scholarly journals Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Marien ◽  
Ruud Custers ◽  
Henk Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Stimulus ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Independent Behavior

Human habits are considered to be an important root of societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in societal context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in societal context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in societal context.

The Role of Music in Counseling Services

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathania Pramendra Yaslim
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Counseling Practice ◽  
Definition Of

Music has become a part of human life. Even in daily life of few individuals will be lacking if they are not accompanied by music at all. The bond between humans and music was finally used as an innovation to help individuals who need help. Music therapy was created to help someone through their problems using media that is familiar to humans, namely music. This literature review aims to understand as well as explore the basic role of music in counseling services. This literature review will focus on the definition of music therapy, music therapy in counseling practice, principles of music therapy, music therapy techniques, and the types of music used.

scholarly journals Adipocytes in hematopoiesis and acute leukemia: friends, enemies, or innocent bystanders?

Leukemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 2305-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Zinngrebe ◽  
Klaus-Michael Debatin ◽  
Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The bone marrow is home to well-balanced normal hematopoiesis, but also the stage of leukemia’s crime. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a unique and versatile component of the bone marrow niche. While the importance of MAT for bone health has long been recognized, its complex role in hematopoiesis has only recently gained attention. In this review article we summarize recent conceptual advances in the field of MAT research and how these developments impact our understanding of MAT regulation of hematopoiesis. Elucidating routes of interaction and regulation between MAT and cells of the hematopoietic system are essential to pinpoint vulnerable processes resulting in malignant transformation. The concept of white adipose tissue contributing to cancer development and progression on the cellular, metabolic, and systemic level is generally accepted. The role of MAT in malignant hematopoiesis, however, is controversial. MAT is very sensitive to changes in the patient’s metabolic status hampering a clear definition of its role in different clinical situations. Here, we discuss future directions for leukemia research in the context of metabolism-induced modifications of MAT and other adipose tissues and how this might impact on leukemia cell survival, proliferation, and antileukemic therapy.

scholarly journals Revolutionary medicine: a response to corporatizing healthcare in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Kona
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Definition Of

This article explores Che Guevara’s notion of “revolutionary medicine” and how it is imperative to challenge the corporatization of healthcare in a developing nation such as India where millions live under subhuman conditions owing to lack of basic necessities that constitute any definition of a human life. With the corporatization of healthcare the deprivation gets further magnified creating the grounds for a social revolution. The notion of “revolutionary medicine” helps us analyze the role of corporatization of healthcare in furthering the haves-have nots divide, the need for nationalization of healthcare, the possibilities of a social revolution and the role of a revolutionary doctor in changing the order. Political institutions are formed upon the consideration of what will frequently tend to the good of the whole, although now and then exceptions may occur. Thus it is better in general that a nation should have a supreme legislative power, although it may at times be abused.

scholarly journals "in dem moment wo ich es dann erkenne dann ist es auch gleich wieder weg" – Salienzeffekte in der Sprachperzeption

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ada Anders ◽  
Nicole Palliwoda ◽  
Saskia Schröder
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Perceptual Dialectology ◽  
Language Area ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Definition Of

In context of the first study on folk linguistic concepts in the German language area carried out by the Kiel DFG research project "perceptual dialectology", this article looks at how salient features could be surveyed and categorized by a stimulus-response-test. After a definition of salience, the study design including the stimulus-response-test is presented. The test was created and modified during the project as a guessing game by the Institute for German Language (IDS Mannheim). The central question in this article is which linguistic features stimulate the informants to locate a speech sample on a map with predetermined cities and hence which salient features trigger the regional identification. In a second step, the speech samples are analyzed by the variables 'pleasantness' and 'correctness' defined by Dennis R. Preston. The central question here is: Are speech samples with a high pleasure value also automatically considered correct? Finally, an interpretation of metalinguistic comments in the speech examples will give more insight into folk linguistic concepts and the role of salient features in this regard.

Symbolic Aspects of Nutrition Vocabulary in the Turkic Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Amantai Sh. Znilkubaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Spiritual Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Age Relations

The article uses a lot of factual material to reveal the role of ethnographisms associated with cooking during the most significant moments of human life: birth, wedding, burial. The connection of symbolism with ritual is revealed.The purpose of the article is based on the specifics of the work caused by the need for a linguoculturological description of the vocabulary of nutrition, the definition of extralinguistic factors (customs, traditions and religious beliefs) in the formation, development and functioning, as well as the disclosure of the symbolic essence of this LSH.The relevance of the article is determined by the need for linguistic and cultural understanding of the food vocabulary, which is widely reflected in paremia, concepts, phraseological units, and customs as the most stable lexical and semantic categories of the Turkic languages (more than 2 000 lexical and phraseological units).The material of the study was the vocabulary of nutrition of the Turkic languages. The main methods used in the work are descriptive, comparative, and interpretive.The reception and serving of food among the Turkic peoples and their reflection in customs and traditions are symbolic relations between people connected by social, gender, and age relations. For example, the symbolism of food associated with the birth of a child has its roots in the distant past of the Turkic people and means a sacrifice for the successful birth of a woman. These rituals include: preparing special meals to speed childbirth: Garissa (lit. Competition with the cauldron, where food is cooked), preparing special dishes: sut burysh, IIT mun, burial of the bones of a 「am slaughtered for a woman in labor, gnawing the neck vertebrae of a ram without a knife, burning meat, etc. These traditions are a symbol of introducing the baby to a new life denoting the appearance of a new person. As a result of the analysis of this thematic group, it was revealed that traditional household rituals are the most stable basis of the ethnic spiritual culture of the Turkic peoples, many symbolic actions related to food are common, which once again confirms the hypothesis of genetic kinship of these peoples.The concept of linguoculturological research of customs and traditions as one of the current trends in linguistics opens up new aspects of the relationship and connection of language and spiritual culture, language and folk mentality, language and folk art. In the conceptual picture of the world and the national - cultural context, the question of the place and role of the studied LSH is very significant.The scientific novelty of the research consists in the linguistic and cultural understanding of one of the traditionally established and most stable lexical and semantic categories of the Turkic languages - the vocabulary of nutrition. Such studies in modern linguistics have not been sofer conducted. Keywords: food vocabulary, symbols, ritual, linguoculturology, ethnographism, customs, traditions, conceptual picture of the world

Role of ICT for Community in Education During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-150
Author(s):  
Raja Sher Afgun Usmani ◽  
Anum Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Life Education ◽  
Smart Communities

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel strain of Coronavirus. COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic on 11th March 2020, and it has impacted almost every aspect of human life. Education is crucial to individuals and society, and COVID-19 has affected educational systems worldwide. According to UNESCO monitoring, over 100 countries have implemented nationwide closures, impacting nearly 90% of the world's student population. In this chapter, the authors discuss how ICT is helping the community during COVID-19 and how it is catering to the young population's education needs. The demographics of COVID-19, along with an aging population, are explored. The authors then focus on the education sector and the challenges for education from school to universities. Furthermore, they look into how ICT facilitates education in the COVID-19 pandemic and the issues and challenges ICT faces in implementing online education. In the end, they discuss the role of ICT in developing communities and the future directions of online education for the development of smart communities.

Pleasure: A History

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Early Islamic

This book challenges received views about pleasures as principally motivating of action, themselves unanalyzable, caused, rather than responsive to reasons, and perhaps because of that, antithetical to rationality by looking to the history of philosophical accounts of pleasure. The book begins by showing how Plato, Aristotle, early Islamic philosophers, and philosophers in the medieval Latin tradition, such as Aquinas, honed in on the challenge unifying the variety of pleasures so that they fall under one concept. In the early modern period, philosophers shift from understanding the logic of pleasure to treating pleasure as a mental state. As the studies of Malebranche, Berkeley, and Kant show, the central problem becomes understanding the relation of pleasure to other sensory experiences and so the role of pleasure in human cognition and knowledge. The Reflections, on visual representations in seventeenth-century classrooms and the difficult music of composers like Bach, demonstrate translation of these concerns to cultural production in the period. As the essay on Mill demonstrates, the nineteenth-century development of scientific psychology narrows the definition of pleasure, and so the philosophical focus. Contemporary accounts of pleasure, in both philosophy and psychology, are now recognizing the limitations of this narrow focus, and once again recognizing the complexity of pleasure and so of its role in human life.

Disentangling bilingualism from SLI: Dissociating exposure and input

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON ARMON-LOTEM
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Learning Problem ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Word Boundaries ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Definition Of

Exposure and input are often used interchangeably in the study of child bilingualism to describe the learner's interaction with her environment. Carroll (Carroll), in her thought-provoking keynote article, challenges the equation between amount of exposure and amount of input necessary for acquiring a language, and in particular a second language. Carroll, whose diverse research borrows from both generative and psychological models of learning, brings these two perspectives into her exploration of the role of exposure and input in language acquisition, calling for a clearer definition of each. Carroll argues that the input to the language acquisition mechanism is the abstract construct necessary in order to solve the learning problem, and it is not a function of the amount of exposure: very little input is necessary in order to solve a learning problem, e.g., identifying word boundaries, or acquiring a syntactic structure. While scrutinizing the equation often drawn between exposure and input, Carroll further argues that the amount of exposure further misses the quality of this exposure as well as the societal context in which this exposure occurs.

scholarly journals Thymus-Pineal Gland Axis: Revisiting Its Role in Human Life and Ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Rita Rezzani ◽  
Caterina Franco ◽  
Rüdiger Hardeland ◽  
Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
Circadian Oscillators ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

For years the thymus gland (TG) and the pineal gland (PG) have been subject of increasingly in-depth studies, but only recently a link that can associate the activities of the two organs has been identified. Considering, on the one hand, the well-known immune activity of thymus and, on the other, the increasingly emerging immunological roles of circadian oscillators and the rhythmically secreted main pineal product, melatonin, many studies aimed to analyse the possible existence of an interaction between these two systems. Moreover, data confirmed that the immune system is functionally associated with the nervous and endocrine systems determining an integrated dynamic network. In addition, recent researches showed a similar, characteristic involution process both in TG and PG. Since the second half of the 20th century, evidence led to the definition of an effectively interacting thymus-pineal axis (TG-PG axis), but much has to be done. In this sense, the aim of this review is to summarize what is actually known about this topic, focusing on the impact of the TG-PG axis on human life and ageing. We would like to give more emphasis to the implications of this dynamical interaction in a possible therapeutic strategy for human health. Moreover, we focused on all the products of TG and PG in order to collect what is known about the role of peptides other than melatonin. The results available today are often unclear and not linear. These peptides have not been well studied and defined over the years. In this review we hope to awake the interest of the scientific community in them and in their future pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals Municipal state policy: ontological and normative approaches to determining the elemental composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Ruslan Hwan
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of this article is to study the ontological and normative approaches to determining the elemental composition ofmunicipal legal policy. It is shown that the special and strategic role of municipal legal policy is determined and determined primarilyby its human dimension – it is characterized by direct anthropologization and personalization, because it arises at the junction of lawand society, law and man, individual and collective, private and public.It is pointed out that municipal legal policy is essentially a systematic, comprehensive and systematically grounded and formali -zed municipal strategy, which makes it possible to better understand the nature and content of local government and the axiological andexistential value of the territorial community. the human life cycle is carried out – and for the proper organization of such a policy theneed for strategic thinking, strategic planning is objectified – both for further development of territorial communities, through awarenessof the importance of forming a vision of future local development priorities and setting appropriate goals and objectives to achievethem , which includes determining the elemental composition of such a policy.It is proved that the definition of the elemental composition of municipal legal policy is possible in two ways: either by determiningthe elemental composition of policy as such, or by determining the elemental composition of the species characteristics of legalpolicy (state, legislative, etc.). It is argued that the definition of the elemental composition of municipal legal policy is of great importancenot only for determining the axiology of such policy, it has great praxeological potential, because it gives an idea of the structuraland technological characteristics of such policy, the impact of which may contribute to its formation, development , improvement, definition of strategic priorities in the process of its implementation.

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