The Dying Water Heritage of Sarkhej Roza

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Gargi Mishra ◽  
Prasenjit Shukla ◽  
Mona Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Importance ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Sarkhej Roza, a fifteenth century complex comprising of the mausoleum, mosque and cascade of natural and man-made lakes, and located in peri-urban Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, is presently a heritage site of national importance under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Originally, the Sarkhej lake was excavated to serve the religious purpose of ablution, recreation and climate conditioning that were quite functional until the late twentieth century before rapid urbanization in the catchment of its adjacent interconnected feeder Makarba lake took place. Unfettered development in the past two decades has encroached the common catchment of Makarba–Sarkhej lake cascade by almost 50 per cent. The then perennial sacred Sarkhej lake is now a drying sewage disposal site. Sarkhej Roza has received considerable attention for conserving built heritage aesthetically in the past. Since it is the duty of all stakeholders including ASI, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Sarkhej Roza Committee, civil society and communities to work in harmony towards sustaining their natural heritage, this research has undertaken detailed site and stakeholder assessment to understand challenges faced by the lake and its precincts, and derived learnings from the stakeholder’s perspectives on the impact of urbanization on this water heritage. This was done in order to chart out the possibilities of reviving the Markarba–Sarkhej lake cascade before it is too late.

scholarly journals The impact of urbanization expansion on agricultural land in Ethiopia: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Assefa Ayele ◽  
Kassa Tarekegn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn a country like Ethiopia where the vast majority of the populations are employed in agriculture, land is an important economic resource for the development of rural livelihoods. Agricultural land in peri-urban areas is, however, transformed into built-up regions through horizontal urban expansion that has an effect on land use value. In recent years Ethiopia has been experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to an ever-increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagricultural activities that pervades agricultural land. There is a high demand for informal and illegal peri-urban land which has been held by peri-urban farmers, and this plays a vital role in the unauthorized and sub-standard house construction on agricultural land. This urbanization has not been extensively reviewed and documented. In this review an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities. Urban expansion has reduced the areas available for agriculture, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability. Housing encroachments have been observed to be uncontrolled due to a weak government response to the trend of unplanned city expansion. This has left peri-urban farmers exposed to the negative shocks of urbanization because significant urbanization-related agricultural land loss has a positive correlation with grain production decrease. Appropriate governing bodies should control urban development in order to control the illegal and informal spread of urbanization on agricultural land that threatens food production.

Sustaining Vernacular Architecture - Antiochia as a Sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Meltem Yýlmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Building Design ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Climate History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

Much of the world, is currently experiencing intense growth, especially in and around cities. Most conventional practitioners of modern design and construction find it easier to make buildings as if nature and place did not exist. Cars and factories might be thought as the most obvious enemies of the environment, but buildings consume more than half the energy used worldwide. Attempts to destroy building traditions have been associated in some countries with a drive to modernize. Beyond the traditional aspects of dwelling, the impact of globalization and its effect on rural economies, environmental problems, rapid urbanization and the unprecedented scale of housing problems which confront the peoples of the world in the twenty-first century, bring a new urgency to the study of the vernacular architecture in a sustaining sense. In this work, the concept of “sustainability” will be taken into consideration especially within the building scale. Vernacular architecture in the past produced a built environment which met people's needs without deteriorating the environment. This paper discusses the concept of sustainability in building design and connects it to the vernacular architecture with the search of the vernacular Antiochia houses as a sample; focusing on its architectural properties in detail. The study concludes that what is expected of architects in the current century is, wherever they work, they are to understand and digest the nature of climate, history and culture, that is to say, to obtain inspiration from the essence of place and to contribute to the creation of relevant architecture and city for a sustainable future.

Early Tudor Poetry: Courtliness and Print

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-284
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Impact

After noting the evidence for the public performance of poetry in Continental Europe, this chapter turns to the impact of print on English poetry: from the late fifteenth century, the printers Caxton and de Worde gave readers a new way to experience poems. At the court of Henry VIII, Skelton exploited both manuscript and print. The Devonshire manuscript, which circulated around Henry’s courtiers, is discussed, as is Tottel’s 1557 Songes and Sonettes, whose cachet lay partly in its making the private poetry of the elite available to a large public. Another popular collection was A Mirror for Magistrates, in which a gathering of poets impersonating famous tragic victims of the past was staged. Although there were signs of a suppler use of metre, the 1560s and 1570s were characterized by highly regular verse. The most skilled poet of this period, Gascoigne, was also responsible for a pathbreaking treatise on poetry.

THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON MURDER RATES AND ON THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOMICIDE IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1780–1850

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER KING
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAlthough higher murder rates have traditionally been associated with large cities, this view has recently been challenged by several historians who have argued that ‘homicide rates were negatively correlated with urbanisation and industrialisation’, and this is rapidly becoming the new consensus. By exploring the geography of homicide rates for one area undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization – England and Wales, 1780–1850 – this article challenges this new view and re-assesses the relationship between recorded homicide rates and both modernization and urbanization. After discussing the methodological problems involved in using homicide statistics, it focuses mainly on the first fifteen years for which detailed county-based data is available – 1834–48 – as well as looking at the more limited late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century evidence. This data raises fundamental questions about the links historians have recently made between urbanization and low homicide rates, since the remote rural parts of England and Wales generally had very low recorded murder rates while industrializing and rapidly urbanizing areas such as Lancashire had very high ones. Potential explanations for these systematic and large variations between urban and rural areas – including the impact of age structures and migration patterns – are then explored.

scholarly journals Temporal–Spatial Distribution of Ecosystem Health and Its Response to Human Interference Based on Different Terrain Gradients: A Case Study in Gannan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Rui Han ◽  
Luo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The exploitation, utilization, and protection of land resources are some of the great social problems during the process of rapid urbanization in China. The status of land use directly affects ecosystem health (ESH). The evaluation of ESH and the spatial correlations between urbanization caused by human interference help us to analyze the influence of urbanization on ecosystems and also provide new insight into reasonable and scientific resource management. In this study, we evaluated the ESH of Gannan, in Jiangxi Province, China, based on ecosystem service values (ESV) and selected a series of indicators to detect the impact of urbanization on ecosystem health in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010. and 2015. Remote sensing (RS) and the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used as processing tools to calculate basic data and to map the results based on different terrain gradients. The results show that ecosystem health suffered a downward trend from 1990 to 2015. Especially, the area proportion at an unhealthy level and average health (ave-health) level increased prominently, and the area of a well state decreased. Further, the results indicate that urbanization had a negative impact on ESH. The degree of a negative correlation increases with the process of urban sprawl. In addition, we found that from 1990 to 2015, the area proportion of a degraded level and unhealthy level was the highest on the first terrain gradient, and as the terrain gradient increased, this area proportion also decreased. However, the high interference region occupies a higher proportion in the lower terrain gradient. Consequently, the results could reveal the impact of urbanization on ecosystem health and could provide an even more effective service for a sustainable development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Urbanization on Ecosystem Health in Typical Karst Areas: A Case Study of Liupanshui City, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Yangling Zhao ◽  
Rui Han ◽  
Nan Cui ◽  
Jingbiao Yang ◽  
Luo Guo
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Karst Areas ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The karst region of Southwest China is one of the largest continuous karst areas in the world, and the ecosystem in the karst region is extremely fragile. The city of Liupanshui, a typical karst area in southwestern China, has provided the main energy and raw materials during China’s rapid urbanization in the past few decades. With the continuous deterioration of the environment in Liupanshui and from the viewpoint of sustainable development strategies, research on ecosystem health (ESH) and the assessments of correlations between urbanization and ESH plays an important role in regional sustainable eco-environmental development. Therefore, the impact of urbanization on the ecosystem health of the study area was discussed in this study using a series of remote sensing images and socio-economic data from 1990 to 2015. Studies showed that Liupanshui is undergoing rapid urbanization, and the growth of urbanized land reached a peak between 2010 and 2015. From 1990 to 2015, the level of ESH in Liupanshui trended downward and then increased. During 2000 to 2010, due to the policy of returning farmland to grassland and forestland, the substantial increase in woodland and grassland and the management policy of mining areas have caused a turn in ESH. Although the value of ecosystem health in 2010–2015 increased, the process of urbanization is rapid, so we should pay more attention to the trend in future ecosystem health changes. The findings revealed that urbanization significantly negatively affects the ecosystem health of Liupanshui, and mining has the greatest impact. Therefore, in future urban development, strengthening the management of resource extraction and the supervision of environmental protection, continuing to return farmland to grassland and forestry, and controlling rocky desertification can improve the health of the urban ecosystem in the study area.

Impact of Urbanization and Dietary Patterns on Development of Colorectal Cancer in Indian Population – A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Antara Banerjee ◽  
Sushmitha Sriramulu ◽  
Sarubala Malayaperumal ◽  
Babu Kumar ◽  
Surajit Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization, described as social development, benefits the human population if it is well planned. India contributes major distinctive facets of urbanization which is developing at remarkable rates. The regional distribution of population in India is irregular as only six large states are responsible for half of the urban populaces. India is also known for its different cultures, languages and food habits. Owing to the region-specific food habits, rice is cultivated widely and gives a better yield than the other grains. Pulses that are rich in protein are the next eminent source for people. One of the crucial underlying problems is people give more importance to the taste than nutritional value. As a consequence, immense counts of individuals who can manage to devour a healthy diet do not do so and instances of severe deficiency and malnutrition and certain other gut-associated diseases are seen. Colorectal cancer, which is the most prevailing cancer around the globe, is the major cause of cancer-associated mortality in developing countries. High-fat diet like animal fat that favors the growth of unwanted bacterial flora is the chief threat for colorectal cancer. It is well known that urbanization has fetched several modifications in the lifestyle and food habits which successively enhanced the threat of various diseases. Hence in this review, we focused mainly on the impact of rapid urbanization and other lifestyle and dietary habits on the development of colorectal cancer in India.

Evolution of urbanization and its impact on temperature trends of Quetta city in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 03-13
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain SAJJAD ◽  
Nadège Blond
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Quetta is an important economic, historical and culturally a rich city located in the south-west of Pakistan. Like many other cities of the world, Quetta faced massive urbanization during last three decades. It has 1.1 million populations. The consequences of rapid urbanization in Quetta city are significant through changing urban area’s temperatures than its nearby regional areas as a result of alteration of natural land cover change into built-surfaces at city scale. In this context, the objective of this study is to explore the effect of urbanization on variability of minimum (dTn) and maximum (dTx) temperature trends of Quetta city by comparing with non-urban regional stations. For this purpose, first the evolution of urbanization during 1980s to 2013 was analysed by using satellite image processing techniques for the years 1989, 2000 and 2013. To study the impact of urbanization on dTn and dTx of Quetta city, the time series data of daily average monthly minimum (Tn) and maximum (Tx) temperatures ranging from 1947 to 2013 of Quetta city and the seven regional stations were analysed by using linear regression. The results show that during last twenty years, urban population and urban surface area increased to 80% and 194%, respectively. The variation in annual and seasonal temperature trends depicted that Tn and Tx at Quetta city are increasing more than the regional stations and Tn increased faster than Tx at urban and regional scale except winter season.

scholarly journals Urbanization Impacts the Physicochemical Characteristics and Abundance of Fecal Markers and Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianma Yuan ◽  
Kiran Kumar Vadde ◽  
Jonathan D. Tonkin ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Fecal Markers ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Urbanization is increasing worldwide and is happening at a rapid rate in China in line with economic development. Urbanization can lead to major changes in freshwater environments through multiple chemical and microbial contaminants. We assessed the impact of urbanization on physicochemical characteristics and microbial loading in canals in Suzhou, a city that has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades. Nine sampling locations covering three urban intensity classes (high, medium and low) in Suzhou were selected for field studies and three locations in Huangshan (natural reserve) were included as pristine control locations. Water samples were collected for physicochemical, microbiological and molecular analyses. Compared to medium and low urbanization sites, there were statistically significant higher levels of nutrients and total and thermotolerant coliforms (or fecal coliforms) in highly urbanized locations. The effect of urbanization was also apparent in the abundances of human-associated fecal markers and bacterial pathogens in water samples from highly urbanized locations. These results correlated well with land use types and anthropogenic activities at the sampling sites. The overall results indicate that urbanization negatively impacts water quality, providing high levels of nutrients and a microbial load that includes fecal markers and pathogens.

SCRIPT WITHOUT BUDDHISM: BURMESE INFLUENCE ON THE TAY (SHAN) SCRIPT OF MÄNG2 MAAW2 AS SEEN IN A CHINESE SCROLL PAINTING OF 1407

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Christian Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Theravada Buddhism ◽  
Writing System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This article substantiates for the first time that Tay (Shan) script was written on a Ming dynasty scroll dated 1407. In the past, Tay scholars have assumed that early Tay script exhibited uniquely Tay characteristics from the outset, and only gradually acquired Burmese features after the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The data presented here demonstrates beyond doubt that the Tay borrowed heavily from the Burmese script to create their writing system before the fifteenth century. It also shows that the 1407 Tay script resembled the Ahom script more than the lik6 tho3 ngök6 script, and on the basis of this similarity concludes that lik6 tho3 ngök6 was not the progenitor of Tay scripts, as previously thought, and that the Ahom script preceded it.The impact of Burmese script on the Tay writing system from the outset raises the broader issue of borrowing from Burman culture during the Pagan and early Ava periods. The Tay of Mäng2 Maaw2 and surrounding polities turned to Pagan and Ava for a written script, but shunned Theravada Buddhism, the religious apparatus that we assume always accompanied the spread of writing. Their adoption of a writing system stands out as a rare case of script without Buddhism in northern continental Southeast Asia. To the Tay, Pagan and Ava were dominant political powers worthy of emulation, and the adoption of their writing system attests the magnitude of its influence. It is hypothesized that such borrowing arose out of Tay aspirations for self-strengthening their polities, possibly in an endeavour to rival the Burman monarchy. Tay script emerged in an age when the Burman language had just become predominant among the elites of Pagan and early Ava. Two features of this case stand out. First, the Tay borrowed at a time when Burmese script was relatively novel and still the preserve of the Burman elite, a fact which reinforces the notion of borrowing for prestige value as well as practical utility. Second, the Tay gravitated towards the northern parts of Pagan and Ava, rather than the southern areas where Mon language retained predominance in inscriptions.

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