The benefits of a systematic assessment of respiratory health in illness susceptible athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 2003722
Author(s):  
James H. Hull ◽  
Anna R. Jackson ◽  
Craig Ranson ◽  
Freddie Brown ◽  
Moses Wootten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Nasal Flow

Respiratory tract illness is a leading cause of training and in-competition time-loss in elite athletes. Asthma is known to be prevalent in athletes but the co-existence of other respiratory problems, in those deemed to be susceptible to respiratory tract illness, is unknown. The aim of this study was to apply a comprehensive prospective approach to identify respiratory problems and explore relationships in athletes with heightened respiratory illness susceptibility.UK World Class Performance Programme athletes prospectively completed a systematic review of respiratory health with validated questionnaires and respiratory-focussed investigations, including studies of nasal flow, exhaled nitric oxide, spirometry, bronchoprovocation testing and allergy testing.Systematic respiratory health assessment was completed by 122 athletes (55 females, age 24±4 year). At least one respiratory health issue, requiring intervention, was identified in 97 (80%) athletes and ≥2 abnormalities were found in 73 (60%). Sinonasal problems were the most commonly identified problem (49%) and 22% of athletes had a positive indirect bronchoprovocation test. Analysis revealed two respiratory health clusters; i) asthma, sinus problems and allergy and ii) laryngeal and breathing pattern dysfunction. Respiratory illness susceptible athletes had 3.6±2.5 episodes in the year prior to assessment and were more likely (as odds ratio [95% confidence intervals] to have allergy (2.6 [1.0–6.5]), sinonasal problems (2.6 [1.1–6.0]), and symptoms of laryngeal (5.4 [1.8–16.8] and breathing pattern dysfunction (3.9 [1.1–14.0] than non-susceptible athletes (all p<0.05).A systematic approach to respiratory assessment identifies a high prevalence and co-existence of multiple respiratory problems in illness-susceptible athletes.

Effect of Vitamin C supplements on respiratory tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Afrose Keya ◽  
Anthony Leela ◽  
Kevin Fernandez ◽  
Nasrin Habib ◽  
Mumunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Respiratory tract infections are a primary cause of illness and mortality over the world. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of vitamin C supplementation in preventing and treating respiratory tract infections. Methods: We used the Cochrane, PubMed, and MEDLINE Ovid databases to conduct our search. The inclusion criteria were placebo-controlled trials. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to measure the pooled effects of vitamin C supplementation on the incidence, severity, and duration of respiratory illness. Results: found ten studies that met our inclusion criteria out of a total of 2758.The pooled risk ratio (RR) of developing respiratory illness when taking vitamin C regularly across the study period was 0⸳94 (with a 95% confidence interval of 0⸳87 to 1⸳01) which found that supplementing with vitamin C lowers the occurrence of illness. This effect, however, was statistically insignificant (P= 0⸳09). This study showed that vitamin C supplementation had no consistent effect on the severity of respiratory illness (SMD 0⸳14, 95% CI -0⸳02 to 0⸳30: I2 = 22%, P=0⸳09). However, our study revealed that vitamin C group had a considerably shorter duration of respiratory infection (SMD -0⸳36, 95% CI -0⸳62 to -0⸳09, P = 0⸳01). Conclusion: Benefits of normal vitamin C supplementation for reducing the duration of respiratory tract illness were supported by our meta-analysis findings. Since few trials have examined the effects of therapeutic supplementation, further research is needed in this area.

scholarly journals Human Coronavirus (HCoV) Infection Among Adults in Cleveland, Ohio: An Increasingly Recognized Respiratory Pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S312-S312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhav Kanwar ◽  
Suresh Selvaraju ◽  
Frank Esper
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Cleveland Ohio

Abstract Background Human Coronaviruses (CoV) have been long recognized as a common cause of respiratory tract disease including severe respiratory tract illness, yet there are few recent studies characterizing disease among adults in the United States. Here, we describe CoV infections and clinical characteristics among adults (&gt;18 years) presenting with respiratory illness in Cleveland, Ohio. Methods Between February 1, 2016 and April 30, 2017, 2949 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were analyzed by NxTAG Respiratory Pathogen Panel in adults presenting with respiratory illness at MetroHealth Medical Center. Clinical data were collected on adults whose samples screened positive for CoV-HKU1, CoV-OC43, CoV-229E or CoV-NL63. Results Coronaviruses were detected in 192 (6.5%) adults including 105 (3.5%) OC43, 67 (2.3%) 229E, 13 (0.4%) HKU1 and 7 (0.2%) NL63. The majority of adults with coronavirus infection were females (66.2%) with a median age of 53 years. Common comorbidities included smoking (40.0%), asthma (38.0%), COPD (35.4%), and inhaled corticosteroid use (28.6%). Eighty-five (46.4%) required admission to the hospital. Common presenting symptoms included shortness of breath (42.7%) and cough (31.0%) whereas fever was uncommon (12.5%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in HKU1 and NL63 infected adults. Seventy-three percent of coronavirus disease occurred between the months of January and March. Despite the recognition of coronavirus infection, 70 (36.5%) received antibiotics for their disease. Conclusion This study provides needed insight into clinical characteristics and severity associated with coronavirus infection in adults. Coronavirus infection should be considered in differential diagnosis of respiratory tract illness in adults including those that require hospitalization, have a history of smoking and have pulmonary comorbidities. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Study of Serum IgE levels in Recurrent Respiratory illness in children 6 months to 5 years of age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Dr. Rashmi Vishwakarma ◽  
◽  
Dr. Anita Sharan ◽  
Dr. Priti Reddy ◽  
Dr. K. Satyanarayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness

Objective: The present study was undertaken to study the serum IgE levels in recurrent respiratorytract illnesses in children greater than 6 months to less than 5 years of age and to find thecorrelation between them. Methods: This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study. Thestudy was undertaken to determine the correlation of serum IgE levels with recurrent respiratorytract illness. A total of 99 children were included in this study. 2ml of blood was drawn by peripheralvenous phlebotomy in airtight screw-capped plastic vials for measuring serum IgE levels. The SerumIgE level is assessed by chemiluminescence. Results: Out of 99 children, 48 children had elevatedserum IgE levels and 51 had normal serum IgE levels. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher(66.07%) in males as compared to females (25.58%) with a p-value of 0.0003 (<0.05). Theelevation of serum IgE levels was 48.48% in all children (48 out of 99 children). It’s noticed that thenumber of children suffering from RRTI and the number of children with elevated serum IgE levelsincreased with increasing age. There is a significant increase in serum IgE levels from 10.00% ininfancy to 64.10% in the 49-60th month. Conclusion: This study showed an increasing number ofchildren with recurrent respiratory tract illness and serum IgE levels with increasing age. Males,preterm and bottle-fed babies are more prone. There was a significant role in a family history ofrecurrent respiratory tract illness in children with elevated serum IgE levels.

Human Metapneumovirus Infection In Children with Cancer

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3910-3910
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Jillian Baker ◽  
Susan Elaine Richardson ◽  
Upton Allen ◽  
Oussama Abla
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Hmpv Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Abstract 3910 The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a paramyxovirus that has been recently associated with respiratory tract infections in children. HMPV was first described in 2001 by researchers in the Netherlands. Since this initial report, HMPV has been reported from many other countries across the world. HMPV was found to be the second most frequent cause, after RSV, of viral respiratory infections in children less than 1 year of age. In hospitalized children, the most frequent clinical manifestations associated with HMPV are pneumonitis, bronchiolitis and asthma. Severe HMPV infection can also occur in the elderly and in immunocompromised patients. We carried out a retrospective study to describe the clinical features and severity of HMPV in pediatric oncology patients at The Hospital for Sick Children. Thirty one children with cancer found to have HMPV infection during the study period from January 2005 till December 2010. HMPV was isolated by nasopharyngeal (NP) swab in 30/31 patients while one patient had bronchalveolar lavage (BAL). Direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) was positive in all 31 patients while 13 patients also had viral culture positive. Eight patients had culture negative while this test was not done in 10 patients (after December 2008). The majority of HMPV infection was diagnosed in the winter months from November to March and also in the spring till May. Of 31 patients, 13 were male and 18 were female. The most common underlying diagnosis was leukemia 14/31 (45.1%). Nine patients had different types of solid tumours including 3 with neuroblastoma, 2 with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with hepatoblastoma, 1 with nasopharyngeal sarcoma, and 1 with undifferentiated sarcoma. Twenty-nine of thirty-one (93.5%) of the patients presented with cough, 24/31 (77.4%) with fever, 16/31 (51.6%) with rhinorrhea. Vomiting was noticed in 25.8% of the patients and diarrhea in 32.2%. Sixteen of thirty-one (51.6%) patients were diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), 7/31 (22.5%) patients were diagnosed as bronchiolitis and 8/31 (25.8%) diagnosed to have pneumonia. 19.3% (6/31) patients had co-infection with different organisms including coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus pneumoniae requiring antibiotic treatment. The average duration of symptoms on presentation was 7 days (1-90 days). One patient with average risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia on maintenance treatment presented with 3 months history of cough and subsequently NP swab and BAL were positive for HMPV. He required prolonged therapy with inhaled bronchodilator and steroid. Twenty of thirty-one (64.5%) patients were admitted. The average duration of admission was 18.3 days and average duration of respiratory illness was 13.5 days. None of the patient required mechanical ventilation because of HMPV infection. Twenty-one of thirty-one patients were treated with antibiotics for duration of 3 to 14 days. One patient was empirically treated with oseltamivir (Tamiflu). All of the patients recovered from their viral illness completely, only one patient had prolonged respiratory symptoms for six months. Conclusion: Our study showed HMPV is an important respiratory virus causing both upper respiratory tract illness (URTI) and lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in children with cancer. Although the majority of the children recovered from HMPV infection without clinically significant illness, a minority had prolonged respiratory illness requiring supportive treatment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals In SilicoApproach towards Designing Virtual Oligopeptides for HRSV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Jain ◽  
Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infants And Young Children

HRSV (human respiratory syncytial virus) is a serious cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Designing inhibitors from the proteins involved in virus replication and infection process provides target for new therapeutic treatments. In the present study,in silicodocking was performed using motavizumab as a template to design motavizumab derived oligopeptides for developing novel anti-HRSV agents. Additional simulations were conducted to study the conformational propensities of the oligopeptides and confirmed the hypothesis that the designed oligopeptide is highly flexible and capable of assuming stable confirmation. Our study demonstrated the best specific interaction of GEKKLVEAPKS oligopeptide for glycoprotein strain A among various screened oligopeptides. Encouraged by the results, we expect that the proposed scheme will provide rational choices for antibody reengineering which is useful for systematically identifying the possible ways to improve efficacy of existing antibody drugs.

Day-Care Center Attendance and Hospitalization for Lower Respiratory Tract Illness

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Larry J. Anderson ◽  
Robert A. Parker ◽  
Raymond A. Strikas ◽  
Jeffrey A. Farrar ◽  
Eugene J. Gangarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

To identify risk factors associated with hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract illness, 102 children &lt;2 years of age admitted to four Atlanta metropolitan area hospitals between December 1984 and June 1985 with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract illness were studied. The most common causative agent associated with illness was respiratory syncytial virus, followed by other respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The 102 case-patients were compared with 199 age- and sex-matched controls. A parent or guardian for each patient and control was interviewed by telephone regarding demographic data, care outside the home, breast-feeding, previous medical history, allergies, and smoking and illness in household members. Five factors were associated with lower respiratory tract illness in both a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model (P &lt; .05). These factors were the number of people sleeping in the same room with the child, a lack of immunization the month before the patient was hospitalized, prematurity, a history of allergy, and regular attendance in a day-care center (more than six children in attendance). Care received outside of the home in a day-care home (less than or equal to six children in attendance) was not associated with lower respiratory tract illness. The suggestion made by our study and other studies was that for children &lt;2 years of age, care outside of the home is an important risk factor for acquiring lower respiratory tract illness, as well as other infectious diseases, and that this risk can be reduced by using a day-care home instead of a day-care center.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the prevalence and seasonality of human parainfluenza virus over five year period in pediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Meryem Colak ◽  
Selin Yigit ◽  
Anil Tapisiz ◽  
Hager Muftah ◽  
Kenan Yuce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause respiratory tract infections, and the second most common cause of acute respiratory illness-related hospitalizations after the respiratory syncytial virus in children <5 years of age. The aim of the study; determination of HPIVs positivity and common types in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection; investigation the distribution of HPIV positivity by age groups, months and seasons, respectively. Material and Method: HPIV results of 1613 pediatric patients who were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from various pediatric clinics of Gazi Hospital between March 2016 and February 2021 (five years period) were investigated. Nucleic acid isolation was performed on the EZ1 Advanced (Qiagen, Germany) device using the EZ1 Virus Mini Kit by the manufacturer's protocol. Results: HPIV positivity was detected as 4.1% in clinical samples and, the most common HPIV type was found to be HPIV-3 (55%). The distribution of other HPIV types were; HPIV-2, HPIV-4 and HPIV-1 with 26%, 23% and 14%, respectively. HPIV-3 is the most common type in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019; however, HPIV-1 is the most common type in 2020. HPIVs co-infection was detected with other respiratory tract viruses in 51% of samples. The highest HPIV co-infection was detected in Rhinovirus. The highest HPIV positivity rate (45%) were determined in the 0-2 age group compared to other age groups (p<0.05). The highest positivity rate was in October in the autumn season (p<0.05), the lowest was in January and February in winter. The highest rate (8.1%) of HPIV positivity was found in 2016 and the lowest rate (0.7%) was in 2020. Conclusions: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral etiology of respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory tract panel and Multiplex real-time PCR test are a fast and useful method in early diagnosis, treatment decision and prevention of unnecessary antibiotic use. HPIVs positivity is seen at higher rates in children aged 0-2 and in autumn months with seasonal differences.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing by Pediatricians for Respiratory Tract Illness in Children † 507

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Sandra R Arnold ◽  
Upton D Allen ◽  
Mohamed al-Zahrani ◽  
Darrell Tan ◽  
Elaine E L Wang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness
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