scholarly journals Acute thrombocytopenic purpura in relation to the use of drugs

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2714-2718
Author(s):  
DW Kaufman ◽  
JP Kelly ◽  
CB Johannes ◽  
A Sandler ◽  
D Harmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Eastern Massachusetts ◽  
Control Study

The relation of acute thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) to the use of drugs was investigated in a case-control study conducted in eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Philadelphia region; 62 cases over the age of 16 years with acute onset and with a rapid recovery were compared with 2,625 hospital controls. After control for confounding by multiple logistic regression, use of the following drugs in the week before the onset of symptoms was significantly associated: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (relative risk [RR] estimate, 124), quinidine/quinine (101), dipyridamole (14), sulfonylureas (4.8), and salicylates (2.6). The overall annual incidence of acute TP was estimated to be 18 cases per million population. The excess risks for the associated drugs were estimated to be 38 cases per million users of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole per week, 26 per million for quinidine/quinine, 3.9 per million for dipyridamole, 1.2 per million for sulfonylureas, and 0.4 per million for salicylates. Associations with sulfonamides, quinidine/quinine, sulfonylureas, and salicylates have been previously reported, but the present study has provided the first quantitative measures of the risk. The association with dipyridamole was unexpected. In general, despite large RRs, the incidence rates attributable to the drugs at issue (excess risks) were low, suggesting that TP is not an important consideration in the use of the various drugs.

scholarly journals Acute thrombocytopenic purpura in relation to the use of drugs

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2714-2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Kaufman ◽  
JP Kelly ◽  
CB Johannes ◽  
A Sandler ◽  
D Harmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Eastern Massachusetts ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The relation of acute thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) to the use of drugs was investigated in a case-control study conducted in eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Philadelphia region; 62 cases over the age of 16 years with acute onset and with a rapid recovery were compared with 2,625 hospital controls. After control for confounding by multiple logistic regression, use of the following drugs in the week before the onset of symptoms was significantly associated: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (relative risk [RR] estimate, 124), quinidine/quinine (101), dipyridamole (14), sulfonylureas (4.8), and salicylates (2.6). The overall annual incidence of acute TP was estimated to be 18 cases per million population. The excess risks for the associated drugs were estimated to be 38 cases per million users of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole per week, 26 per million for quinidine/quinine, 3.9 per million for dipyridamole, 1.2 per million for sulfonylureas, and 0.4 per million for salicylates. Associations with sulfonamides, quinidine/quinine, sulfonylureas, and salicylates have been previously reported, but the present study has provided the first quantitative measures of the risk. The association with dipyridamole was unexpected. In general, despite large RRs, the incidence rates attributable to the drugs at issue (excess risks) were low, suggesting that TP is not an important consideration in the use of the various drugs.

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Matthew I Hardman ◽  
◽  
S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽  
Michelle R Schmugge ◽  
Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

scholarly journals Patient Transfers and Clostridioides Difficile Infections: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Edman-Wallér ◽  
Sakari Suominen ◽  
Gunnar Jacobsson ◽  
Maria Werner
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Transfers ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile spores are present in the hospital environment. We hypothesized that patient transfers between rooms is an independent risk factor for C. difficile infections (CDI), as this increases the environmental exposition. We performed a retrospective case-control study at a public 400-bed hospital in western Sweden. Methods Hospital-acquired CDI cases at Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Sweden, during two different years (n = 65) were included in the case group. A random, unmatched selection of patients tested negative for CDI served as control group (n = 101). The number of rooms each patient occupied during hospitalization was the primary variable. Odds ratios (OR) for CDI were calculated by simple and multiple logistic regression. Results The number of rooms occupied was not an independent risk factor (OR per room 1.1, 95 % CI: 0.8–1.4) when data were adjusted for duration of hospitalization, which was the only statistically significant variable (OR per additional week of care: 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.2–2.3) in the multiple logistic regression model. The risk associated with the duration of hospitalization was larger among patients who stayed in four or more rooms (OR per additional week of care: 2.5, 95 % CI: 1.1–5.6) than among patients that stayed in one room only (OR per additional week of care: 1.3, 95 % CI: 0.7–2.4). Conclusions The risk for C. difficile infections increase with time of care, and patient transfers might amplify the risk, although we could not prove it to be an independent risk factor in this limited case-control study.

Hyponatraemia as a predictor of mortality in medical admissions in Ghana - A case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Koranteng Tannor ◽  
Emmanuel Owusu Akumiah ◽  
Abena Yeboaa Tannor ◽  
Yasmin A Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Admission ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract Background Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospital admissions. It occurs in a quarter of medical admissions in Ghana and its associated with high mortality. Mortality has been suggested to be due to the underlying medical condition and not necessarily the hyponatraemia. We set out to compare the outcomes of patients with documented hyponatraemia as compared to those with normonatraemia in terms of mortality and length of hospital stay.Methods We conducted a case control study of patients with hyponatraemia as compared to those with normonatraemia on the medical ward at the Komfo Anokye Teaching hospital between May 2018 to December 2018. The medical diagnoses, demographics and laboratory data of the patients were recorded. Participants’ age and gender were matched. Student t test was used to test for differences in continuous variables when parametric and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for non-parametric variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of mortality. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Within the study period there were 846 patients recruited. This included 406 patients with hyponatraemia and 440 patients as controls. Serum albumin and protein were significantly lower in the hyponatraemia patients as compared to those with normal sodium concentration. The mortality rate in patients with hyponatraemia was significantly higher than those with normonatraemia 129 (31.8%) vs 98 (22.3%) [OR 1.62 (CI 1.19-2.22) p=0.002]. In-hospital stay was longer in patients with hyponatraemia than normonatraemia 7 (4-10) vs 6 (3-10) but not statistically significant (p=0.09). Multiple logistic regression showed that low serum sodium concentration (p<0.001) and low serum albumin concentration (p=0.009) were the predictors of in-hospital mortality.Conclusion Hyponatraemia is associated with significantly higher mortality than normonatraemia and predicts worse prognosis in patients on medical admission. Low serum albumin is also a predictor of mortality in medical admission.

scholarly journals Risk factors and etiology of neonatal sepsis after hospital delivery: A case-control study in a tertiary care hospital of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242275
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rafi ◽  
M. Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Md. Golam Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

Background Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal death worldwide as well as in Bangladesh. The objective of the present study was to identify the risk factors and causative organisms of neonatal sepsis after delivery in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh. Methods This was a case-control study conducted in the neonatal ward of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), a 1000-bed tertiary hospital situated in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Neonates diagnosed as neonatal sepsis by clinical and laboratory parameters were included as cases in this study. Admitted neonates unsuspected or undiagnosed for sepsis were considered as controls. Maternal and neonatal information and their laboratory reports were collected and analyzed. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the risk factors of neonatal sepsis. Results A total of 91 cases and 193 controls were included in the study. Maternal history of urinary tract infection (UTI) during the third trimester of pregnancy (aOR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.04–7.23, p <0.05), premature birth (aOR 2.77, 95% CI: 1.08–7.13, p <0.05) and APGAR score <7 at five minutes (aOR 2.58, 95% CI: 1.04–6.39, p <0.05) were associated with onset of neonatal sepsis in multiple logistic regression model. All these factors were also associated with developing early-onset neonatal sepsis, while maternal UTI and male sex of neonates were associated with developing late-onset neonatal sepsis. Escherichia coli (40.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.5%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.7%) were the commonly isolated organisms causing neonatal sepsis. All these organisms were highly resistant to common antibiotics like amoxicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Carbapenemase group of drugs along with amikacin, nitrofurantoin and linezolid were the most sensitive drugs. Conclusions Strengthening the existing facility for antenatal screening for early diagnosis and treatment of maternal infection during pregnancy as well as identifying high-risk pregnancy for adequate perinatal management is necessary to prevent neonatal sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. Rational use of antibiotics according to local epidemiology and culture and sensitivity reports may minimize the increasing hazards of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals faktor risiko kejadian miopia anak (<20 tahun) di balai kesehatan mata masyarakat kota makassar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
A. fitria Nur Annisa ◽  
A. zulkifli Abdullah ◽  
Syamsiar R Russeng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

Jumlah kasus Kelainan Refraksi di BKMM Kota Makassar tahun 2016 sebanyak 8105 kasus (29%). Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai besar risiko jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga, kebiasaan membaca buku dan kebiasaan menonton televisi terhadap kejadian miopia pada anak (<20 tahun) di BKMM Kota Makassar Tahun 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan case control study. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sistematik random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 164 orang anak (<20 tahun) yang terdiri dari 82 kasus dan 82 kontrol. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Odds Ratio dan multiple logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berisiko terhadap kejadian miopia, yaitu jenis kelamin (OR= 2,939; 95%CI: 1,543-5,600), riwayat keluarga (OR= 3,839; 95%CI: 1,961-7,518), jarak membaca buku (OR= 8,517; 95%CI: 3,764-19,273), durasi membaca buku (OR= 3,546; 95% CI: 1,662-7,565), jarak menonton televisi (OR= 3,864; 95%CI: 1,518-5,403) dan durasi menonton televisi (OR= 7,474; 95%CI: 3,463-16,129). Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa durasi menonton televisimerupakan faktor yang paling berisiko terhadap kejadian miopia (OR= 18,457; 95%CI: 5,081-67,050). Kesimpulannya, variabel jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga, kebiasaan membaca buku dan kebiasaan menonton televisi merupakan faktor risiko kejadian miopia anak (<20 tahun) di BKMM Kota Makassar.

Risk factors associated with subacromial pain in young athletes: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zoran Z. Sarcevic ◽  
Andreja P. Tepavcevic
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sternoclavicular Joint ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Trapezius ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Subacromial pain (SAP) is a common complaint of young athletes, independently of the sport engaged. The prevalence of SAP in some sports is up to 50%. OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to investigate some new factors possibly associated to subacromial pain in young athletes. The factors considered were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. METHODS: This case-control study included 82 young athletes 9–15 years, 41 with the symptoms of SAP and 41 controls. All participants self-reported whether they had subacromial pain. In addition, Hawkins–Kennedy Test was performed to all the participants to evaluate the subacromial pressure. Main outcome measures were the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major, dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint, and serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength. The grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint were measured with an inclinometer. Serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength were measured by a handheld dynamometer with external belt-fixation. The data were analyzed using t-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U test, contingency coefficients and a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Significant statistical difference was observed in the grade of tightness of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major and in the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint, between the cases and the controls. There was no significant difference in serratus anterior and lower trapezius strength between the cases and the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variable representing the physiological functioning of the sternoclavicular joint and the grade of shortening of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major were good predictors for presence of SAP. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was determined between subacromial pain in young athletes, clavicular portion of pectoralis major tightness and the dysfunction of the sternoclavicular joint.

scholarly journals Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic, Black, sub-Saharan African, hypertensive patients: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Kianu Phanzu ◽  
Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila ◽  
Eleuthère Kintoki Vita ◽  
Jean-René M’Buyamba Kabangu ◽  
Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension. Methods A case–control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables. Results Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by threefold [aOR 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by eightfold [aOR 8.4; 95 (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001]. Conclusion Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to obesity and IR. A prospective population-based study of Black sub-Saharan individuals that includes the use of serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role played by IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Childhood Cancer in Armenia: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manushak Avagyan ◽  
Lusine Abrahamyan ◽  
Anahit Demirchyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
Control Study

Background: Childhood cancer (CC) is a leading cause of death among children aged 0-19 years worldwide. Each year, 400,000 new cases of CC are diagnosed globally. Given the between-country differences in CC incidence rates, types and trends, this study aimed to identify possible risk factors for CC in Armenia. Methods: We used a case-control study design by enrolling participants from the only specialized pediatric hematology and oncology center in Armenia. Cases included patients ≤14 years old diagnosed and treated with a malignant disease between 2017-2020 in the centre. Controls included patients diagnosed and treated in the center during the same period for a non-malignant disease. We conducted telephone interviews with mothers of cases and controls. Independent risk factors of cancer were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, 234 participants (117 cases, 117 controls) were included in the study. Based on the fitted model, maternal usage of folic acid during pregnancy was protective against CC, almost twice decreasing its odds (OR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.31-0.94). On the contrary, experiencing horrifying/terrifying event(s) during pregnancy (OR=2.19; 95% CI: 1.18-4.07) and having induced abortions before getting pregnant with the given child (OR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.45-5.96) were associated with higher odds for a child to develop cancer. Conclusion: This study identified three important modifiable risk factors for CC in Armenia, all related to the period of pregnancy. The findings indicate the importance of education on stress reduction during pregnancy, the use of folic acid prior to and during pregnancy, and avoidance of induced abortions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document