Annona muricata Linn and Khaya grandifoliola C.DC. Reduce Oxidative Stress In Vitro and Ameliorate Plasmodium berghei-Induced Parasitemia and Cytokines in BALB/c Mice

Background. Annona muricata and Khaya grandifoliola are ethnomedicinally used for the treatment of malaria and have been experimentally shown to have an anti-plasmodial effect, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of the ethanol extracts of their leaves on parasitemia, radical scavenging and cytokines in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice. Methods. BALB/c mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with chloroquine, A. muricata or K. grandifoliola extract for 4 days. The percentage of parasitemia and the level of cytokine expression were determined after treatment. Trace element, phytochemical and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging properties assays were done to study the antioxidant effects of AN and KG in vitro. Results. P. berghei consistently increased parasitemia in BALB/c mice. The tested doses (100-, 200-, and 400 mg/kg) of A. muricata and K. grandifoliola attenuated the P. berghei-induced elevation of parasitemia and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-6) in vivo during the experimental period, though not as much as chloroquine. Moreover, both extracts scavenged the DPPH and NO radicals, though A. muricata had more anti-oxidant effect than K. grandifoliola in-vitro. Conclusion. The ethanol extracts of A. muricata and K. grandifoliola reduce parasitemia in P. berghei-treated mice BALB/c by scavenging free radicals and reducing cytokines, though the extracts were not as effective as chloroquine.

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IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN-VIVO HEPATO PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM THE BARK OF SHOREA ROBUSTA (DIPTEROCARPACEAE) AGAINST CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14271 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Diptanu Biswas

Keyword(s):

Liver Toxicity ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Carbon Tetra ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Ethanol Extracts

ABSTRACT: The study is designed for the evaluation of in-vivo Hepato protective and in-vitro Anti oxidant activity of ethanol extracts from the bark of Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) by CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ethanol extracts from the bark Shorea robusta (EESR) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in rats by inducing liver damage by CCl4. The anti oxidant activity of EESR was assayed by various in-vitro antioxidant methods and activities were compared to standard ascorbic acid. Ethanol extracts at an oral dose 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg exhibited a significant (*p<0.005) protective effects by lowering the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Serum bilirubin, total cholesterol and increasing the level of total proteins as compared to Silymarin (50mg/kg) used as positive control. The extracts exhibit significant anti oxidant activity in various in vitro anti oxidant models. From these studies we are concluding that, the ethanolic extracts of S.robusta have potent hepatoprotective effects and have anti oxidant properties, hence can be used as a natural product against liver damage.KEY WORDS: Anti oxidant, Carbon tetra chloride, Hepatoprotective, Shorea robusta

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Characterization of a New Chitosanase from a Marine Bacillus sp. and the Anti-Oxidant Activity of Its Hydrolysate

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18020126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Chunrui Ma ◽

Xiao Li ◽

Kun Yang ◽

Shangyong Li

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Low Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽

Anti Oxidant

Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been recognized to exhibit efficient anti-oxidant activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanases can retain all the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, which are necessary for its activity. In this study, a new chitosanase encoding gene, csnQ, was cloned from the marine Bacillus sp. Q1098 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant chitosanase, CsnQ, showed maximal activity at pH 5.31 and 60 °C. Determination of CsnQ pH-stability showed that CsnQ could retain more than 50% of its activity over a wide pH, from 3.60 to 9.80. CsnQ is an endo-type chitosanase, yielding chitodisaccharide as the main product. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that chitodisaccharide possesses much more effective anti-oxidant activity than glucosamine and low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-CS) (~5 kDa). Notably, to our knowledge, this is the first evidence that chitodisaccharide is the minimal COS fragment required for free radical scavenging.

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PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-OXIDANT AND IN VIVO ANTI-DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC BARK EXTRACTS OF ANNONA MURICATA ON MICE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.56.09.11664 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (09) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

K Ravishankar ◽

P.V.S.C.P. Sowmya ◽

G.V.N. Kiranmayi ◽

Keyword(s):

Forced Swim Test ◽

Tail Suspension Test ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Anti Oxidant

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-depressant potentials of the Ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata. Ethanolic bark extracts of Annona muricata was subjected to preliminary and quantitative phytochemical screening. In vitro Anti-oxidant activity of Annona muricata was performed using phosphomolybdenum assay with Ascorbic acid as the standard. As the extract exhibited potent anti-oxidant activity, it was investigated further for its anti-depressant activity using Forced swim test(FST), Tail suspension test(TST), Digital photoactometer test (DPT) and Open field test(OFT). Imipramine & Fluoxetine [10mg/kg] were used as reference drugs for the anti-depressant experiments. Ethanolic Bark extract of Annona muricata exhibited significant anti-oxidant activity with significant increase of absorbance in a concentration dependent manner while in anti-depressant activity there was considerable decrease in the immobility time . Altogether, these results suggest that the Ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata could be used as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-depressant agent.

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Anopheles gambiaeLackingAgTRIOInefficiently TransmitsPlasmodium bergheito Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00326-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Min Chuang ◽

Marianna Freudzon ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Yuemei Dong ◽

George Dimopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Local Environment ◽

Salivary Protein ◽

Content Type ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Sporozoite Infection

ABSTRACTAntibodies to AgTRIO, a mosquito salivary protein, partially reduce the initialPlasmodiumburden in mice. We therefore silencedAgTRIOin mosquitoes and determined the relative contribution of AgTRIO to the ability ofAnopheles gambiaeto transmitPlasmodium bergheito mice. RNA interference-mediated silencing ofAgTRIO inA. gambiaeresulted in a 60% reduction inAgTRIOexpression. The decrease inAgTRIOexpression did not alter the burden ofPlasmodiumsporozoites in mosquito salivary glands. When experimentally injected into mice, sporozoites fromAgTRIO-silenced mosquitoes colonized the liver less effectively than sporozoites from control mosquitoes. Silencing ofAgTRIOdid not decrease the infectivity of sporozoitesin vitroor influence the expression of genes associated withPlasmodiumcell adhesion or traversal activity. AgTRIO decreased the expression of proinflammation cytokines by splenocytesin vitro. Moreover,in vivo, AgTRIO decreased the expression ofTNF-αwhen coinjected with sporozoites into the skin and there was moreTNF-αexpression at the bite site ofAgTRIOknockdown mosquitoes than at the bite site of control mosquitoes. AgTRIO therefore influences the local environment in the vertebrate host, which facilitatesPlasmodiumsporozoite infection in mice.

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Anti-Oxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory In Vitro Activity of Amino Acids and Small Peptides: New Hints for the Multifaceted Treatment of Neurologic and Metabolic Disfunctions

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8010007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Grazia Luisi ◽

Azzurra Stefanucci ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Marilisa Dimmito ◽

Adriano Mollica

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Protective Role ◽

Small Peptides ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

Oxidative damage is among the factors associated with the onset of chronic pathologies, such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Several classes of anti-oxidant compounds have been suggested as having a protective role against cellular stressors, but, in this perspective, peptides’ world represents a poorly explored source. In the present study, the free radical scavenging properties, the metal ion reducing power, and the metal chelating activity of a series of sulfurated amino acids and tripeptides were determined in vitro through canonical assays (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, PM, and EECC) and estimated in comparison with the corresponding activities of synthetic peptide semicarbazones, incorporating the peculiar non-proteinogenic amino acid, tert-leucine (tLeu). The compounds exhibited remarkable anti-oxidant properties. As expected, sulfurated compounds 1–5 were found to be the most efficient radical scavengers and strongest reductants. Nevertheless, tLeu-containing peptides 7 and 8 disclosed notable metal reducing and chelating activities. These unprecedented results indicate that tLeu-featuring di- and tripeptide backbones, bearing the semicarbazone chelating moiety, are compatible with the emergence of an anti-oxidant potential. Additionally, when tested against a panel of enzymes usually targeted for therapeutic purposes in neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, all samples were found to be good inhibitors of tyrosinase.

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Hydroxytyrosol Exerts Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities in a Mouse Model of Systemic Inflammation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3212 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Raffaela Fuccelli ◽

Roberto Fabiani ◽

Patrizia Rosignoli

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenil-ethanol, HT), the major phenol derived from olive oil consumption, has shown different anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities in vitro which may explain the chronic-degenerative diseases preventive properties of olive oil. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of HT reduce inflammatory markers, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and Tumour Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α and oxidative stress in vivo on a mouse model of systemic inflammation. Balb/c mice were pre-treated with HT (40 and 80 mg/Kg b.w.) and then stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Blood was collected to measure COX2 gene expression by qPCR and TNF-α level by ELISA kit in plasma. In addition, the total anti-oxidant power of plasma and the DNA damage were measured by FRAP test and COMET assay, respectively. LPS increased the COX2 expression, the TNF-α production and the DNA damage. HT administration prevented all LPS-induced effects and improved the anti-oxidant power of plasma. HT demonstrated in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant abilities. The results may explain the health effects of olive oil in Mediterranean diet. HT represents an interesting molecule for the development of new nutraceuticals and functional food useful in chronic diseases prevention.

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Palm Oil Tocotrienols in Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment

10.5772/intechopen.98199 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Azman Abdullah ◽

Ahmed Atia ◽

Nadia Salem Alrawaiq ◽

Mohd Kamil Md Yusof ◽

Muhammad Fadzli Rusli

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Large Scale ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Radical Scavenging Properties

Cancer remains a worrying cause of fatality worldwide despite the advancement in medicine. Among the dietary phytonutrients, tocotrienols have been extensively studied for their bioactivity against cancer. Palm oil is a rich source of tocotrienols. The most common formulation of tocotrienols is the tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil (TRF). The anticancer activities of tocotrienols were once presumed due to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. However, recent evidence suggested that tocotrienols are capable of demonstrating cancer-fighting properties through their influence in various signalling pathways. The selectivity of tocotrienols in killing cancer cells without affecting normal cells is indicative of their potential role in cancer treatment and prevention. Tocotrienols had proven to be particularly effective in the chemoprevention and treatment of breast, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate and liver cancers in many in vitro and in vivo animal experiments. However, the efficacy of tocotrienols in the management of human cancers are still questionable due to their poor bioavailability and lack of well-designed clinical trials. Nevertheless, due to their superb safety profiles, palm oil tocotrienols are still considered ideal candidates for future large scale clinical trials to prove their efficacy to treat or prevent cancers in humans.

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Raphanus Sativus Seeds OilArrested In Vivo Inflammation and Angiogenesis Through Down-Regulation of TNF-a

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201022666210702120956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Asif ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Yousaf ◽

Mohammed Saleem ◽

Liaqat Hussain ◽

Mahrukh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

In Ovo ◽

In Vivo Inflammation ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Raphanus sativus is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Objectives: The current study was designed to explore the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties of Raphanus sativus seeds oil. Methods: Cold press method was used for the extraction of oil (RsSO) and was characterised using GC-MS techniques. Three in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were performed to explore antioxidant potential of RsSO. Disc diffusion methods were used to study in vitro antimicrobial properties. In vivo anti-inflammatory properties were studied in both acute and chronic inflammation models. In ovo chicken, a chorioallantoic membrane assay was performed to study antiangiogenic effects. Molecular mechanisms were identified using serum TNF-α ELISA kit and docking tools. Results: GC-MS analysis of RsSO revealed the presence of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acid. Findings of DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models indicated relatively moderate radical scavenging properties of RsSO. Oil showed antimicrobial activity against a variety of strains tested. Data of inflammation models showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects of RsSO in both acute and chronic models. 500 mg/kg RsSO halted inflammation development significantly better (p < 0.05) as compared with lower doses. Histopathological evaluations of paws showed minimal infiltration of inflammatory cells in RsSO-treated animals. Findings of TNF-α ELSIA and docking studies showed that RsSO has the potential to downregulate the expression of TNF-α, iNOS, ROS, and NF-κB, respectively. Moreover, RsSO showed in vivo antiangiogenic effects. Conclusion: Data of the current study highlight that Raphanus sativus seeds oil has anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties and can be used as an adjunct to standard NSAIDs therapy to reduce its dose and side effects.

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Antitumor Potential of Annona muricata Linn. An Edible and Medicinal Plant in Mexico: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Toxicological Studies

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26247675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (24) ◽

pp. 7675

Author(s):

Verenice Merlín-Lucas ◽

Rosa María Ordoñez-Razo ◽

Fernando Calzada ◽

Aida Solís ◽

Normand García-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Flavonoid Glycosides ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

4T1 Cells ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Annona muricata (Am) is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat cancer. In this study, ethanol extracts of Am collected in Acapulco and Tecpan from Guerrero state were evaluated orally on Balb/c mice inoculated with 4T1 cells, for cytotoxic activity (CA) on 4T1 cells, in brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA), and for acute oral toxicity in mice. In addition, ethanol extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection. Results showed that the extracts collected in December in Acapulco (AcDe) and Tecpan (TeDe) exhibited the most significant antitumor and cytotoxic activity. In the BSLA, the most important effect was observed in the extracts from Acapulco and Tecpan collected in June (AcJu) and August (TeAg), respectively. The samples from Acapulco (AcJu, and AcAg) and Tecpan (TeJu and TeAg) showed the highest toxicity. The analysis of the extracts, AcDe and TeDe, by HPLC revealed that flavonoids, rutin, narcissin, and nicotinflorin were the major components. These findings suggest that extracts from Am collected in Acapulco and Tecpan in the month of December may be an important source to obtain flavonoid glycosides with anticancer potential specifically against breast cancer. This also supports the use of Am to treat cancer in Mexican traditional medicine.

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Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.25258/ijtpr.v9i03.9068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Nurgozhin T. ◽

Sergazy S. H. ◽

Adilgozhina G. ◽

Gulyayev A. ◽

Shulgau Z. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

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