scholarly journals Tuberculosis control, and the where and why of artificial intelligence

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 00056-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riddhi Doshi ◽  
Dennis Falzon ◽  
Bruce V. Thomas ◽  
Zelalem Temesgen ◽  
Lal Sadasivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Recognition Software

Countries aiming to reduce their tuberculosis (TB) burden by 2035 to the levels envisaged by the World Health Organization End TB Strategy need to innovate, with approaches such as digital health (electronic and mobile health) in support of patient care, surveillance, programme management, training and communication. Alongside the large-scale roll-out required for such interventions to make a significant impact, products must stay abreast of advancing technology over time. The integration of artificial intelligence into new software promises to make processes more effective and efficient, endowing them with a potential hitherto unimaginable. Users can benefit from artificial intelligence-enabled pattern recognition software for tasks ranging from reading radiographs to adverse event monitoring, sifting through vast datasets to personalise a patient's care plan or to customise training materials. Many experts forecast the imminent transformation of the delivery of healthcare services. We discuss how artificial intelligence and machine learning could revolutionise the management of TB.

scholarly journals Digital health for the End TB Strategy: developing priority products and making them work

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Falzon ◽  
Hazim Timimi ◽  
Pascal Kurosinski ◽  
Giovanni Battista Migliori ◽  
Wayne Van Gemert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Electronic Learning ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Health Innovations ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Health Organization

In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the End TB Strategy in response to a World Health Assembly Resolution requesting Member States to end the worldwide epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) by 2035. For the strategy's objectives to be realised, the next 20 years will need novel solutions to address the challenges posed by TB to health professionals, and to affected people and communities. Information and communication technology presents opportunities for innovative approaches to support TB efforts in patient care, surveillance, programme management and electronic learning. The effective application of digital health products at a large scale and their continued development need the engagement of TB patients and their caregivers, innovators, funders, policy-makers, advocacy groups, and affected communities.In April 2015, WHO established its Global Task Force on Digital Health for TB to advocate and support the development of digital health innovations in global efforts to improve TB care and prevention. We outline the group's approach to stewarding this process in alignment with the three pillars of the End TB Strategy. The supplementary material of this article includes target product profiles, as developed by early 2016, defining nine priority digital health concepts and products that are strategically positioned to enhance TB action at the country level.

scholarly journals The Effects of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Technology on the Life of Human

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Raja Sarath Kumar Boddu ◽  
Dhruva Sreenivasa Chakravarthi ◽  
Nallanti Venkateswararao ◽  
D. S. K. Chakravarthy ◽  
Agilandeswari Devarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Professional ◽  
Health Organization

The study explores because of the rising complexity and volume of data in medical technology, artificial intelligence (AI) will be used more frequently. Various forms of artificial intelligence (AI) have already been used by consumers and providers of care, as well as health sciences firms. Diagnose and therapy suggestions, patient involvement and compliance, and administrative tasks are the most common types of applications. Although there are numerous cases where AI can do medical technology activities as well as or superior than humans, operational issues will prohibit large-scale automation of medical technology professional positions for a long time. Moral considerations about the use of AI in medical technologies are also addressed. Healthcare is one of the most significant great achievements of modern time. Medical research and technology have advanced fast, increasing life expectancy across the worldwide. However, as life expectancy rises, healthcare systems face increased demands for their operations, rising expenses, and a staff that is failing to fulfill the requirements of its patients. Aging population, changing patients ’ expectations, a shift in lifestyle decisions, and the never-ending cycle of development are just a few of the inexorable forces driving need. The consequences of an ageing population stand out among these. Healthcare expenditure just isn't keeping pace. Medical technology will struggle to stay sustainable unless substantial structural and transformation changes are made. Healthcare also requires a larger staff, but while the world economy might produce 40 million new health-care jobs by 2030, the World Health Organization predicts a 9.9 million doctor, nurse, and midwife shortage over the same time frame. Without a question, contemporary technology has had a significant influence on every area of our lives.

scholarly journals An Innovative Approach to Designing Digital Health Solutions Addressing the Unmet Needs of Obese Patients in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Roberta Patalano ◽  
Vincenzo De Luca ◽  
Jess Vogt ◽  
Strahil Birov ◽  
Lucia Giovannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the worldwide obesity rate has tripled since 1975. In Europe, more than half of the population is overweight and obese. Around 2.8 million people die each year worldwide as a result of conditions linked to being overweight or obese. This study aimed to analyze the policies, approaches, and solutions that address the social and health unmet needs of obese patients, at different levels, in order to simulate the definition of an integrated approach, and to provide and share examples of innovative solutions supporting health promotion, disease prevention, and integration of services to improve the collaboration between the different health and care stakeholders involved across the country and in the lives of obese patients. A collaborative approach involving various levels of government and regional experts from different European countries was applied to identify, explore, and evaluate different aspects of the topic, from the innovation perspective and focusing on a European and a regional vision. Currently, people prefer more foods rich in fats, sugars, and salt/sodium than fruits, vegetables, and fiber. This behavior leads to a significant negative impact on their health-related quality of life. Changes in healthcare systems, healthy policy, and approaches to patient care and better implementation of the different prevention strategies between all the stakeholders are needed, taking advantage of the digital transformation of health and care. Such changes can support obese patients in their fight against an unhealthy lifestyle and at the same time reduce healthcare costs.

scholarly journals IR 4.0 TECHNOLOGY: JEWEL IN PANDEMIC ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shamsul Abd Aziz ◽  
Nor Azlina Mohd Noor ◽  
Khadijah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Realistic Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The rapidly spreading coronavirus outbreak around the world had forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare COVID 19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Crisis management for COVID 19 requires an integrated and realistic approach, and a focus on technology can assist matters to become more efficient. Although IR 4.0 technology is widely used in dealing with pandemic crises, the relevant laws relating to intellectual property laws, especially copyrights and patents with this technology must continue to be protected. This article discusses IR 4.0 technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain as applied in the era of pandemics and intellectual property protection associated with this technology. For this purpose, this article applies library research methodology by analyzing primary and secondary sources. This article concludes that IR 4.0 technology such as artificial intelligence and blockchain is seen as jewels in the era of pandemics because as with the use of this technology, human communication can be reduced. In addition, this technology can also reduce dependence on manpower. Improvements to intellectual property laws can be done in providing more protection against this IR 4.0 technology.

Development of Herbal Ayurvedic Formulation as Digestive Tablets, Evaluation of it’s Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognostic Parameters and Screening of its Antioxidant Potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 5849-5855
Author(s):  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Chandana Majee ◽  
Rahul Kaushik ◽  
Shivani Saxena ◽  
Salahuddin Salahuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Average Size

Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is one of the major problems of all (the) ages of human beings. As trends for eating fast foods is increasing, simultaneously the improper digestion also tends to increase. There are a number of digestive tablets in the market but in attempt to improve their taste the actual motto behind their use is masked. To combat the indigestion problems, in the present study an attempt has been made to formulate, develop and evaluate herbal digestive tablets. The formula of the digestive tablet has been decided after deep review of Ayurvedic formulary of India. The ingredients of this formulation have been procured from authentic sources. The wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules for punching the tablets. After preparation, the herbal digestive tablets were subjected to various pharmaceutical evaluations and quality control evaluations as per the guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO). The formulation was also subjected to antioxidant screening using Phosphomolybdenum method. The digestive tablets are obtained as light brown-colored round tablets with pleasant odour and spicy taste with an average size of 8mm and smooth edges. Maximum extractive value was observed as 34% in methanol with a total ash value of 10.16%. Other parameters reported as bitterness value- 0.69 units, volatile oil content-8%, loss on drying- 12.3%, swelling and foaming index of 0.27 and less than 100 respectively. The tablets showed a total antioxidant potential of 0.51mg/mg as Ascorbic acid equivalent. Tablets also pass various pharmaceutical evaluation parameters like hardness, friability, weight variation, and disintegration test. Herbal digestive tablets have very excellent taste due to less bitter drugs. The tablet formula can be applied to prepare large scale production of digestive tablets.

scholarly journals 2-Methyl-pentanoyl-carnitine (2-MPC): a urine biomarker for patent Ascaris lumbricoides infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Lagatie ◽  
Ann Verheyen ◽  
Stijn Van Asten ◽  
Maurice R. Odiere ◽  
Yenny Djuardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Urine Biomarker ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Infections with intestinal worms, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce moderate-to-heavy intensity infections below 1%. Current diagnosis and monitoring of these control programs are solely based on the detection of worm eggs in stool. Here we describe how metabolome analysis was used to identify the A. lumbricoides-specific urine biomarker 2-methyl pentanoyl carnitine (2-MPC). This biomarker was found to be 85.7% accurate in determining infection and 90.5% accurate in determining a moderate-to-heavy infection. Our results also demonstrate that there is a correlation between 2-MPC levels in urine and A. lumbricoides DNA detected in stool. Furthermore, the levels of 2-MPC in urine were shown to rapidly and strongly decrease upon administration of a standard treatment (single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole). In an Ascaris suum infection model in pigs, it was found that, although 2-MPC levels were much lower compared to humans, there was a significant association between urinary 2-MPC levels and both worm counts (p = 0.023) and the number of eggs per gram (epg) counts (p < 0.001). This report demonstrates that urinary 2-MPC can be considered an A. lumbricoides-specific biomarker that can be used to monitor infection intensity.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Precision Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian V. Filipp
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Cell Clustering ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Disease Signatures

Abstract Purpose of Review We critically evaluate the future potential of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and artificial intelligence (AI) in precision medicine. The goal of this work is to show progress in ML in digital health, to exemplify future needs and trends, and to identify any essential prerequisites of AI and ML for precision health. Recent Findings High-throughput technologies are delivering growing volumes of biomedical data, such as large-scale genome-wide sequencing assays; libraries of medical images; or drug perturbation screens of healthy, developing, and diseased tissue. Multi-omics data in biomedicine is deep and complex, offering an opportunity for data-driven insights and automated disease classification. Learning from these data will open our understanding and definition of healthy baselines and disease signatures. State-of-the-art applications of deep neural networks include digital image recognition, single-cell clustering, and virtual drug screens, demonstrating breadths and power of ML in biomedicine. Summary Significantly, AI and systems biology have embraced big data challenges and may enable novel biotechnology-derived therapies to facilitate the implementation of precision medicine approaches.

scholarly journals Communication tools in the COVID-19 era and beyond which can optimise professional practice and patient care

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Keiran David Clement ◽  
Eleanor F Zimmermann ◽  
Nikita R Bhatt ◽  
Alexander Light ◽  
Chuanyu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Detrimental Impact

Following the outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization made a number of recommendations regarding the utilisation of healthcare services. In general, there has been a reduction in elective healthcare services including outpatient clinics, diagnostic services and elective surgery. Inevitably these reductions for all but the most urgent clinical work will have a detrimental impact on patients, and alternative ways of working including the use of telemedicine may help to mitigate this. Similarly, electronic solutions may enable clinicians to maintain inter and intra-professional working in both clinical and academic settings. Implementation of electronic solutions to minimise direct patient contact will be new to many clinicians, and the sheer number of software solutions available and varying functionality may be overwhelming to anyone unfamiliar with ‘virtual communication’. In this article, we will aim to summarise the variety of electronic communication platforms and tools available for clinicians and patients, detailing their utility, pros and cons, and some 'tips and tricks' from our experience through our work as an international research collaborative.

scholarly journals COVID-19, an Opportunity for Developing Countries?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Nicola Veronese ◽  
Vincenzo Racalbuto ◽  
Damiano Pizzol
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Viral Reservoirs ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 outbreak was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as global pandemic in March 2020. Considering the necessity to implement rapid response to control the pandemic and the fragility and the state of need of low income countries, it will be mandatory to develop a global approach in order to reduce the spread of infection and the creation of community viral reservoirs. So far, we could hypothesize a worst case scenario in which when the COVID-19 outbreak hits a peak in Africa and in low-income countries, the majority of such countries will be unprepared, with low resources allocated for affording the viral emergency and the consequences will be catastrophic with no lesson learnt. In the best case scenario, the COVID-19 will not affect Africa or South America on a large scale and, if the prevention measures will be implemented, we could register a lower incidence of hygiene linked diseases that still represent leading causes of death.

scholarly journals MenAfriNet: A Network Supporting Case-Based Meningitis Surveillance and Vaccine Evaluation in the Meningitis Belt of Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S148-S154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymin C Patel ◽  
Heidi M Soeters ◽  
Alpha Oumar Diallo ◽  
Brice W Bicaba ◽  
Goumbi Kadadé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Strategic Implementation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Case Based

Abstract Meningococcal meningitis remains a significant public health threat, especially in the African meningitis belt where Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A historically caused large-scale epidemics. With the rollout of a novel meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) in the belt, the World Health Organization recommended case-based meningitis surveillance to monitor MACV impact and meningitis epidemiology. In 2014, the MenAfriNet consortium was established to support strategic implementation of case-based meningitis surveillance in 5 key countries: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Togo. MenAfriNet aimed to develop a high-quality surveillance network using standardized laboratory and data collection protocols, develop sustainable systems for data management and analysis to monitor MACV impact, and leverage the surveillance platform to perform special studies. We describe the MenAfriNet consortium, its history, strategy, implementation, accomplishments, and challenges.

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