The appearance and distribution of inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and regulatory interleukins in relatively healthy lung tissue

Abstract Lipids are biomolecules present in all living organisms that, apart from their physiological functions, can be involved in different pathologies. One of these pathologies is fat embolism, which has been described histologically in the lung of cetaceans in association with ship strikes and with gas and fat embolic syndrome. To assess pathological lung lipid composition, previous knowledge of healthy lung tissue lipid composition is essential; however, these studies are extremely scarce in cetaceans. In the present study we aimed first, to characterize the lipids ordinarily present in the lung tissue of seven cetacean species; and second, to better understand the etiopathogenesis of fat embolism by comparing the lipid composition of lungs positive for fat emboli, and those negative for emboli in Physeter macrocephalus and Ziphius cavirostris (two species in which fat emboli have been described). Results showed that lipid content and lipid classes did not differ among species or diving profiles. In contrast, fatty acid composition was significantly different between species, with C16:0 and C18:1ω9 explaining most of the differences. This baseline knowledge of healthy lung tissue lipid composition will be extremely useful in future studies assessing lung pathologies involving lipids. Concerning fat embolism, non-significant differences could be established between lipid content, lipid classes, and fatty acid composition. However, an unidentified peak was only found in the chromatogram for the two struck whales and merits further investigation.

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SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE CYSTIC ADENOMATOUS PULMONARY MALFORMATION IN CHILDREN

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.18821/1560-9510-2018-22-3-135-137 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 135-137

Author(s):

G. I. Chepurnoy ◽

V. B. Katsupeev ◽

Mikhail G. Chepurnoy ◽

R. L. Karagezyan ◽

A. V. Leyga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Spiral Computed ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Decisive Importance ◽

Healthy Lung Tissue ◽

Healthy Lung

There is presented the analysis of 13 patients with polycystic lung disease. In the diagnosis of the disease, spiral computed tomography has a decisive importance. The technique of performing surgical interventions aimed at maximum preservation of healthy lung tissue is described in detail. The excision of cystic membranes and reliable suturing of bronchial fistulas determines the radicality of surgical interventions that provided favorable outcomes in the long term after operations in all patients.

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Automatic lung segmentation in the presence of alveolar collapse

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2017-0188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 807-810

Author(s):

Areg Noshadi ◽

Michael Kircher ◽

Stefan Pollnow ◽

Gunnar Elke ◽

Inéz Frerichs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Spline Interpolation ◽

Automatic Segmentation ◽

Physiological Data ◽

Morphological Operations ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Contact Points ◽

Alveolar Collapse ◽

Healthy Lung Tissue ◽

Healthy Lung

AbstractLung ventilation and perfusion analyses using chest imaging methods require a correct segmentation of the lung to offer anatomical landmarks for the physiological data. An automatic segmentation approach simplifies and accelerates the analysis. However, the segmentation of the lungs has shown to be difficult if collapsed areas are present that tend to share similar gray values with surrounding non-pulmonary tissue. Our goal was to develop an automatic segmentation algorithm that is able to approximate dorsal lung boundaries even if alveolar collapse is present in the dependent lung areas adjacent to the pleura. Computed tomography data acquired in five supine pigs with injured lungs were used for this purpose. First, healthy lung tissue was segmented using a standard 3D region growing algorithm. Further, the bones in the chest wall surrounding the lungs were segmented to find the contact points of ribs and pleura. Artificial boundaries of the dorsal lung were set by spline interpolation through these contact points. Segmentation masks of the entire lung including the collapsed regions were created by combining the splines with the segmentation masks of the healthy lung tissue through multiple morphological operations. The automatically segmented images were then evaluated by comparing them to manual segmentations and determining the Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) as a similarity measure. The developed method was able to accurately segment the lungs including the collapsed regions (DSCs over 0.96).

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The Lung Cancer Microbiota and Adjacent Healthy Lung Tissue Microbiota

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofw172.1781 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Alexa Pragman ◽

Richard Haupert ◽

Brian Sandri ◽

Trevor Gould ◽

Andrew Limper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Healthy Lung Tissue ◽

Healthy Lung

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Local Defence System in Healthy Lungs

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.3390/clinpract11040088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 728-746

Author(s):

Elizabeta Lohova ◽

Zane Vitenberga-Verza ◽

Dzintra Kazoka ◽

Mara Pilmane

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Alveolar Epithelium ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Point Of View ◽

Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Lung Protection ◽

Healthy Lung Tissue ◽

Age Range ◽

Healthy Lung

Background: The respiratory system is one of the main entrance gates for infection. The aim of this work was to compare the appearance of specific mucosal pro-inflammatory and common anti-microbial defence factors in healthy lung tissue, from an ontogenetic point of view. Materials and methods: Healthy lung tissues were collected from 15 patients (three females and 12 males) in the age range from 18 to 86. Immunohistochemistry to human β defensin 2 (HBD-2), human β defensin 3 (HBD-3), human β defensin 4 (HBD-4), cathelicidine (LL-37) and interleukine 17A (IL-17A) were performed. Results: The lung tissue material contained bronchial and lung parenchyma material in which no histological changes, connected with the inflammatory process, were detected. During the study, various statistically significant differences were detected in immunoreactive expression between different factors in all lung tissue structures. Conclusion: All healthy lung structures, but especially the cartilage, alveolar epithelium and the alveolar macrophages, are the main locations for the baseline synthesis of antimicrobial proteins and IL-17A. Cartilage shows high functional plasticity of this structure, including significant antimicrobial activity and participation in local lung protection response. Interrelated changes between antimicrobial proteins in different tissue confirm baseline synergistical cooperation of all these factors in healthy lung host defence.

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Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Inflamed and Healthy Lung Tissue

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift ◽

10.1007/s10354-003-0006-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 153 (15-16) ◽

pp. 342-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Florian Tomaselli ◽

Alfred Maier ◽

Freyja-Maria Smolle-Jüttner

Keyword(s):

Lung Tissue ◽

Healthy Lung Tissue ◽

Healthy Lung

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An Analytical Study of Cryosurgery in the Lung

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2894096 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 467-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. C. Bischof ◽

J. Bastacky ◽

B. Rubinsky

Keyword(s):

Finite Difference ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Outer Boundary ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Thermal Phenomenon ◽

Healthy Lung Tissue ◽

Close Form ◽

Finite Difference Techniques ◽

Healthy Lung

The process of freezing in healthy lung tissue and in tumors in the lung during cryosurgery was modeled using one-dimensional close form techniques and finite difference techniques to determine the temperature profiles and the propagation of the freezing interface in the tissue. A thermal phenomenon was observed during freezing of lung tumors embedded in healthy tissue, (a) the freezing interface suddenly accelerates at the transition between the tumor and the healthy lung, (b) the frozen tumor temperature drops to low values once the freezing interface moves into the healthy lung, and (c) the outer boundary temperature has a point of sharp inflection corresponding to the time at which the tumor is completely frozen.

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Anti-Inflammatory Profile of Jungia sellowii Less. by Downregulation of Proinflammatory Mediators and Inhibition of NF-κB and p38 Pathways

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2020/9078956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Geison Vicente ◽

Yeo Jim Kinoshita Moon ◽

Daniela Weingärtner Rosa ◽

Luíse Azevedo Lima ◽

Najla Adel Saleh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Phosphorylation ◽

Pleural Fluid ◽

P38 Mapk ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽

Native Plant ◽

Nf Kappa B ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Fluid Leakage ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Jungia sellowii Less. (Asteraceae) is a native plant found in Southeast Brazil used traditionally to treat inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted (1) to investigate the toxicity of the crude extract (CE) and (2) to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of J. sellowii L. roots. The potential acute toxicity of CE was performed by administration of only different doses of CE (500, 1,000, and 2,000 i.p.) on mice for 14 days. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced acute pleural cavity inflammation in a mouse model, evaluated through the following inflammatory variables: leukocyte, protein concentrations of the exudate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), adenosine deaminase (ADA), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-12) levels in mouse pleural fluid leakage. The p65 protein phosphorylation of nuclear factor NF-kappa B (p65 NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylation were analyzed in lung tissue. Our results demonstrated that the administration of CE up to 2,000 mg/kg did not present a toxic effect. In addition, the pretreatment of mice with CE; its derived fractions (aqueous fraction (AqF), butanol fraction (BuOHF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcF)); and isolated compounds (curcuhydroquinone O-β-glucose (CUR) and α and β piptizol (Pip)) reduced the following inflammatory variables: neutrophils, protein concentrations of the exudate, MPO, ADA, NOx, and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-12) levels in mouse pleural fluid leakage. The compounds CUR and Pip also decreased the p65 protein phosphorylation of NF-kappa B and p38 (MAPK) in lung tissue. J. sellowii L. has important anti-inflammatory activity with potential applications in drug development against inflammatory disorders. These effects found can be attributed to the ability of the new isolated compounds CUR and Pip to suppress p65 NF-κB and p-p38 MAPK pathways.

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Curcumin alone and in combination with augmentin protects against pulmonaryinflammation and acute lung injury generated during Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced lung infection in BALB/c mice

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.016873-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 429-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Shruti Bansal ◽

Sanjay Chhibber

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Lung Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Intranasal Route ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Acute lung injuries due to acute lung infections remain a major cause ofmortality. Thus a combination of an antibiotic and a compound with immunomodulatoryand anti-inflammatory activities can help to overcome acute lung infection-inducedinjuries. Curcumin derived from the rhizome of turmeric has been used fordecades and it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatoryproperties by downregulation of various inflammatory mediators. Keeping theseproperties in mind, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of curcuminin a mouse model of acute inflammation by introducing Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 into BALB/c mice via the intranasal route. Intranasal instillationof bacteria in this mouse model of acute pneumonia-induced inflammation resultedin a significant increase in neutrophil infiltration in the lungs along withincreased production of various inflammatory mediators [i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA),myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosisfactor (TNF)-α] in the lung tissue. The animalsthat received curcumin alone orally or in combination with augmentin, 15 daysprior to bacterial instillation into the lungs via the intranasal route, showeda significant (P <0.05) decrease in neutrophil influxinto the lungs and a significant (P <0.05) decreasein the production of MDA, NO, MPO activity and TNF-α levels.Augmentin treatment alone did not decrease the MDA, MPO, NO and TNF-α levels significantly (P >0.05) as compared tothe control group. We therefore conclude that curcumin ameliorates lung inflammationinduced by K. pneumoniae B5055 without significantly (P <0.05) decreasing the bacterial load in the lung tissue whereasaugmentin takes care of bacterial proliferation. Hence, curcumin can be usedas an adjunct therapy along with antibiotics as an anti-inflammatory or animmunomodulatory agent in the case of acute lung infection.

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