scholarly journals Automatic lung segmentation in the presence of alveolar collapse

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 807-810
Author(s):  
Areg Noshadi ◽  
Michael Kircher ◽  
Stefan Pollnow ◽  
Gunnar Elke ◽  
Inéz Frerichs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lung

AbstractLung ventilation and perfusion analyses using chest imaging methods require a correct segmentation of the lung to offer anatomical landmarks for the physiological data. An automatic segmentation approach simplifies and accelerates the analysis. However, the segmentation of the lungs has shown to be difficult if collapsed areas are present that tend to share similar gray values with surrounding non-pulmonary tissue. Our goal was to develop an automatic segmentation algorithm that is able to approximate dorsal lung boundaries even if alveolar collapse is present in the dependent lung areas adjacent to the pleura. Computed tomography data acquired in five supine pigs with injured lungs were used for this purpose. First, healthy lung tissue was segmented using a standard 3D region growing algorithm. Further, the bones in the chest wall surrounding the lungs were segmented to find the contact points of ribs and pleura. Artificial boundaries of the dorsal lung were set by spline interpolation through these contact points. Segmentation masks of the entire lung including the collapsed regions were created by combining the splines with the segmentation masks of the healthy lung tissue through multiple morphological operations. The automatically segmented images were then evaluated by comparing them to manual segmentations and determining the Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) as a similarity measure. The developed method was able to accurately segment the lungs including the collapsed regions (DSCs over 0.96).

scholarly journals Lipids of lung and lung fat emboli of the toothed whales (Odontoceti)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Arregui ◽  
Hillary Lane Glandon ◽  
Yara Bernaldo de Quirós ◽  
Idaira Felipe-Jiménez ◽  
Francesco Consoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Fat Embolism ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Tissue Lipid Composition ◽  
Healthy Lung

Abstract Lipids are biomolecules present in all living organisms that, apart from their physiological functions, can be involved in different pathologies. One of these pathologies is fat embolism, which has been described histologically in the lung of cetaceans in association with ship strikes and with gas and fat embolic syndrome. To assess pathological lung lipid composition, previous knowledge of healthy lung tissue lipid composition is essential; however, these studies are extremely scarce in cetaceans. In the present study we aimed first, to characterize the lipids ordinarily present in the lung tissue of seven cetacean species; and second, to better understand the etiopathogenesis of fat embolism by comparing the lipid composition of lungs positive for fat emboli, and those negative for emboli in Physeter macrocephalus and Ziphius cavirostris (two species in which fat emboli have been described). Results showed that lipid content and lipid classes did not differ among species or diving profiles. In contrast, fatty acid composition was significantly different between species, with C16:0 and C18:1ω9 explaining most of the differences. This baseline knowledge of healthy lung tissue lipid composition will be extremely useful in future studies assessing lung pathologies involving lipids. Concerning fat embolism, non-significant differences could be established between lipid content, lipid classes, and fatty acid composition. However, an unidentified peak was only found in the chromatogram for the two struck whales and merits further investigation.

scholarly journals SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE CYSTIC ADENOMATOUS PULMONARY MALFORMATION IN CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
G. I. Chepurnoy ◽  
V. B. Katsupeev ◽  
Mikhail G. Chepurnoy ◽  
R. L. Karagezyan ◽  
A. V. Leyga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Spiral Computed ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lung

There is presented the analysis of 13 patients with polycystic lung disease. In the diagnosis of the disease, spiral computed tomography has a decisive importance. The technique of performing surgical interventions aimed at maximum preservation of healthy lung tissue is described in detail. The excision of cystic membranes and reliable suturing of bronchial fistulas determines the radicality of surgical interventions that provided favorable outcomes in the long term after operations in all patients.

scholarly journals The Lung Cancer Microbiota and Adjacent Healthy Lung Tissue Microbiota

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Pragman ◽  
Richard Haupert ◽  
Brian Sandri ◽  
Trevor Gould ◽  
Andrew Limper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lung

scholarly journals Local Defence System in Healthy Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-746
Author(s):  
Elizabeta Lohova ◽  
Zane Vitenberga-Verza ◽  
Dzintra Kazoka ◽  
Mara Pilmane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Antimicrobial Proteins ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Lung Protection ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Healthy Lung

Background: The respiratory system is one of the main entrance gates for infection. The aim of this work was to compare the appearance of specific mucosal pro-inflammatory and common anti-microbial defence factors in healthy lung tissue, from an ontogenetic point of view. Materials and methods: Healthy lung tissues were collected from 15 patients (three females and 12 males) in the age range from 18 to 86. Immunohistochemistry to human β defensin 2 (HBD-2), human β defensin 3 (HBD-3), human β defensin 4 (HBD-4), cathelicidine (LL-37) and interleukine 17A (IL-17A) were performed. Results: The lung tissue material contained bronchial and lung parenchyma material in which no histological changes, connected with the inflammatory process, were detected. During the study, various statistically significant differences were detected in immunoreactive expression between different factors in all lung tissue structures. Conclusion: All healthy lung structures, but especially the cartilage, alveolar epithelium and the alveolar macrophages, are the main locations for the baseline synthesis of antimicrobial proteins and IL-17A. Cartilage shows high functional plasticity of this structure, including significant antimicrobial activity and participation in local lung protection response. Interrelated changes between antimicrobial proteins in different tissue confirm baseline synergistical cooperation of all these factors in healthy lung host defence.

Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Inflamed and Healthy Lung Tissue

2003 ◽  
Vol 153 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 342-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Tomaselli ◽  
Alfred Maier ◽  
Freyja-Maria Smolle-Jüttner
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lung

An Analytical Study of Cryosurgery in the Lung

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bischof ◽  
J. Bastacky ◽  
B. Rubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Phenomenon ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Close Form ◽  
Finite Difference Techniques ◽  
Healthy Lung

The process of freezing in healthy lung tissue and in tumors in the lung during cryosurgery was modeled using one-dimensional close form techniques and finite difference techniques to determine the temperature profiles and the propagation of the freezing interface in the tissue. A thermal phenomenon was observed during freezing of lung tumors embedded in healthy tissue, (a) the freezing interface suddenly accelerates at the transition between the tumor and the healthy lung, (b) the frozen tumor temperature drops to low values once the freezing interface moves into the healthy lung, and (c) the outer boundary temperature has a point of sharp inflection corresponding to the time at which the tumor is completely frozen.

Covid-19 disease: CT chest volume assessment using nonspecific software “Lung Density” present on “Extended Brilliance Workspace”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spanò Ferdinando ◽  
Arminio Matteo ◽  
Carucci Alessandro ◽  
Di Luzio Dario ◽  
Grimaldi Iolanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Density ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Volume Assessment ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Essential Support ◽  
Healthy Lung

The current global COVID-19 pandemic is related to an acute respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), highly contagious and whose evolution is still poorly understood. The high-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is the most accurate technique for identifying pathogenetic finding of interstitial pneumonia. Standardized HRCT examination in COVID patients binds quantitative evaluation of healthy lung tissue performed in post-processing. In this study we present a valid tool for the Radiologist the diagnosis of Covid-19 diagnosis, an essential support in the evaluation of emergency symptomatic patients with negative NAAT, or asymptomatic patients with negative NAAT who have come into contact with positive one, in fact asymptomatic patients can also have lung lesions on CT imaging.

scholarly journals Robotic-Assisted Sleeve Lobectomy Using the Four-Arm Technique in the DaVinci Si® and Xi® Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (07) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Hendrik Egberts ◽  
Thorben Möller ◽  
Thomas Becker
Keyword(s):  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Sleeve Lobectomy ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Robotic Instruments ◽  
Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Healthy Lung

AbstractSleeve lobectomy (SL) makes it possible to resect centrally located lung carcinoma oncological correct while protecting healthy lung tissue. However, this procedure is often limited with conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, due to the limited mobility of the rigid and long instruments and the limited visualization. Therefore, these interventions are often still performed in the open conventional technique with the well-known disadvantages. Particularly in the reconstruction of the respiratory tract, precise sewing must be performed in a small space to avoid stenosis of the different diameter of the lumina. Robotic surgery offers several advantages through an enlarged three-dimensional view and flexibility of the robotic instruments, which are particularly evident when sewing. So far, there are only a few reports of robotic SL. Here, we describe our experience of performing robotic SL with four arms on both, the currently available DaVinci Xi® and Si® systems.

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