Pre- and post- prandial appetite hormone levels in normal weight and severely obese women

AbstractBackground:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing partly due to the obesity epidemic. Adipocytokines have thus been suggested as first trimester screening markers for GDM. In this study we explore the associations between body mass index (BMI) and serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio. Furthermore, we investigate whether these markers can improve the ability to screen for GDM in the first trimester.Methods:A cohort study in which serum adiponectin and leptin were measured between gestational weeks 6+0 and 14+0 in 2590 pregnant women, categorized into normal weight, moderately obese, or severely obese.Results:Lower concentrations of adiponectin were associated with GDM in all BMI groups; the association was more pronounced in BMI<35 kg/mConclusions:Low adiponectin measured in the first trimester is associated with the development of GDM; higher BMI was associated with lower performance of adiponectin, though this was insignificant. Leptin had an inverse relationship with GDM in severely obese women and did not improve the ability to predict GDM.

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Gender Differences in the Association Between Body Mass Index and Psychopathology

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900023026 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 372-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Rani A. Desai ◽

Melinda Manley ◽

Mayur M. Desai ◽

Marc N. Potenza

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Women ◽

Weight Group ◽

Axis Ii ◽

Severely Obese ◽

Axis I

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The objective of the study was to examine gender differences in the relationship between weight group (under-weight to severely obese), and Axis I and Axis II psychopathology.Methods: Data from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were analyzed. Logistic regression models examined the past-year likelihood for meeting diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders. Interactions between weight group and gender were utilized to determine whether associations were significantly different in men and women after adjusting for demographic characteristics.Results: First, consistent with previous NESARC analyses, the prevalence estimates of psychiatric disorders were higher among people of higher body mass index groups, regardless of gender. However, these patterns differed across genders. Both severely obese women and men, in comparison to normal weight respondents, were much more likely to meet criteria for affective and anxiety disorders, but these associations were significantly (1.5–2 times) stronger among women. For Axis II disorders, while there were very few associations between personality disorders and weight in men, among women increases in weight group were associated with increases in the likelihood of meeting criteria for a personality disorder.Conclusion: Weight and psychopathology appear more strongly associated in women than in men. While these data do not allow for identification of underlying mechanisms, they highlight the importance of assessing for psychopathology in overweight and obese patients, and suggest that weight management may be an important consideration in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

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Pre‐ and Postprandial Appetite Hormone Levels in Normal Weight and Obese Women

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1036 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Amy Allen Turpin ◽

Joseph Carlson ◽

Luke Bucci ◽

Ted Adams ◽

Steven Hunt

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Women ◽

Hormone Levels

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Transcriptome Analysis of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Severely Obese Patients Highlights Deregulation Profiles in Coding and Non-Coding Oncogenes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22041989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 1989

Author(s):

Federica Rey ◽

Letizia Messa ◽

Cecilia Pandini ◽

Rossella Launi ◽

Bianca Barzaghini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Obese Women ◽

Severely Obese ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Obesity is a major risk factor for a large number of secondary diseases, including cancer. Specific insights into the role of gender differences and secondary comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cancer risk, are yet to be fully identified. The aim of this study is thus to find a correlation between the transcriptional deregulation present in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients and the oncogenic signature present in multiple cancers, in the presence of T2D, and considering gender differences. The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of five healthy, normal-weight women, five obese women, five obese women with T2D and five obese men were subjected to RNA-sequencing, leading to the identification of deregulated coding and non-coding RNAs, classified for their oncogenic score. A panel of DE RNAs was validated via Real-Time PCR and oncogene expression levels correlated the oncogenes with anthropometrical parameters, highlighting significant trends. For each analyzed condition, we identified the deregulated pathways associated with cancer, the prediction of possible prognosis for different cancer types and the lncRNAs involved in oncogenic networks and tissues. Our results provided a comprehensive characterization of oncogenesis correlation in SAT, providing specific insights into the possible molecular targets implicated in this process. Indeed, the identification of deregulated oncogenes also in SAT highlights hypothetical targets implicated in the increased oncogenic risk in highly obese subjects. These results could shed light on new molecular targets to be specifically modulated in obesity and highlight which cancers should receive the most attention in terms of better prevention in obesity-affected patients.

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Appetite regulation during food cue exposure: A comparison of normal-weight and obese women

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.063 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Wilfried Scharmüller ◽

Sonja Übel ◽

Franz Ebner ◽

Anne Schienle

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

Appetite Regulation ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cue Exposure

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Alexithymia in a Clinical Sample of Obese Women

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1997.80.2.387 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 387-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A. Morosin ◽

G. Riva

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorder ◽

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Obese Women ◽

Test Analysis ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

Obese Subjects

The purpose was to examine the rate of alexithymia as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a clinical sample of obese women without Binge Eating Disorder. Subjects included 165 inpatients in an eating disorder unit and 135 normal-weight individuals (comparison group). The obese subjects also completed a series of tests including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, and the Eating Attitude Test. Analysis showed that the subgroups of obese persons differ in important ways and cannot necessarily be treated, studied, or understood through a single paradigm. Alexithymic behaviour, too, was not characteristic of obesity, but it was present only in the subgroup of subjects with psychopathological characteristics.

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Abstract P432: Higher Muscle-to-Abdominal Cavity Ratio is Associated with Lower Odds of Type II Diabetes in Older Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap432 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Britta Larsen ◽

Matthew Allison ◽

Eugene Kang ◽

Sarah Saad ◽

Gail A Laughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Type Ii ◽

Obese Women ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Race Ethnicity

Background: Excess abdominal adipose tissue has been identified as an important factor in the development of type II diabetes. Lean muscle tissue also plays an important role in glucose regulation, yet research on the role of muscle in diabetes etiology is limited. Abdominal muscle mass could be particularly relevant for normal weight diabetics, for whom excessive abdominal adipose tissue may play less of a role. Objective: To explore the association between muscle-to-abdominal cavity area ratio and prevalent diabetes in older community-dwelling women in the Rancho Bernardo Study, UCSD Filipino Women’s Health Study, and the Health Assessment Study of African-American Women. Methods: Participants were 421 women (40% Caucasian, 28% Filipina, 32% African American) with a mean age of 64 (6.9) years. Abdominal muscle and fat areas were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans, and were used to compute a muscle-to-abdominal cavity area ratio (MACR). Based on body mass index (BMI), participants were classified as normal weight (18-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9), or obese (30+). Prevalent diabetes was defined as self-report of physician diagnosis, anti-diabetes medication use, fasting morning glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2 hour glucose ≥ 200mg/dL. MACR was modeled per standard deviation (SD) and logistic regression was used to examine the association with diabetes while adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Prevalent diabetes was seen in 12.8% of the sample (54 of 421). In age and race/ethnicity adjusted models, each SD increase in MACR was associated with significant reduced odds of diabetes (OR = 0.62, CI: 0.43-0.89, p = 0.01), which remained significant after further adjustment for BMI category, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, anti-hypertensive drugs, and estrogen use (OR = 0.64, CI: 0.41-0.98, p = .041). The association was modestly attenuated after further adjusting for visceral fat area (OR = 0.70, CI: 0.44-1.10, p = 0.12). Normal weight women with diabetes had significantly less total muscle (p = 0.045) and smaller MACR’s (p = 0.001) than those without diabetes, while this was not seen for overweight or obese women with diabetes. Stratified by BMI category, MACR was significantly associated with lower odds of diabetes for normal weight women across all three models (fully adjusted OR = 0.37, CI: 0.15-0.90, p =.03), yet was not associated with diabetes in any models for women who were overweight or obese (all p > 0.50). Interactions of MACR with race/ethnicity were not significant. Conclusions: Muscle-to-abdominal cavity ratio is associated with reduced likelihood of type II diabetes in women. This association differs by BMI category, with muscle showing the greatest protection in normal weight women, and no effect in overweight or obese women. This highlights the potential role of low muscle mass as a risk factor for diabetes, particularly in women who may appear to be at low risk.

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Effect of weight and body composition changes on waist measurement of severely obese women receiving carbohydrate-restricted diet

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1415-52732014000100001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 05-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andresa Toledo Triffoni-Melo ◽

Rita de Cássia Lusia dos Santos ◽

Rosa Wanda Diez-Garcia

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Women ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Conventional Diet ◽

Severely Obese ◽

Composition Changes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of weight and body composition changes on waist measurement of severely obese women receiving a low-carbohydrate diet for a short-term. METHODS: Nineteen severely obese women divided into an intervention and a control group received a low-carbohydrate diet and a conventional diet, respectively, both with 1,200kcal, for seven days. Anthropometric measurements such as weight, body mass index, arm circumference, waist circumference (at the navel), two proposed measurements of waist circumference (waist circumference 1, 10cm above the navel; and waist circumference 2, 20cm above the navel), hip circumference; and body composition (lean mass and fat mass) were performed at baseline and end of the study. RESULTS: There was significant reduction of all variables in the intervention group (p<0.01), but the control group had no change in waist circumference (p=0.06) and hip circumference (p=0.36). Patients of the intervention group presented greater weight loss (4.4kg, p<0.01) and reduction of body mass index, waist circumference, waist circumference 1, waist circumference 2 (p<0.01), and fat mass (p=0.04) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The weight loss and body composition changes were greater in the low-carbohydrate group than in the conventional-diet group, and they had a greater impact on waist measurements. The proposed measurements (waist circumference 1 and waist circumference 2) were sensitive to weight reduction in both groups.

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Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women?

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11110771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 771

Author(s):

Lourdes Balcázar-Hernandez ◽

Lourdes Basurto ◽

Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽

Sara Vega-García ◽

Norma Basurto-Acevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Obese Women ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Variations in levels of some adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines and inflammatory cytokines contribute to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of adiponectin, osteocalcin (OCN), irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 according to the body size phenotype of middle-aged women, and their associations with BMI, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and HOMA-IR. A cross-sectional study in 265 women aged from 40 to 65 years was performed. The biochemical characteristics were evaluated in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obese, and metabolically unhealthy obese women. There was an association of OCN with BMI (r = −0.107; p = 0.047); adiponectin with BMI (r = −0.217; p = 0.001), insulin (r = −0.415; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = −0.429; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = −0.134; p = 0.025); irisin with BMI (r = 0.604; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.446; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.452; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = 0.645; p = 0.0001); FGF−21 with insulin (r = −0.337; p= 0.030) and HOMA-IR (r = −0.341; p = 0.03); and MCP-1 with BMI (r = 0.481; p = 0.0001), VAT (r = 0.497; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.298; p= 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.255; p = 0.004). A multivariate analysis showed that an elevation of OCN (OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.06–1.81)) and a reduction of adiponectin (OR 0.9 (0.84–0.96)) were associated factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in normal weight participants. Likewise, higher irisin (OR 1.007 (1.003–1.011)) and MCP-1 (1.044 (1.008–1.083)) were risk factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in woman with obesity. OCN, adiponectin, irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 are associated with some metabolic parameters such as BMI, HOMA-IR, and VAT, and could be possible biomarkers of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype in middle-aged women.

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