Students and Perceived Screen Time: How Often Are Students in a Rural School District Looking at Screened Devices?

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. DiMartino ◽  
Susan M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rural School District ◽  
Device Use ◽  
School Differences

As technology advances across the United States, schools should consider not only the benefits of using screened devices but also the short- and long-term effects on student health. Both the positive and negative effects of using devices are often intensified for students in rural schools, as online learning and the use of e-therapy becomes more prevalent. The purpose of this study was to investigate stakeholders’ perceptions of device use in one eighth-grade cohort in a rural school, differences between device use by students with and without disabilities, and to provide an awareness of student screen time exposure and its potential consequences. Basic qualitative methods were used to assess student, teacher, and parent perceptions of screen time use and perceptions of the recommended daily allowance of screen time in an eighth-grade cohort in a rural western New York school. Findings suggest that students, parents, and teachers perceive screen time as “excessive.” Implications for practice and future inquiry are reported.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

scholarly journals The Impact of Parental Incarceration on Sport Participation Trajectories from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5229
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Park ◽  
Jongnam Hwang ◽  
Chung Gun Lee ◽  
Hyoyeon Ahn ◽  
Hanbeom Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Incarceration ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Given the potential negative effects of parental incarceration on millions of people, it is critical to examine the possible short- and long-term effects of parental incarceration on individuals. This study examines the effect of parental incarceration on the sports participation trajectories of children ranging from adolescence to young adulthood. Group-based trajectory models were set up using SAS analytics software to examine how parental incarceration affects the sports participation trajectories of children from adolescence to young adulthood. Data were drawn from the first four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health in the United States (N = 6504). Neither paternal nor maternal incarceration had any significant effect on the trajectories of male participants. On the other hand, females who experienced father incarceration were more likely to be in the low-stable versus high-decreasing group (coefficient = −0.721, p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we conclude that programs promoting sports participation are needed for females who have experienced paternal incarceration. The results of this study also suggest that group-based trajectory modeling is a useful technique to examine the trajectories of sports participation from adolescence through to young adulthood.

Outliers in American juvenile justice: the need for statutory reform in North Carolina and New York

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Frank Tedeschi ◽  
Elizabeth Ford
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
History Of

Abstract There is a well-established and growing body of evidence from research that adolescents who commit crimes differ in many regards from their adult counterparts and are more susceptible to the negative effects of adjudication and incarceration in adult criminal justice systems. The age of criminal court jurisdiction in the United States has varied throughout history; yet, there are only two remaining states, New York and North Carolina, that continue to automatically charge 16 year olds as adults. This review traces the statutory history of juvenile justice in these two states with an emphasis on political and social factors that have contributed to their outlier status related to the age of criminal court jurisdiction. The neurobiological, psychological, and developmental aspects of the adolescent brain and personality, and how those issues relate both to a greater likelihood of rehabilitation in appropriate settings and to greater vulnerability in adult correctional facilities, are also reviewed. The importance of raising the age in New York and North Carolina not only lies in protecting incarcerated youths but also in preventing the associated stigma following release. Mental health practitioners are vital to the process of local and national juvenile justice reform. They can serve as experts on and advocates for appropriate mental health care and as experts on the adverse effects of the adult criminal justice system on adolescents.

scholarly journals Transition Services in Eight Rural Counties of Western New York: Views of Directors of Special Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Shields ◽  
Mindy S. Scirri ◽  
Michael R. Berta ◽  
Kara M. Klump
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Special Education ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Transition Services ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Rural School Districts ◽  
Directors Of Special Education ◽  
Rural School District ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Made In

Rural school districts face different challenges than urban and suburban districts. In fact, several Rural Systemic Initiatives (RSIs) have been established around the country to isolate and address rural school district issues (Harmon & Smith, 2012). In order to improve the effectiveness of transition services in rural schools, feedback from stakeholders in the process is vital. Directors of special education, specifically, must work to facilitate a quality and seamless process for transition despite challenges, and those working in rural settings may face additional obstacles. This study examines the perspectives of these front-line providers in order to begin to understand the difficulties that rural school districts, in particular, must overcome. The challenges and suggestions expressed by directors of special education impact the trajectory of improvements that need to be made in rural education transition services.  These improvements will not only streamline processes for rural educators and staff involved in transition, but will ultimately benefit the families they serve.

Preparation of teachers to work with communicatively handicapped students in rural schools

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Beth Sarachan-Deily
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Rural School Districts ◽  
Service Levels

There is a shortage of qualified speech-language pathologists in rural school districts throughout the United States. As a result, many communicatively handicapped students in rural areas are underserved. The need for information concerning communication disorders in rural areas, at both the preservice and in service levels, has become critical. The results of a three-year collaborative project between The College of Saint Rose and fifteen rural school districts in upstate New York are presented, with implications for other universities, rural school districts, and academic disciplines. Suggestions for using collaborative strategies in preparing communication disordered students to work in rural schools, and needs for the future are discussed.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Gerald H. Thayer's ornithological work in St Vincent and the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
American Museum ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparative Zoology ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Gerald Handerson Thayer (1883–1939) was an artist, writer and naturalist who worked in North and South America, Europe and the West Indies. In the Lesser Antilles, Thayer made substantial contributions to the knowledge and conservation of birds in St Vincent and the Grenadines. Thayer observed and collected birds throughout much of St Vincent and on many of the Grenadines from January 1924 through to December 1925. Although he produced a preliminary manuscript containing interesting distributional notes and which is an early record of the region's ornithology, Thayer never published the results of his work in the islands. Some 413 bird and bird egg specimens have survived from his work in St Vincent and the Grenadines and are now housed in the American Museum of Natural History (New York City) and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Four hundred and fifty eight specimens of birds and eggs collected by Gerald and his father, Abbott, from other countries are held in museums in the United States.

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