scholarly journals The electronic nose: emerging biomarkers in lung cancer diagnostics

Breathe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e135-e141
Author(s):  
Wouter H. van Geffen ◽  
Kevin Lamote ◽  
Adrien Costantini ◽  
Lizza E.L. Hendriks ◽  
Najib M. Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Internal Validation

Lung cancer is very common and the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite recent progress in the systemic treatment of lung cancer (checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors), each year, >1.5 million people die due to this disease. Most lung cancer patients already have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Computed tomography screening of high-risk individuals can detect lung cancer at an earlier stage but at a cost of false-positive findings. Biomarkers could lead towards a reduction of these false-positive findings and earlier lung cancer diagnosis, and have the potential to improve outcomes and treatment monitoring. To date, there is a lack of such biomarkers for lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies, although electronic nose (e-nose)-derived biomarkers are of interest.E-nose techniques using exhaled breath component measurements can detect lung cancer with a sensitivity ranging from 71% to 96% and specificity from 33 to 100%. In some case series, such results have been validated but this is mostly using internal validation and hence, more work is needed. Furthermore, standardised sampling and analysis methods are lacking, impeding interstudy comparison and clinical implementation. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the currently available data on E-nose technology for lung cancer detection.

Exhaled breath analysis by using GC-MS and «electronic nose» for lung cancer diagnostics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Gashimova ◽  
Anna Osipova ◽  
Temerdashev Azamat ◽  
Vladimir Porkhanov ◽  
Igor Polyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis

Exhaled breath analysis is interesting and promising approach for diagnostics of various diseases. Being noninvasive, convenient and simple, this approach has tremendous potential utility for further translation into clinical practice....

scholarly journals MOS Sensors Array for the Discrimination of Lung Cancer and At-Risk Subjects with Exhaled Breath Analysis

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Davide Marzorati ◽  
Luca Mainardi ◽  
Giulia Sedda ◽  
Roberto Gasparri ◽  
Lorenzo Spaggiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis

Lung cancer is characterized by a tremendously high mortality rate and a low 5-year survival rate when diagnosed at a late stage. Early diagnosis of lung cancer drastically reduces its mortality rate and improves survival. Exhaled breath analysis could offer a tool to clinicians to improve the ability to detect lung cancer at an early stage, thus leading to a reduction in the associated survival rate. In this paper, we present an electronic nose for the automatic analysis of exhaled breath. A total of five a-specific gas sensors were embedded in the electronic nose, making it sensitive to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained in exhaled breath. Nine features were extracted from each gas sensor response to exhaled breath, identifying the subject breathprint. We tested the electronic nose on a cohort of 80 subjects, equally split between lung cancer and at-risk control subjects. Including gas sensor features and clinical features in a classification model, recall, precision, and accuracy of 78%, 80%, and 77% were reached using a fourfold cross-validation approach. The addition of other a-specific gas sensors, or of sensors specific to certain compounds, could improve the classification accuracy, therefore allowing for the development of a clinical tool to be integrated in the clinical pipeline for exhaled breath analysis and lung cancer early diagnosis.

Response with pemrbolizumab in a patient with EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer harbouring insertion mutations in V834L and L858R

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110578
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Hadfield ◽  
Alla Turshudzhyan ◽  
Khalid Shalaby ◽  
Aswanth Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Durable Response ◽  
Egfr Mutated

Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most common of them. About a third of NSCLC cases have an epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutation, which is usually susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In rare cases where patients progress through TKI therapy, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains controversial. Case report We describe a case of a patient with significant history of smoking and EGFR mutated programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) positive NSCLC who was initially treated with TKI therapy. Management/Outcome While patient progressed on TKI therapy, he was able to achieve a durable response with a single PD-L1 agent, pembrolizumab. Contrary to the available evidence, the presented EGFR mutant NSCLC responded to PD-L1 pathway inhibition. Discussion From our observation Pembrolizumab could be promising in patients with rare EGFR mutations who do not respond to EGFR directed therapy. Our report provides supporting data for the use of immunotherapies in patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC.

Prospective Early Detection of Lung Cancer in COPD Patients by Electronic Nose Analysis of Exhaled Breath

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. de Vries ◽  
J.M. van den Heuvel ◽  
Y.W.F. Dagelet ◽  
E. Dijkers ◽  
T. Fabius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Copd Patients

scholarly journals Neuromuscular Complications of Targeted Anticancer Agents: Can Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induce Myasthenia Gravis? Getting Answers From a Case Report up to a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios C. Ziogas ◽  
Dimitrios Mandellos ◽  
Charalampos Theocharopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis-Petros Lialios ◽  
Spyros Bouros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Braf Inhibitor ◽  
First Case ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Neuromuscular Complications

More than 40 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have received hematological or oncological indications over the past 20 years, following the approval of imatinib, and many others are currently being tested in clinical and preclinical level. Beyond their common toxicities, no certain agent from this large class of molecularly targeted therapies was strongly associated with “off-target” impairment of neuromuscular transmission, and although myasthenia gravis (MG) is a well-characterized autoimmune disorder, only few sporadic events proven by serologically detected causative autoantibodies and/or by positive electrophysiological tests are reported in the literature. Herein, we present the first case of anti-MUSK (+) MG in a woman with metastatic BRAF-mutant melanoma after long-term treatment with dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor). Triggered by this report, a systematic literature review was conducted, summarizing all other cancer cases that developed MG, after exposure to any type of targeted agent and regardless of the underlying malignancy. All available data on the clinical diagnosis, the potential of administered TKIs to induce a seropositive myasthenic syndrome, the immune and non-immune-mediated pathogenesis of postsynaptic damage, and the challenging management of this neuromuscular toxicity were collected and discussed. In the presented case, MG was confirmed by both autoantibodies and nerve-conduction tests, while its reactivation after TKIs rechallenge supports a more than coincidental association. The following review identified 12 cancer cases with TKI-related MG in six case reports and one case series. In most of them, the myasthenia diagnosis was challenging, since the clinical symptomatology of fatigable weakness was not corroborating with consistent laboratory and electrophysiological findings. In fact, anti-AchR titers were positive in five and anti-MuSK only in the abovementioned individual. The symptomatology corresponded to TKI discontinuation and standard treatment with pyridostigmine and prednisolone; intravenous immunoglobulin was added only in three, and two required mechanical ventilation. In an era where TKIs will be prescribed more frequently for various malignancies, even in combinations with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, this report synthesizes their risk for neuromuscular complications and increases the clinicians’ awareness in order to extend the on-treatment and overall survival of TKI-treated cancer patients.

scholarly journals COMBINED DIAGNOSTICS OF LUNG CANCER USING EXHALED BREATH ANALSYSIS AND SPUTUM CYTOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
A. Arseniev ◽  
A. Nefedova ◽  
A. Ganeeva ◽  
A. Nefedov ◽  
S. Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Sputum Cytology ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

In this article we summarize our own experience of lung cancer diagnostics using exhaled breath analysis with a non-selective method using metal oxide chemoresistor gas sensors with cross-sensitivity combined with the sputum cytology. Volatile organic compounds of exhaled breath change the conductivity of the sensor, the resulting pulse is displayed as a peak on the graph, the area of which is used as test results. The combination of two diagnostic techniques in 204 participants demonstrated the possibility of non-invasively detecting the disease at an early stage. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the breath analysis was 91.2%, 100% and 93.4%, respectively. The combination of the breath test and the sputum cytology compared to the breath test alone showed statistically significant (p = 0.03) increase in sensitivity to 96.8% (95% CI: 80.9% -99%) with acceptable decrease in specificity to 93.4% (95% CI: 88% -96%). The convenience of analysis and realtime measurements show some promise for the early detection.

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