scholarly journals Uneven Development and Shifting Socioecological Rifts: Some Unintended Consequences of Dolphin Conservation in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311876223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
The People ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Natural Resource Managers ◽  
Depth Interviews

As sites of global environmental degradation continue to emerge and pose significant threats to life on the planet, the world’s natural resource managers persist in attempts to mitigate and reverse this degradation. However, these mitigation attempts often employ capitalist mechanisms as solutions to problems caused by capitalism. I used one-on-one in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation to examine the socioenvironmental changes associated with an Irrawaddy dolphin conservation project in Cambodia from the perspectives and experiences of the people most affected by the project. I argue that the inability of capitalist mechanisms to address the interconnectedness of “social” and “environmental” problems resulting from capitalism, in this case, appear to have served to exacerbate social inequality and to shift the project’s targeted ecological rift from the rivers to the forests. I also introduce the term “Whack-A-Mole” conservation to refer to this tendency of neoliberal conservation to simply shift socioecological rifts.

scholarly journals FAKTOR KRIMINOGEN ILLEGAL MINING TIMAH DI BANGKA BELITUNG

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interviews

Bangka Belitung’s tin wealth on the downside has led to rampant illegal mining practices. This research aims to determine the root causes of illegal mining. Data collection was done through literature studies, field observations, participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with key informants from miners to policy makers, as well as law enforcement officers. The study finds there are eight criminogenic factors, namely tin disorientation governance, political control of tin, tin abundant, areas prone to smuggling, economic needs of the people and the elite, low awareness of law and and environment, nonoptimal guidance and supervision, and ineffective law enforcement.Kekayaan timah Bangka Belitung pada sisi negatifnya telah menimbulkan maraknya praktik Illegal mining. Tujuan penelitian antaralain untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya illegal mining. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur, pengamatan lapangan, observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dan FGD yang dengan para key informan dari pelaku tambang sampai pengambil kebijakan, serta aparat penegak hukum. Penelitian ini menemukan ada 8 (delapan) faktorkriminogen terjadinya illegal mining timah, yaitu disorientasi tata kelola pertimahan, politik penguasaan timah, timah yang melimpah, daerah rawan penyelundupan, kebutuhan ekonomi rakyat dan elit, rendahnya kesadaran hukum dan lingkungan, pembinaan dan pengawasan belum optimal dan penegakan hukum yang belum efektif.

scholarly journals Acculturation and Traditional Mortuary Rites of the Nawfia of Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu T. Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Igbo People ◽  
Data Collection Strategy ◽  
Spirit World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Depth Interviews

This ethnography explores the traditional mortuary rites of the Nawfia, an Igbo group of Southeast Nigeria, aiming to understand the mortuary rites of the Nawfia, how and why it has changed and the factors responsible for the changes. The main data collection strategy was participant observation that began in April 2014. It was supplemented with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study found Christianity as a major acculturative factor that has altered almost all the facets of the traditional mortuary rites of the Nawfia Igbo. Furthermore, mortuary rites do not only reinforce social solidarity among the Nawfia Igbo people but also according to what the Nawfia people believe, enable the deceased to attain his rightful position in the spirit world.

Swat Conflict in Retrospect: Violence and Jarga among the Swat Pukhtuns in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Syed Wasif Azim ◽  
Wajid Mehmood ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Personal Observation ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Depth Interviews

Violent conflicts have perpetual and perennial impacts on societies. Culture and ethnic identities of the people are no exception. This study reflects the impacts of conflict and violence on culture, specifically a single cultural code known as Jarga. Methodologically, the study is based on an ethnographic fieldwork, comprised of 45 open-ended and in-depth interviews, five Focus Group Discussions and personal observation in Swat. Through the conflict in Swat and Pukhtun cultural code of Jarga, it contends that the conflict and violence in Swat has multiple and significant impacts for Jarga. Jarga on higher level, like the Swat Qaumi Jarga (Swat National Jarga) has been more active since the conflict started in 2007, while Jarga on lower (village) level has lost its practice in many areas of Swat. Militants and Pakistani state have been often involved in forming, using, and manipulating Jargas in Swat amidst the conflict. Moreover, the conflict has repercussions for Tanzeems (local organizations) and committees, which were sharing work and place with Jarga in Swat. The state institutions have introduced Village Defence Committees which have bypassed all the existing committees and organizations mainly due to their enhanced powers. These processes have added to ‘defaming’ the cultural ideals, which is socially an unacceptable and detrimental development for Pukhtun society. It has been concluded that conflict and violence impact the markers and codes of cultural and ethnic distinctiveness.

scholarly journals Discourses on Sexuality and Sexual Health Perspectives among Wachemo University Students, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feleke Doyore Agide ◽  
Elham Shakibazad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The People ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Analyze Data

BACKGROUND: Sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life. Discourse analysis is used to understand discussion, conversation, talk, dialogue, debate, consultation and chat in the people perception and language. Therefore, this study aims to explore sexuality and sexual health perspectives among Wachemo University students in Ethiopia.METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in Hosanna Town among Wachemo University students. A criterion related sampling (purposive sampling) was used to select a variety of young people. Eight focus group discussions and four in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data was transcribed first and translated from Amharic into English. Atlas ti.7 software was used to analyze data. Then, their discourses were stated in narration and direct quotation.RESULT: Discursive explanation of words and languages differ in different sub-cultures and societies. Languages and vocabularies were mostly attached to sexual relationships, love, affiliation and intention to be intimate with the opposite sex on a campus. This affiliation is known as “campus life”. The students' perspectives of what constitutes sexuality and sexual health were quite consistent. However, approaching opposite sex with unique languages and words depends on individual talents.CONCLUSION: Discursive expressions of sexuality issues are becoming complex than ever in this generation. Therefore, further research is needed to reach this group with a variety of interventions through concurrent triangulation of qualitative research and longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Model of Development of Ruhul Islam In Bandung Islamic University

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rachmat Effendi ◽  
Edi Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Special Program ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study examines the quality of the development model of ruhul Islam and the increase in the diversity of lecturers and employees at Bandung Islamic University. The aim is to analyze the involvement of Unisba’s lecturers and employees in the development of Ruhul Islam. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, while data collection techniques are carried out through participant observation, literature study, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions. The results show that: first, the policy of developing the so-called the Spirit of Islam is carried out consistently; second, the development of the Ruhul Islam model is implemented by increasing the diversity of lecturers and employees already in line with the tridharma of higher education; and third, increasing the diversity of lecturers and employees is carried out systematically through a special program by the Islamic Studies Institute. The level of diversity can affect the development of the Ruhul Islam in the end. This research can be used as a model by other Islamic universities and it is expected to contribute scientifically to the development of Islamic studies.

Nomadic Migration and Rural Violence in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-95
Author(s):  
Nsemba Edward Lenshie ◽  
Patience Kondu Jacob
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
North East ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

The relationship between Fulani herdsmen and farmers has in recent years become hot-tempered motivated by competitive control of land resources, particularly in central and north-east Nigeria. In Taraba State, the ongoing nomadic migration pattern from the Sahel in quest of pastures has led to violent confrontation between Fulani herdsmen and farming indigenous natives. Using a descriptive approach consisting of documented evidence, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, the analysis revealed that conflicts between Fulani herdsmen and indigenous native farmers have culminated in population displacement and destruction of life and property in numerous rural enclaves in Taraba State. Despite the consequences of the conflicts, the Taraba State government was unable to act proactively because of the centralization of command over Nigerian security agencies. Accordingly, the study suggests decentralization of security agencies in Nigeria, especially the police, as the way forward for effective security governance in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums (NECS) Study Protocol: a mixed-methods exploration of paid early childcare in Mukuru slum, Nairobi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000822
Author(s):  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage ◽  
Zelee Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Early Childcare ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Childcare Providers

IntroductionThe early years are critical. Early nurturing care can lay the foundation for human capital accumulation with lifelong benefits. Conversely, early adversity undermines brain development, learning and future earning.Slums are among the most challenging places to spend those early years and are difficult places to care for a child. Shifting family and work structures mean that paid, largely informal, childcare seems to be becoming the ‘new normal’ for many preschool children growing up in rapidly urbanising Africa. However, little is known about the quality of this childcare.AimsTo build a rigorous understanding what childcare strategies are used and why in a typical Nairobi slum, with a particular focus on provision and quality of paid childcare. Through this, to inform evaluation of quality and design and implementation of interventions with the potential to reach some of the most vulnerable children at the most critical time in the life course.Methods and analysisMixed methods will be employed. Qualitative research (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with parents/carers will explore need for and decision-making about childcare. A household survey (of 480 households) will estimate the use of different childcare strategies by parents/carers and associated parent/carer characteristics. Subsequently, childcare providers will be mapped and surveyed to document and assess quality of current paid childcare. Semistructured observations will augment self-reported quality with observable characteristics/practices. Finally, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with childcare providers will explore their behaviours and motivations. Qualitative data will be analysed through thematic analysis and triangulation across methods. Quantitative and spatial data will be analysed through epidemiological methods (random effects regression modelling and spatial statistics).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted in the UK and Kenya. Findings will be disseminated through journal publications, community and government stakeholder workshops, policy briefs and social media content.

scholarly journals Political Vigilante Groups in Ghana: Violence or Democracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
Justice Richard Kwabena Owusu Kyei ◽  
Lidewyde H. Berckmoes
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Depth Interviews

Literature on political vigilante groups has centred on the violence and conflict that emanate from their activities. This article approaches political vigilante groups as political actors who engage in political mobilisation and participation and therewith also contribute to nation state building. It explores how such groups participate in Ghana’s democratic governance and asks whether violence is an inevitable characteristic. The article builds on individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with political vigilante group members in Kumasi and Tamale in 2019. Findings show that political vigilante “youth” appeared to refer primarily to the social position attributed to non-elite groups in the political field. Political vigilante groups are multi-faceted in their organisational structures, membership, and activities both during electoral campaigns and during governing periods. While some groups revert to violence occasionally, the study concludes that political vigilante groups, in enabling different voices to be heard, are also contributing to democratic governance.

Sexual and Reproductive Health Information and Experiences Among Syrian Refugee Adolescent Girls in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-998
Author(s):  
L’Emira Lama El Ayoubi ◽  
Sawsan Abdulrahim ◽  
Maia Sieverding
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Source Of Information

Providing adolescent girls with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information protects them from risks and improves their well-being. This qualitative study, conducted in Lebanon, examined Syrian refugee adolescent girls’ access to SRH information about and experiences with puberty and menarche, sex, marriage, contraception, and pregnancy. We gathered data through three focus group discussions (FGDs) with unmarried adolescent girls, 11 in-depth interviews with early-married adolescents, and two FGDs with mothers. Our findings highlighted that adolescent participants received inadequate SRH information shortly before or at the time of menarche and sexual initiation, resulting in experiences characterized by anxiety and fear. They also revealed discordance between girls’ views of mothers as a preferred source of information and mothers’ reluctance to communicate with their daughters about SRH. We advance that mothers are important entry points for future interventions in this refugee population and offer recommendations aimed to improve adolescent girls’ SRH and rights.

An Anthropological Analysis of Evil Eye, Evil Spirits, and Ancestral Spirits Afflictions: Parengi Porja Tribal Women Views About Illness Etiologies and Its Treatment Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-283
Author(s):  
Srividhya Samakya V. ◽  
T. Subramanyam Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Tribal Women

This article aims to understand the perception of Parengi Porja’s ways of illness treatments and health management. The Parengi Porja is a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Population (PVTG), inhabiting the hilly regions of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. They strongly believe in supernatural agents as being the cause of illness. For this study, the Parengi Porja tribal mothers were purposively selected from five villages situated in the study district. We used participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, case studies, and semistructured interview schedules. We conducted five focus group discussions (FGDs) to understand the reasons for illness, and its diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Data types include demographic variables, incidences of illnesses, and their management. The study shows that this tribal population has its own understanding about the illness etiology and management strategy to regain healthy life.

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