scholarly journals Maternal intake of sugar during pregnancy and childhood respiratory and atopic outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1700073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Bédard ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
A. John Henderson ◽  
Seif O. Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serum Total Ige ◽  
In Pregnancy

The possible role of maternal consumption of free sugar during pregnancy in the inception of respiratory and atopic diseases has not been studied. We aimed to study the relationship between maternal intake of free sugar during pregnancy and respiratory and atopic outcomes in the offspring in a population-based birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.We analysed associations between maternal intake of free sugar in pregnancy (estimated by a food frequency questionnaire), and current doctor-diagnosed asthma, wheezing, hay fever, eczema, atopy, serum total IgE and lung function in children aged 7–9 years (n=8956 with information on maternal diet in pregnancy and at least one outcome of interest).After controlling for potential confounders, maternal intake of free sugar was positively associated with atopy (OR for highest versus lowest quintile of sugar intake 1.38, 95% CI 1.06–1.78; per quintile p-trend=0.006) and atopic asthma (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.23–3.29; per quintile p-trend=0.004). These associations were not confounded by intake of sugar in early childhood, which was unrelated to these outcomes.Our results suggest that a higher maternal intake of free sugar during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of atopy and atopic asthma in the offspring, independently of sugar intake in early childhood.

scholarly journals Associations between Free Sugar and Sugary Beverage Intake in Early Childhood and Adult NAFLD in a Population-Based UK Cohort

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Ahlia Sekkarie ◽  
Jean A. Welsh ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Aryeh D. Stein ◽  
Usha Ramakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sugary Beverages ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

(1) Background: High sugar intake is prevalent among children and is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study is to determine if a high intake of free sugars and sugary beverages (SB) in childhood is associated with NAFLD in adulthood; (2) Methods: At 24 years, 3095 participants were assessed for severe hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter >280 dB/m) and had dietary data collected via a food frequency questionnaire at age three years. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for total energy intake, potential confounders, and a mediator (offspring body mass index (BMI) at 24 years); (3) Results: Per quintile increase of free sugar intake association with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years after adjusting for total energy was odds ratio (OR):1.07 (95% CL: 0.99–1.17). Comparing the lowest vs. the highest free sugar consumers, the association was OR:1.28 (95% CL: 0.88–1.85) and 1.14 (0.72, 1.82) after full adjustment. The OR for high SB consumption (>2/day) compared to <1/day was 1.23 (95% CL: 0.82–1.84) and OR: 0.98 (95% CL: 0.60–1.60) after full adjustment; (4) Conclusions: High free sugar and SB intake at three years were positively but weakly associated with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years. These associations were completely attenuated after adjusting for confounders and 24-year BMI.

scholarly journals Prenatal electrocardiogram testing and postpartum depression: A population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110125
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Zipursky ◽  
Deva Thiruchelvam ◽  
Donald A Redelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Clue ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Cardiovascular symptoms in pregnancy may be a clue to psychological distress. We examined whether electrocardiogram testing in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of subsequent postpartum depression. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study of pregnant women who delivered in Ontario, Canada comparing women who received a prenatal ECG to women who did not. Results In total, 3,238,218 women gave birth during the 25-year study period of whom 157,352 (5%) received an electrocardiogram during prenatal care. Receiving an electrocardiogram test was associated with a one-third relative increase in the odds of postpartum depression (odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.29–1.39, p < 0.001). Conclusion The association between prenatal electrocardiogram testing and postpartum depression suggests a possible link of organic disease with mental illness, and emphasizes that cardiovascular symptoms may be a clinical clue to the presence of an underlying mood disorder.

Behcet’s disease and pregnancy: obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in a population-based cohort of 12 million births

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seohyuk Lee ◽  
Nicholas Czuzoj-Shulman ◽  
Haim Arie Abenhaim
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractBackgroundBehcet’s disease (BD) is a rare, multi-systemic inflammatory disorder for which only limited and contradictory data exists in the context of pregnancy. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of BD in pregnancy and to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes associated with pregnant women living with BD.MethodsUsing the 1999–2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the United States, we performed a population-based retrospective cohort study consisting of pregnancies that occurred during this time period. ICD-9 codes were used to identify delivery admissions to women with or without BD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted effects of BD on maternal and fetal outcomes.ResultsAmong the 12,592,676 pregnancies in our cohort, 144 were to women with BD, for an overall prevalence of 1.14 cases/100,000 births between 1999 and 2013. Over the study period, the prevalence of BD rose from 0.5 to 2.4/100,000 births. Women with BD demonstrated a two-fold greater frequency of non-delivery hospital admissions during pregnancy, and were more likely to be Caucasian, have private medical insurance, be of the upper income quartiles, and deliver at an urban teaching hospital. Women with BD were at greater risk for preterm labor and postpartum venous thromboembolism, while their newborns were more likely to be born premature.ConclusionBD-associated pregnancies are increasing in prevalence and are associated with a greater risk for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy. Appropriate thromboprophylaxis during pregnancy should be considered given the increased risk for venous thromboembolism.

scholarly journals Acquisition and Elimination of Bacterial Vaginosis During Pregnancy: A Danish Population-Based Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Vogel ◽  
Poul Thorsen ◽  
Bernard Jeune ◽  
Bo Jacobsson ◽  
Niels Ebbesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Vaginal Ph ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objectives: the aim was to examine factors associated with acquisition and elimination of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.Methods: a group of 229 pregnant women were randomly selected from a population-based prospective cohort study of 2927. They were examined at enrollment (mean gestational weeks16w+0d) and again in mid-third trimester (mean gestational age32w+3d).Measures: BV (Amsel's clinical criteria), microbiological cultures of the genital tract and questionnaire data.Results: BV prevalence decreased from 17% in early second trimester to 14% in mid-third trimester due to a tenfold higher elimination rate (39%) than incidence rate (4%). Heavy smokers(>10/d)in early pregnancy were at increased risk(5.3 [1.1−25])for the acquisition of BV during pregnancy, as were women receiving public benefits(4.8 [1.0−22]), having a vaginal pH above4.5 (6.3 [1.4−29])or vaginal anaerobe bacteria(18 [2.7−122])at enrollment. A previous use of combined oral contraceptives was preventive for the acquisition of BV(0.2 [0.03−0.96]). Elimination of BV in pregnancy tended to be associated with a heavy growth ofLactobacillus (3.2 [0.8−13])at enrollment.Conclusions: acquisition of BV during pregnancy is rare and is associated with smoking, while the presence of anaerobe bacteria and a vaginal pH> 4.5are interpreted as steps on a gradual change towards BV. In the same way heavy growth ofLactobacillusspp in early pregnancy may be an indicator of women on the way to eliminate BV.

scholarly journals Topiramate use early in pregnancy and the risk of oral clefts

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. e342-e351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Hernandez-Diaz ◽  
Krista F. Huybrechts ◽  
Rishi J. Desai ◽  
Jacqueline M. Cohen ◽  
Helen Mogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Median Daily Dose ◽  
In Pregnancy

ObjectiveTo assess the relative risk of oral clefts associated with maternal use of high and low doses of topiramate during the first trimester for epilepsy and nonepilepsy indications.MethodsThis population-based study nested in the US 2000–2010 Medicaid Analytic eXtract included a cohort of 1,360,101 pregnant women with a live-born infant enrolled in Medicaid from 3 months before conception through 1 month after delivery. Oral clefts were defined as the presence of a recorded diagnosis in claims during the first 90 days after birth. Women with a topiramate dispensing during the first trimester were compared with those without any dispensing and with an active reference group of women with a lamotrigine dispensing during the first trimester. Risk ratios (RRs) were estimated with generalized linear models with fine stratification on the propensity score of treatment to control for potential confounders. Stratified analyses by indication of use and dose were conducted.ResultsThe risk of oral clefts at birth was 4.1 per 1,000 in the 2,425 infants born to women exposed to topiramate compared with 1.1 per 1,000 in the unexposed group (RR 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–5.40). The RR among women with epilepsy was 8.30 (95% CI 2.65–26.07); among women with other indications such as bipolar disorder, it was 1.45 (95% CI 0.54–3.86). The median daily dose for the first prescription filled during the first trimester was 200 mg for women with epilepsy and 100 mg for women without epilepsy. For topiramate monotherapy, the RR for oral clefts associated with doses ≤100 mg was 1.64 (95% CI 0.53–5.07) and for doses >100 mg it was 5.16 (95% CI 1.94–13.73). Results were similar when lamotrigine was used as a reference group.ConclusionThe increased risk of oral clefts associated with use of topiramate early in pregnancy was more pronounced in women with epilepsy, who used higher doses.

scholarly journals Utility of the waist-to-height ratio as an instrument to measure parental perception of body weight in children and its use in a population-based survey of children

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Nambiar ◽  
Helen Truby ◽  
Ian Hughes ◽  
Peter SW Davies
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Overweight Status ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate which anthropometric measure of overweight status, BMI or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), is most closely associated with parents’ perception of their child's overweight status.DesignThe sensitivity and specificity of parental perception against child-specific BMI and WHtR definitions of overweight were tested.SettingPrimary schools in Queensland, Australia.SubjectsBoys and girls aged 9·00–11·99 years (n 1431).ResultsOf the 138 boys and 202 girls who were classified as overweight according to BMI, only 27·5 % (boys) and 22·7 % (girls) were also perceived as overweight by their parents. Using WHtR, 206 boys and 333 girls were classified as overweight, of whom only 21·9 % and 13·8 %, respectively, were perceived as overweight. Perception of overweight was underestimated in approximately 15 % of boys and 21 % of girls when compared with BMI. Underestimation was higher when compared with WHtR: 25 % (boys) and 39 % (girls). Overweight prevalence was significantly lower according to perception than according to BMI or WHtR. Mother's education level was significantly associated with accurate perception of overweight status (P < 0·001).ConclusionsThe sensitivity of parental perception of child overweight was higher when BMI was used. However, emphasis needs to be placed on using WHtR as an actual measure of overweight because high central adiposity is associated with increased risk of CVD. The combined use of WHtR, body-shape images rather than word responses regarding perception and public health messages that educate parents and children about body shape and associated health risks may be the best combination in improving parents’ perception of their child's overweight status.

scholarly journals Nutritional intake and dietary patterns in pregnancy: a longitudinal study of women with lifetime eating disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2093-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Micali ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Pauline Emmett ◽  
Ulrike Naumann ◽  
Janet L. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
In Pregnancy

There is limited knowledge about dietary patterns and nutrient/food intake during pregnancy in women with lifetime eating disorders (ED). The objective of the present study was to determine patterns of food and nutrient intake in women with lifetime ED as part of an existing longitudinal population-based cohort: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Women with singleton pregnancies and no lifetime psychiatric disorders other than ED (n 9723) were compared with women who reported lifetime (ever) ED: (anorexia nervosa (AN, n 151), bulimia nervosa (BN, n 186) or both (AN+BN, n 77)). Women reported usual food consumption using a FFQ at 32 weeks of gestation. Nutrient intakes, frequency of consumption of food groups and overall dietary patterns were examined. Women with lifetime ED were compared with control women using linear regression and logistic regression (as appropriate) after adjustment for relevant covariates, and for multiple comparisons. Women with lifetime ED scored higher on the ‘vegetarian’ dietary pattern; they had a lower intake of meat, which was compensated by a higher consumption of soya products and pulses compared with the controls. Lifetime AN increased the risk for a high ( ≥ 2500 g/week) caffeine consumption in pregnancy. No deficiencies in mineral and vitamin intake were evident across the groups, although small differences were observed in macronutrient intakes. In conclusion, despite some differences in food group consumption, women with lifetime ED had similar patterns of nutrient intake to healthy controls. Important differences in relation to meat eating and vegetarianism were highlighted, as well as high caffeine consumption. These differences might have an important impact on fetal development.

scholarly journals Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1659-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Solmi ◽  
J. F. Hayes ◽  
G. Lewis ◽  
J. B. Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
General Population Cohort ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment ◽  
In Pregnancy

BackgroundCongenital or early life infection with Toxoplasma gondii has been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Childhood cat ownership has been hypothesized as an intermediary marker of T. gondii infection and, by proxy, as a risk factor for later psychosis. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is, however, limited.MethodWe used birth cohort data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to investigate whether cat ownership in pregnancy and childhood (ages 4 and 10 years) was associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) in early (age 13, N = 6705) and late (age 18, N = 4676) adolescence, rated from semi-structured interviews. We used logistic regression to examine associations between cat ownership and PEs, adjusting for several sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, household characteristics and dog ownership. Missing data were handled via multiple imputation.ResultsCat ownership during pregnancy was not associated with PEs at age 13 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.35] or 18 years (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.86–1.35). Initial univariable evidence that cat ownership at ages 4 and 10 years was associated with PEs at age 13 years did not persist after multivariable adjustment (4 years: OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94–1.48; 10 years: OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.92–1.36). There was no evidence that childhood cat ownership was associated with PEs at age 18 years.ConclusionsWhile pregnant women should continue to avoid handling soiled cat litter, given possible T. gondii exposure, our study strongly indicates that cat ownership in pregnancy or early childhood does not confer an increased risk of later adolescent PEs.

scholarly journals Association of intrauterine alcohol exposure and offspring depression: A negative control analysis of maternal and partner consumption

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh E Easey ◽  
Nicholas J Timpson ◽  
Marcus R Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Comparison ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Residual Confounding ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested that intrauterine alcohol exposure is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have investigated its association with offspring internalising disorders in late adolescence.MethodsUsing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we investigated the associations of maternal drinking in pregnancy with offspring depression at age 18. We also examined partner drinking as a negative control for intrauterine exposure for comparison.ResultsOffspring of mothers that consumed any alcohol at 18 weeks gestation were at increased risk of having a diagnosis of depression (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.32), but there was no clear evidence of association between partners alcohol consumption during pregnancy and increased risk of offspring depression (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.04).ConclusionsMaternal drinking in pregnancy was associated with increased risk of offspring depression at age 18. Residual confounding may explain this association, but the negative control comparison of paternal drinking provides some evidence that it may be causal, and this warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy and offspring childhood weight and height trajectories: analysis of a prospective birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Yvette V Pyne ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Abigail Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Weight ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Both anaemia and high haemoglobin in pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including foetal growth restriction. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy and trajectories of length/height and weight from birth through childhood. Methods: Data from 7,597 singleton pregnancies in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), an ongoing, prospective, UK population-based pregnancy cohort study were used. We examined associations between maternal haemoglobin (overall pregnancy and trimester specific) and offspring length and weight at birth, as well as trajectories of height and weight gain from birth to age 10 years derived from multilevel models. Results: Mean pregnancy haemoglobin was 11.61 g/dL (SD 1.12). For each 1g/dL higher mean overall pregnancy haemoglobin, offspring were on average -0.30 cm shorter (95%CI: -0.35, -0.24, p <0.001), and -97.7 g lighter (95%CI: -110.42, -84.93, p <0.001) at birth when adjusting for potential confounders. Trimester specific inverse associations with birth length and weight were strongest for third trimester haemoglobin. There was evidence of a positive association between maternal haemoglobin levels and offspring height gain up to the age of one year and no strong evidence of associations between pregnancy haemoglobin and childhood weight gain. Conclusions: In high income countries, higher maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy may be a concern, as well as anaemia. Further studies are needed to define ‘high’ haemoglobin in pregnancy and whether monitoring of women with high pregnancy haemoglobin is warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document