundation's proposed information collection request related to the 2019 National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG), published in the Federal Register at 83 FR 27354 by the National Science Foundation on June 12, 2018. We outline the importance of including sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI) demographic measures on the NSCG (and related NSF surveys) for advancing the U.S. scientific workforce, and the feasibility and precedent in implementing SO/GI measures in government surveys. The comment is cosigned by 17 scientific organizations and 244 scientists, engineers, and legal and policy scholars.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Gender and Race on Earnings in the Library Science Labor Market

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Sweeper ◽  
Steven A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
National Survey ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates, this paper examines earnings in the library science labor market and assesses the impact of gender on the income attainment process. We use this cross-sectional dataset to determine if there are significant income differences between male and female library science professionals. The approach taken in this paper is to build a theoretical model of income attainment for librarians. We then discuss the methodology used to analyze the data and test the model, followed by a discussion of the results and recommendations for further research.

scholarly journals Data Fusion for Correcting Measurement Errors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-200
Author(s):  
Tracy Schifeling ◽  
Jerome P Reiter ◽  
Maria Deyoreo
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Unrealistic Assumption ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Fusion Framework

AbstractOften in surveys, key items are subject to measurement errors. Given just the data, it can be difficult to determine the extent and distribution of this error process and, hence, to obtain accurate inferences that involve the error-prone variables. In some settings, however, analysts have access to a data source on different individuals with high-quality measurements of the error-prone survey items. We present a data fusion framework for leveraging this information to improve inferences in the error-prone survey. The basic idea is to posit models about the rates at which individuals make errors, coupled with models for the values reported when errors are made. This can avoid the unrealistic assumption of conditional independence typically used in data fusion. We apply the approach on the reported values of educational attainments in the American Community Survey, using the National Survey of College Graduates as the high-quality data source. In doing so, we account for the sampling design used to select the National Survey of College Graduates. We also present a process for assessing the sensitivity of various analyses to different choices for the measurement error models. Supplemental material is available online.

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