scholarly journals Costs per Treatment Phase for AML Patients Receiving High-Dose Chemoterapy in Sweden

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2154-2154
Author(s):  
Emma Hernlund ◽  
Josefine Redig ◽  
Åsa Rangert Derolf ◽  
Bjorn Paulsson ◽  
Martin Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Swedish Cancer Registry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
First Admission

Introduction: AML affects all ages with an incidence rate of 5 per 100,000, but is much more frequent in older population. The overall lifetime risk of AML is estimated to be 0.5-1%. Long-term overall survival in younger (age < 60 years) is about 50%, but much worse among older population. Although AML therapy is one of the most resource-intensive cancer treatments, there are few estimates of the resource use and economic burden by treatment phase. Methods: This study was a retrospective database study performed on Swedish national data. Adult patients (age ≥18 years) diagnosed with AML in Sweden between 2007 and 2015 were identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry, along with vital status. Data on resource use were collected from national registers for inpatient- and outpatient specialized care and prescribed drugs. Information on diagnostics and treatment was accessed from the Swedish national AML Registry (SwAMLR). Data on sick leave (SL) and early retirement (ER) came from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (absent days costed with the mean salary in Sweden). Hospital care resource use was costed using diagnosis-related group (DRG) remunerations, and include cost of inpatient drugs. The mean cost from the defined start of the treatment phase until the end of the treatment phase was divided by the mean number of days for the corresponding treatment phase to estimate the mean cost per day. The defined treatment phases were restricted to a maximum of 5 years. All costs are represented in US$. Results: Of the 2,954 patients identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry, 1,772 patients with a median age of 64 years were identified in the SwAMLR as fit for receiving high-dose chemotherapy . Of these, 1,243 were recorded with both curative intent of treatment and dates for achieving complete remission. Mean costs from the first AML-related hospital admission until the date of complete remission amount to $27,244. The mean number of days for the corresponding period were 45.16, resulting in a mean cost per day of $603 from first admission to first complete remission. The corresponding cost per day for patients recorded with curative intent but no complete remission (n=428) are $494. Time was counted from first AML-related admission until 90 days after first admission, or SCT or death, whichever occurred first. Costs after complete remission to either relapse, SCT, death or re-induction (n=1,237) amount to $50,793 for a mean of 438.63 days ($116/day). This treatment phase includes long-term survivors, whereas the costs from SCT, relapse or re-induction are not included. From relapse to death, the total cost is almost twofold for patients with re-induction (n=350) compared to palliative treatment (n=254). Cost per day amount to $179 for patients with palliative treatment and $256 for patients with re-induction treatment, respectively. The cost per day from date of SCT to death (n=511) is estimated to $192, incurred over a long period of time (mean number of days 844.02). The age of transplant recipients ranged between 18-71 years, with a median of 52 years. Conclusions: Costs of AML up to remission are feasible to estimate through DRG-costing methods, and studies have shown these costs are intense. Indeed this study shows that the highest cost per day is observed from first admission to complete remission. In addition results from our study show that there are high costs incurred also in the long-term, i.e. after remission. Of the included treatment phases the total cost from date of SCT to death is the largest, amounting to over $160,000. Approximately 20% are due to SL/ER, which is the second largest cost component after inpatient costs accounting for 60% of the total costs. Table. Disclosures Hernlund: ICON: Employment. Redig:ICON: Employment. Paulsson:Novartis: Employment. Vertuani:Novartis: Employment.

Enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in long-term benzodiazepine abusers

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schmauss ◽  
J.-C. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect ◽  
Age And Sex

SynopsisIn 17 benzodiazepine (BDZ) dependent in-patients a CT scan was performed before initiation of withdrawal therapy. The evaluation of the ventricular to brain ratio (VBR) by standardized and computerized measurements revealed significantly higher mean VBRs for both high-and low-dose BDZ-dependent patients compared to the mean VBR of an age- and sex-matched control group. In addition, the mean VBR of high-dose BDZ-dependent patients (N = 8) was significantly higher than the mean VBR of low-dose BDZ-dependent patients (N = 9). This difference could not be accounted for by the age of the patients or duration of BDZ-dependency and, therefore, suggests a dose-dependent effect of BDZs on the enlargement of internal CSF-spaces. On the other hand, higher values for the width of external CSF-spaces were found to be related to increasing age of the patients and duration of BDZ-dependency.

scholarly journals Expanding the Indications for Ibrutinib: Complete Remission Obtained By Induction with Ibrutinib Followed By Consolidative Ahsct in Refractory Primary CNS Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5631-5631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy Brothers
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Salvage Treatment ◽  
Severe Neutropenia ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Introduction Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive sub-type of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Despite initial polychemotherapy that includes High-Dose Methotrexate (HD-MTX), over half of patients will develop recurrent or refractory disease that requires salvage therapy.1 Ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has become an alternative for salvage treatment in relapsed or refractory PCNSL (RR-PCNSL) that is particularly useful in patients who are ineligible for re-induction with HD-chemo. In RR-PCNSL, Ibrutinib led to a progression free survival (PFS) of roughly 5 months when used as monotherapy2,3 and 15 months when used as add-on therapy.4 While its role as salvage treatment has been documented, its use to facilitate consolidative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) in RR-PCNSL is not currently known. The following case describes the first known report of a patient with RR-PCNSL who achieved persistent complete remission following Ibrutinib salvage treatment and consolidative AHSCT. Case Description A 64-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a two-week history ptosis, visual abnormalities, confusion, and increasing fatigue. On physical exam, he was found to have bilateral mydriasis, left third nerve cranial palsy, severe left-sided ptosis, and restricted upwards and downward gaze of the right eye. A contrast-CT was performed which showed multiple areas of abnormal enhancement throughout the frontal lobes, corpus callosum, and midbrain associated with significant vasogenic edema. These findings were confirmed on MRI. He underwent a stereotactic guided burr hole biopsy which was consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Immunohistochemistry performed on the tissue showed that the neoplastic cells were CD3(-), CD5(-), CD20(+), CD10(-), BCL2(subset +), BCL6(+), MUM1(+) and Cyclin D1(-). Staging CT and bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of systemic disease. He was diagnosed with PCNSL and went on to receive induction therapy with Rituximab, Methotrexate, Procarbazine, and Vincristine (R-MPV) with curative intent and received a total of 7 cycles. Initially, he had a significant radiographic response with a repeat MRI post cycle 4 showing only a few small areas of residual enhancement. However, after completion of the 7 cycles of R-MPV, his MRI showed evidence of disease progression with both new and enlarging intra-axial lesions. Given his ECOG of 0 and lack of comorbidities, it was decided that he would proceed with salvage treatment with Cytarabine and Etoposide with curative intent for refractory PCNSL. Unfortunately, after only four weeks of receiving cycle one of Cytarabine and Etoposide, a repeat MRI showed evidence of disease progression. He was then transitioned to palliative therapy with prednisone up until December 2017, at which point he was able to obtain Ibrutinib on a compassionate basis. He was started on Ibrutinib salvage therapy and achieved radiographic evidence of complete remission after four months of treatment. There were minimal adverse effects of Ibrutinib therapy, most notably a severe neutropenia requiring a temporary discontinuation of therapy for two weeks. He underwent consolidative AHSCT with Thiotepa, Busulfan and Melphalan conditioning in August 2018. His post-transplant course was complicated by culture negative febrile neutropenia with a subsequent source determined to be Clostridium difficile for which he was treated. An MRI head performed 3 months after his AHSCT showed no evidence of recurrent or residual disease. He continues to be followed by the Hematology Service in Newfoundland and has remained in complete remission since. Conclusions This case demonstrates the feasibility of a salvage approach using Ibrutinib followed by AHSCT when standard salvage options have been exhausted in refractory PCNSL. OffLabel Disclosure: Ibrutinib's indications do not currently include use as a induction treatment prior to AHSCT in refractory/recurrent PCNSL.

Outcome of patients with Hodgkin's disease failing after primary MOPP-ABVD.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Bonfante ◽  
A Santoro ◽  
S Viviani ◽  
L Devizzi ◽  
M Balzarotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
High Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disease Extent

PURPOSE This study analyzed long-term results in patients with Hodgkin's disease who were resistant to or relapsed after first-line treatment with MOPP and ABVD. Response to salvage treatments and prognostic factors were also evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population included 115 refractory or relapsed patients among a total of 415 patients treated with alternating or hybrid MOPP-ABVD followed by radiotherapy (25 to 30 Gy) to initial bulky sites. The median follow-up duration of the present series was 91 months. Thirty-nine of 115 patients (34%) showed disease progression while on primary treatment (induction failures); 48 relapsed after complete remissions that lasted < or = 12 months and 28 after complete remission that lasted more than 12 months from the end of all treatments. RESULTS At 8 years, the overall survival rate was 27%, being 54% and 28% in patients whose initial complete remission was longer or shorter than 12 months, respectively, and 8% in induction failures (P < .001). Response to first-line chemotherapy and disease extent at first progression significantly influenced long-term results, as well as the incidence and duration of complete remission. CONCLUSION The present data confirm previous observations that showed the main prognostic factors to influence outcome after salvage treatment are response duration to first-line therapy and disease extent at relapse. The results indicate that patients who relapse after the alternating MOPP/ABVD regimen have a prognosis similar to that of patients who relapse after a four-drug regimen (MOPP or ABVD alone). Re-treatment with initial chemotherapy seems the treatment of choice for patients who relapse after an initial complete remission that lasts greater than 12 months, while the real impact of high-dose chemotherapy or new regimens should be assessed in resistant patients.

Practically All Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Continuous Complete Remission for 3 Years or More Are Cured of Their Disease: The ECOG Experience

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Justin M Watts ◽  
Lynette Zickl ◽  
Mark R Litzow ◽  
Selina M Luger ◽  
Hillard M Lazarus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Late Relapse ◽  
Published Data ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Abstract 132 Late relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been infrequently studied and variably defined in the literature. Two series have shown that late relapse of AML ≥5 years after first complete remission (CR1) is uncommon, with rates of 1.19–3% (Medeiros et al, Leuk Lymphoma 2007; Verma et al, Leuk Lymphoma 2010). We searched the long-term data available on 784 adults (<60 years-old) who were treated on 1 of 4 ECOG clinical trials (E3483, PC486, E3489, or E1900) and achieved CR1 for reports of late relapse (defined as recurrence of AML ≥3 years after CR1). Median follow-up for the 553 patients last known alive was 11.1 years. The longest median follow-up was 17.2 years on trial PC486. Outcomes We found that 11 patients (1.4%) relapsed late; of these, 2 were treated on E3483, 1 on PC486, 5 on E3489, and 3 on E1900. Seven patients with late relapse died from their disease and 4 were living at last known follow-up. Only 1 patient (0.13%) had recurrence of AML ≥5 years after achieving CR1. It is possible that more late relapses will occur on E1900 (a more recent study with ongoing follow-up). All of these trials except E3483 treated some patients with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT) as part of post remission therapy. On PC486, no post remission consolidation chemotherapy was administered before autoHCT. Ninety-eight total patients on E3489 and PC486 received autoHCT, and there were no late relapses; on E1900, 2 of the 141 patients treated with autoHCT developed late relapse. No patients who underwent allogeneic (allo) HCT in CR1 experienced late relapse on any of the 4 clinical trials. Nine of the 11 patients with late relapse did not undergo HCT; of these, 5 were consolidated with high-dose cytarabine, 2 received maintenance with low-dose cytarabine and 6-thioguanine, and 2 received unknown post remission therapy. Of the 3 patients with late relapse on E1900, 2 received standard-dose and 1 high-dose daunorubicin with induction. Conclusions Across all 4 trials, only 2 of the 239 patients (0.8%) treated with post remission autoHCT experienced late relapse of AML (≥3 years after CR1), which reinforces previously published data that late relapse after autoHCT is uncommon (Cassileth et al, J Clin Oncol 1993). Furthermore, of the 35 patients treated with autoHCT on PC486, 11 relapsed early and no patients relapsed late, suggesting that post remission chemotherapy may not be necessary before autoHCT. Based on this large AML cohort of nearly 800 patients with long-term follow-up, patients who remain in CCR for at least 3 years have a very low risk of relapse and can be considered cured of their disease. Moreover, given that recurrent AML was extremely rare after 5 years or more of CCR (<0.2%), the risk of therapy-related AML from contemporary induction and post remission strategies including HCT appears to be minimal. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A survey of methadone prescribing at an inner-city drug service and a comparison with national data

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
High Dose ◽  
National Data ◽  
Methadone Dose ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Time In Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Aims and Method Surveys suggest that UK drug services under-prescribe methadone to opiate-dependent patients. This study investigated methadone prescribing for 169 patients on long-term methadone at a specialist drug service. Results The mean methadone dose for patients on maintenance was 65.8 mg, and 67.7% were taking 50 mg or more. Mean doses in relation to methadone formulation varied substantially: mixture 57.4 mg, tablets 81.8 mg and ampoules 113.0 mg. These figures are higher than those reported from national surveys. The proportion of urine screens positive for illicit opiates was inversely related both to methadone dose and length of time in treatment. Clinical Implications This survey shows the levels of methadone prescribing at an inner-city drug service and gives support to the effectiveness of high-dose methadone maintenance.

xxx

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8123-8123
Author(s):  
C. Tarella ◽  
M. Zanni ◽  
A. Rambaldi ◽  
F. Benedetti ◽  
R. Passera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Survival

8123 Background: The high-dose sequential (HDS) chemotherapy approach, including early dose-intensification and autograft with peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC), was introduced several years ago (Gianni & Bonadonna, 1989); subsequently, it has been broadly used in the management of both non-Hodgkin s (NHL) and Hodgkin s Lymphoma (HL). The outcome of a large series of lymphoma patients treated with the HDS approach at 10 GITIL Centers is reported. Methods: Data have been collected on 1,266 patients, who received either the original or slightly modified HDS regimens. There were 213 HL and 1,053 NHL (630 intermediate/high-grade, 423 low-grade); median age was 46 yrs. Overall, 671 (53%) patients had refractory/relapsed disease, 595 (47%) were at diagnosis. Most patients were autografted with PBPC; 158 (12%) patients did not undergo autografting due to toxicity, disease progression or poor harvests. Results: Overall, 1,013 (80%) patients reached Complete Remission (CR) following HDS. As to December 2006, 93 (7%) patients died for early/late toxicities, 328 (26%) died for lymphoma, 844 are known to be alive. At a lead follow-up of 18 years, and a median follow-up of 5 yrs, the 5-yr Overall Survival (OS) projection is 64% (S.E.: 2%). The long-term survival was quite favorable in patients achieving a Complete Remission (CR), with a 5-yr OS projection of 76%. The prolonged OS in patients achieving CR was consistent in all lymphoma subtypes, i.e. both low and high-grade NHL (5-yr OS: 77% in both), and HL (5-yr OS: 72%). Patients at diagnosis had a significantly better outcome compared to patients treated for relapsed/refractory disease, again CR achievement was associated with prolonged survival in both subgroups (82% and 69%, respectively, at 5 yrs.). On multivariate Cox survival analysis, CR achievement was the most powerful predictor of long-term survival (HR 0.13, c.i.: 0.10–0.17). Lastly, achieving substantial tumor reduction before autografting had a major influence on the clinical outcome. Conclusions: 1. the HDS program is feasible in a multicenter setting; 2. the long-term outcome is well influenced by the CR status after HDS; 3. the influence of CR achievement on the long-term survival holds true in all lymphoma subtypes, including indolent lymphomas; 4. an adequate pre-autograft tumor debulking may contribute to a favorable long-term outcome. [Table: see text]

Long-term results in multiple myeloma treated with high-dose melphalan and autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation and achieving complete remission.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18564-e18564
Author(s):  
Massimo Vincenzo Martino ◽  
Maurizio Postorino ◽  
Giuseppe Alberto Gallo ◽  
Giuseppe Irrera ◽  
Eugenio Piro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
High Dose Melphalan

e18564 Background: Major progress has been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in recent years, including the introduction of novel agents and transplant strategy. High-dose melphalan (HDM) followed by autologous haematopoietic stell cell transplantation (AHSCT) remains an integral component of upfront treatment strategy. Many studies stress the importance of achieving a deeper response as a surrogate for improved survival but, despite the improvements, MM remains incurable and long-term survival appears elusive. The aim of study is to establish the actual prognosis for the different response categories in the same original cohort of patients with MM treated with HDM and AHSCT after long-term follow-up. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of MM patients treated up-front in the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Reggio Calabria between 1994 and 2006. Disease response was assessed with the use of criteria from the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation modified to include Complete Remission (CR) and near Complete Remission (nCR). Results: The study group was composed by 150 patients (age at 1st AHSCT M±SD 55±9 years, male 64%); 94 (63%) of them had 2 AHSCT. After treatments 22 (15%) patients have a CR, 32 (21%) a nCR and 90(64.0%) a PR. After a mean follow up of 50 months the cumulative probability of survival was 69% for patients with CR, 43% for those in nCR and 0% for patients in PR (log-rank test P PR vs nCR=0.006; CR vs nCR and nCR vs PR<0.001 ). The estimate mean survival for patients with CR, nCR and PR was respectively 166, 81 and 46 months. For patients with CR the survival curves showed a plateau of cumulative probability of survival after 134 months. Conclusions: In MM achieving a CR after HDM and AHSCT is a central prognostic factor. The relapse rate is low in patients with >11 years of follow-up, possibly signifying durable remission in patients in CR.

Results of the Largest Study on Post-Transplant-Lymphoproliferations (PTLDs) of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the Rituximab Era: A Surprising Overrepresentation of Kidney Transplantations, Key Importance of Methotrexate (Mtx), Cytarabine (AraC) and Radiotherapy (RX) for Long Term Survival and Low Impact of Rituximab (R)

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3614-3614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Choquet ◽  
Stefan Oertel ◽  
Ioannis Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Hanno Riess ◽  
Madalina Uzunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: PTLD is a rare and severe complication of solid organ and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation and CNS localizations are well known to be associated with an unfavourable outcome. Published data on PTLD with CNS involvement (CNS-PTLDs) are nearly inexistent and the impact of rituximab is unknown. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on CNS-PTLDs in two centres, the Pitié salpêtrière university hospital in Paris, France, and the Charité university hospital in Berlin, Germany, in order to have an homogeneous way to handle these diseases and to avoid biases of large national registers. PTLDs with extra-CNS localization were excluded. While attitudes for diagnosis, staging and initial immunosuppression diminution were identical, one centre largely used intravenous (iv) rituximab and radiotherapy while the other preferred high dose chemotherapy. The Pitié Salpêtrière series of 72 PTLD patients without CNS involvement served as a control population to identify specific disease characteristics of primary CNS-PTLD. Results: 24 patients with CNS-PTLD (median age 55y) have been analyzed and compared to the non-CNS PTLD group (table I). The mean follow-up of patients alive is 5 years. Primary CNS-PTLD are clearly of late onset (mean 1366 days after transplantation) with only 3/24 patients diagnosed within the first year after transplantation. There was a significant overrepresentation of renal allografts in the CNS-PTLD group as compared to PTLDs without CNS involvement, (75% vs 29%). Primary CNS-PTLDs were always of B-cell phenotype and tumors were EBV positive in 88% of cases. Treatment of primary CNS-PTLDs consisted of chemotherapy (CT) alone with high dose (HD) Mtx and/or HD AraC in 8 cases, intrathecal (it) Mtx only in 1 case and it single agent rituximab in 1 case. Rituximab has been used in combination with CT in 2 cases. Radiotherapy (RX) was used at a mean dose of 30 Gy in combination with CT in 6 patients, and in combination with rituximab in 6 patients. The overall survival of patients suffering from primary CNS-PTLD was 180 days, but some patients obtained sustained complete remissions (CR) and 11 survived more than one year [395d – 3965d]. Eight patients are alive at the time of analysis, 9 died of PTLD progression and 2 by early sepsis. The mean DFS is 1456 days. Among the 13 patients obtaining a CR, only one relapsed 6 years after his first PTLD diagnosis in an extra CNS form. Five patients died, 3 by sudden death (d60, d408, d671), one by cerebral toxoplasmosis (d703) and one by sepsis (d91). Among patients with long term survival, 5 have been treated with CT alone, 3 by RX +/− R and 3 with combined CT-RX. The role of rituximab in primary CNS-PTLD is still unclear, as only 4/9 patients treated with rituximab achieved survival, all the more so since it as been always used but once in association. Concusion: Primary CNS-PTLD is a specific entity inside the PTLD family, with a high representation of kidney grafts and EBV positive tumors. As in immunocompetent patients, long survival is possible, especially with HD CT with or without RX. The impact of rituximab seems to be reduced. CNS-PTLD Non CNS PTLD n 24 72 Age (years) 55 47 Sex ratio (M/F) 12/12 49/72 Delay from transplantation 1366 days 830 Kidney transplantation 75% (18/24) 29% Monomorphic/polymorphic 86% (19/22) 68% B phenotype 100% (24/24) 90% EBV positive (tumor) 88% (21/24) 71% ECOG > 2 33% (7/21) 14% (18/70) Overall survival 180 days 372 days Table1: comparison between primary CNS-PTLD and non CNS-PTLD

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