Evaluation of selected kaolins as raw materials for the Turkish cement and concrete industry

Clay Minerals ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aras ◽  
M. Albayrak ◽  
M. Arikan ◽  
K. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
White Cement ◽  
Cement And Concrete ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractTurkey has a long tradition (starting with prehistoric civilizations) and experience in exploring for raw clay materials and processing them into ceramic products. Many of these products, such as tiles and sanitary ware, are manufactured for domestic and export markets. Kaolin is one of the raw materials of major importance for the ceramic and paper industry, as well as for a number of auxiliary applications. There is ongoing interest in applying kaolin in the construction industry as a raw material in the production of white cement clinker and as an artificial pozzolanic additive for concrete (in the form of metakaolin). This report presents results related to search, assessment and evaluation of available resources for advanced cement and concrete additives.

scholarly journals A Review on Utilizing the Marine Biorefinery Waste in Construction Raw Materials to Reduce Land Pollution and Enhance Green Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Monisha Ravi ◽  
Balasubramanian Murugesan ◽  
Arul Jeyakumar ◽  
Kiranmayi Raparthi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Material Usage ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Cement And Concrete ◽  
Marine Waste

Abstract This research mainly concentrates on eco-friendly construction material. Production of cement and concrete industries release huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gases which affect the environment and also there is a demand in construction material by man-made or nature. The construction sector finds an economic and eco-friendly cement replacement material to achieve the demand for green concrete that improve the energy conservation and better energy saving material. In marine Bio-refinery waste produce huge quantity of calcium carbonate, whose disposal is cause of major concern. Pre-eminent solution for this problem is utilizing the marine shell waste in cement and concrete. It revises the manufacturing process to reduce the raw material usage in production and adoptable material for global warming. Therefore, the researchers focus on marine waste sea shells as the replacement material in construction industry to save the energy and also give sustainable green material. As per the previous studies by the researchers to determine the chemical composition, specific gravity, water absorption, particle size distribution of seashells and also compressive, flexural and tensile strength of concrete. It shows the seashell is filler material that slightly increases the strength when compared to the conventional materials and therefore the sea shells are suitable for the construction field to manufacture the cement and concrete with eco-friendly manner.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Suharto Suharto ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽  
Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽  
Kiki Nurwanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

scholarly journals WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Natalia S. Tivas ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

Study Formation Process of Cement Clinker Minerals by Using Calcium Carbide Slag as Raw Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Shi Jie Dong ◽  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Hai Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is one kind of industrial wastes from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction that will cause land pollution. In the research, calcium carbide Slag used as a substitute for limestone to produce cement clinker, which with a high portion of CaO content and then an excellent calcium containing raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of Calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. The formation process of clinker minerals was studied by means of XRD. The results indicated that clinker minerals formation is similar to that from use of limestone. The generated clinker has a rational mineral composition and well developed mineral phase structure. But, there are many differences in decomposition temperatures between the calcium containing raw materials. Therefore, the carbide slag can be used as a substitute of limestone raw material to produce cement clinker.

scholarly journals Integrated use of technogenic raw materials in cement technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
L.I. Melnyk ◽  
N.O. Dorogan ◽  
I.A. Goloukh
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

This work used a combination of modern physico-chemical research methods with standardized testing of technological and operational properties of raw materials, clinker, cement and compositions with its application. Results over of research of the silicate systems with rice husk and ash-fly as technogenic raw material for making of cement clinker are driven. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of material at the use of 42,5-50,5 % industry wastes in composition initial raw material mixtures are shown. The object of the study were raw material mixtures for the production of Portland cement clinker based on the systems of chalk - clay - man-made raw materials and chalk - man-made raw materials. The possibility of replacing exhaustible and non-renewable natural raw materials with a complex of multi-tonnage wastes of agro-industry and heat energy, which meets the objectives of expanding the raw material base of cement production, resource conservation and environmental protection. Peculiarities of phase formation during firing of silicate systems of chalk-polymineral clay and chalk-technogenic raw materials taking into account changes in the quantitative ratio of components, in particular rice husk and ash-removal of thermal power plants are noted.

PROSPECT OF SEAWEED AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Kustantiny
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pulp Processing

Seaweed is a commodity which has great potency to be developed and commonly used in food and non-food industry, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Currently, seaweed can also be utilized as raw material for pulp to support an environmental friendly paper industry. Research has been done by scientists from Korea who developed the processing technology of red algae by using extraction and bleaching process. The process is very simple, need less energy and environmental friendly chemical material. Red algae species which is used in this process is Gelidium amansii, which is very suitable for paper industry purposes and can be harvested in around 3 months, therefore this is different with wood pulp. There is a cooperation between Korea and Indonesiain producing Gelidium in Indonesia. This paper presents the assessment of red algae pulp processing technology and examines several matters that should be considered in developing red algae pulp industry in Indonesia. In term of resources, support from the government, universities and research institutions and acceptance of the industry.keywords : seaweed, red algae, extraction, paper, environment

Using Calcium Carbide Slag as One of Calcium-Containing Raw Materials to Produce Cement Clinker

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Shi Jie Dong ◽  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction and will do harm to land and make pollution. Calcium carbide slag can be a substitute for limestone to produce clinker with a high portion of CaO as an excellent calcium raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. In the present investigation, the modern analysis methods of XRF, XRD, DTA/TG, petrographic analysis were used to compare carbide slag and limestone, and the results showed that the main chemical compositions of the calcium carbide slag were basically the same with that of natural limestone. Comparing with limestone materials, calcium carbide slag had a higher content of CaO, and the main mineral phase constituent of limestone was CaCO3, whereas the main mineral of calcium carbide slag was Ca (OH)2 with a lower decomposition temperature. It has been found that under the same temperature the amount of C3S in the clinker of calcium carbide slag batching was slightly less than that of limestone batching.

Economic and Environmental Assessment of Redmud as Aggregate in Cement Clinker Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3254-3257
Author(s):  
Jing Min Hong ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Jing Lan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Dominant Contribution ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Clinker Production

A cost combined life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the economic and environmental impact of redmud as aggregate in cement production. Results showed that the raw materials, transport, electricity and coal had the highest contribution to overall cost, while coal production and direct emissions represented the dominant contribution to overall environment impact. Improving energy and raw material efficiency and minimizing raw materials transport distance are the efficient way to minimize overall environmental and economic impacts.

Sintered Artificial Aggregate with New Correction Raw Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
By Products

Combustion of coal creates a high amount of by-products in heat power plants. The largest share occupies fly ash as solid mineral residuals. Global pressure grows currently for the use of energy by-products. Utilization as a raw material for production of artificial sintered aggregate is one of the ways to make optimal use of even low-quality fly ash. Environmental and economic reasons lead currently to trying to upgrade the technology, which will fully use of the principle of self-sintering process based on content of combustible substances.The amount of combustible substances is today increasing by coal as a primary and finite resource. There is also best way for utilization of industrial wastes that contain a suitable share of combustible substances for ensure the smooth running of sintering.The paper deals with laboratory verification of selected industrial wastes as a correction component in the sintered aggregate production technology. As an alternative raw materials were selected coal tailings, sludge from paper industry, sludge from waste water treatment plant and fly ash from municipal waste incineration plant. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of corrective components to the quality of the resulting sintered aggregates.

scholarly journals Features of use of unlawful kaolin for the manufacture of a cement clinker

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Tsybenko ◽  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
V.G. Salnik ◽  
N.O. Dorogan
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clay Component ◽  
The Given ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Results over of research of the silicate systems of carbonate raw material with the varieties of clay component for making of cement clinker. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of clinker are shown when unenriched kaolin and fly ash are used as alumina-silica-containing components of the initial raw material mixture. In the chemical technology of hydraulic mineral astringents, clay raw material serves, first of all, as a source of SiO , Al O , Fe O oxides, which must form from CaO during the baking of crystalline phases of silicates, aluminates and calcium aluminferrite, with the development of which impart the properties of the product of production. In turn, the above oxides arise in the process of technology during the heat treatment of raw mixtures due to the destruction of the lattice of rock-forming minerals. Hence the obvious dependence of the number and reactivity of oxides on the chemical and mineralogical composition of clay raw material, which, according to essential differences, is classified into a number of groups. Deepening of scientific ideas about this dependence can become an additional factor for im- proving the intensification of the technology of silicate binders, which became the subject of research in the given work. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the clay component of raw materials for the production of clinker and cement based on it is an important factor in the structure of the binder material at the stages of the technological process and the determination of the properties of the final product. Taking into account the peculiarities of the composition of unbleached kaolin (high content of kaolinite, quartz, feldspar), the feasibility of its application in the production of cement for clinker production is related to the possibility of adjusting the kinetics and the direction of phase transformations during the burning of the material. From the point of view of resource conservation and technology, the complex application of aluminum and silicon-containing raw materials components of natural (unaffected kaolin) and man-made (fly ash) origin is shown. Deepening of scientific ideas about this dependence can become an additional factor for improving the intensification of the technology of silicate binders, which became the subject of research in the given work.

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