The approach to individualized prediction of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection persistence/clearance in HIV-1-positive adolescent girls based on dynamics of CD4+ counts, viral load, and HAART

PURPOSE: To morphometrically quantify CD1a+ dentritic cells and DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in HIV-positive patients with anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and to evaluate the effects of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy and HPV infection on epithelial and subepithelial dendritic cells. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to morphometrically analyze the relative volume of the dendritic cells and the relationship between anal intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in HIV-positive patients from the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas, Brazil. All patients were submitted to biopsies of anorectal mucosa to perform a classic histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, employing antibodies against CD1a and DC-SIGN for the morphometric quantification of dendritic cells. RESULTS: HIV-negative patients displayed a CD1a DC density significantly higher than that of HIV-positives patients (3.75 versus 2.54) (p=0.018), and in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia had correlated between DC CD1a density with levels of CD4 + cells (p: 0.04) as well as the viral load of HIV-1 (p: 0.035). A not significant rise in the median density of CD1a+ DC was observed in the HIV positive/ HAART positive subgroup compared to the HIV positive/ HAART negative subgroup. The CD1a+ DC were also significantly increased in HIV-negative patients with anorectal condyloma (2.33 to 3.53; p=0.05), with an opposite effect in HIV-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an enhancement of the synergistic action caused by HIV-HPV co-infection on the anal epithelium, weakening the DC for its major role in immune surveillance. Notoriously in patients with severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia, the density of CD1a+ epithelial dendritic cells was influenced by the viral load of HIV-1. Our study describes for the first time the density of subepithelial DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells in patients with anal severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia and points to the possibility that a specific therapy for HIV induces the recovery of the density of epithelial DC.

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Detection and estimation of human papillomavirus viral load in patients with cervical lesions

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19648 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 86-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T Rahman ◽

S Tabassum ◽

M Jahan ◽

A Nessa ◽

Dr Ashrafunnessa

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Load ◽

High Risk ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Promising Tool ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

Hpv Viral Load

Human papillomavirus (HPV) high risk genotype infection and HPV viral load influences the development of invasive cervical cancer and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). HPV DNA testing for screening of cervical cancers may play a potential role in its early detection and management. The present study detected HPV DNA and estimated HPV viral load in different types of cervical lesions among Bangladeshi women. Using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay, HPV DNA was tested among 68 women between 25-70 years of age. A total of 13 (19.1%) cases were positive for HPV DNA. The highest viral load (501 x 10³ copies/ml) was detected in a patient with invasive carcinoma, while the lowest viral load (105 x 10³ copies/ml) was detected from a case of chronic cervicitis. The mean viral load in CIN I was 119.25 x 10³±12.5 x 10³ copies/ml (range: 110 x 10³ - 137 x 10³) and 208.50 x 10³ ± 0.59 x 10³ copies/ml (range: 139 x 10³-305 x 10³) in CIN II / III. Interestingly, HPV DNA was detected from a patient with normal cytological findings. Our study observed a moderate presence of high-risk HPV genotypes among women with cervical lesions. The HPV viral load varied with the age of the patients and stage of cervical lesions. The HC2 assay is a promising tool for diagnosing high-risk HPV infection especially before cytology tests show any abnormality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19648 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 86-90

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Prognostic Impact of Human Papillomavirus Infection on Cervical Dysplasia, Cancer, and Patient Survival in Saudi Arabia: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis

10.1101/2020.05.22.20110247 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

F.S. Alhamlan ◽

D.A. Obeid ◽

H.H. Khayat ◽

A.M. Tulbah ◽

I.A. Al-Badawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Hpv Status

AbstractCervical cancer is caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, HPV prevalence data and survival rates among HPV-infected women are scare in Saudi Arabia. This study assessed the prevalence of HPV genotypes in a 10 year time-frame. Cervical biopsy specimens underwent HPV detection, HPV viral load using qPCR, HPV genotyping, p16INK4a expression measurement using immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier plots were constructed to analyze overall survival rates. Of the 316 cervical specimens examined, HPV was detected in 96 (30.4%); 37.3% had cervical cancer; 14.2% cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III, 4.1% CIN II, and 17.0% CIN I. A significant association was found between HPV-16 viral load and disease progression (P < .001, Mann-Whitney U) and between HPV presence and cervical cancer (χ2, 56.78; P < .001). The expression of p16INK4a was a significant predictor of survival: women who had p16INK4a overexpression had poorer survival rates (multivariate Cox regression, hazard ratio, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1-8.8). In addition, multivariate models with HPV status and cervical cancer diagnosis showed that HPV status was a significant predictor of survival: HPV-positive women had better survival rates than HPV-negative women (haza. These findings suggest that implementing cervical cancer and HPV screening programs may decrease cervical cancer rates and improve survival rates of women in Saudi Arabia.

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The ways of reducing diagnostic and therapeutic aggression of the patients with HPV-infection in reproductive age

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2017.125.51 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

N.M. Voloshena ◽

◽

E.D. Zvantseva ◽

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Neoplasia ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Etiologic Factor ◽

Sexually Transmitted

The problem of early diagnostics and prevention of cervical cancer is actual in Ukraine.The leading etiologic factor in the genesis of cervical neoplasia and a number of other organs is Human papillomavirus (HPV). The human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted and has high contagiosity. Cancer prevention consists in effective screening, early detection and treatment of pathological changes in the cervix. The aggressive treatment of diseases caused by (HPV) has been replaced by a tactic of a differentiated approach, taking into account to the age of the woman and her reproductive plans. The objective: was to study the efficacy and tolerability of the combined use of Proteflazid® systemically in drops form and locally in the form of suppositories for 3 months in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of lung and moderate severity (CIN 1 and CIN 2) associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV); determination on the basis of the results of the need for further destructive treatment. Materials and methods. For the period from July 2016 to September 2017, we examined and treated 86 women with morphologically confirmed intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix associated with HPV infection. Results. Based on the performed studies, it was found that 6 months after treatment with Proteplasid® systemically and locally for 3 months, regression of CIN was noted in 93% of patients. In all cases, a reduction in viral load of more than 2 Lg of HPV/105, which is a marker of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, has been recorded. Six months after treatment in 84% of patients and 9 months in 88%, there was complete elimination of HPV or reduced viral load to clinically insignificant values – less than 3 Lg. Conclusion. The drug Proteflazid® suppositories and drops contributes to the elimination of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other viral-bacterial infections and reduces the risk of cervical neoplasia. Key words: cervical cancer, screening, cervical neoplasia, Human papillomavirus, viral-bacterial infections, Proteflazid®.

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The Underrated Salivary Virome of Men Who Have Sex With Men Infected With HIV

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.759253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Guo ◽

Xiaojie Huang ◽

Xintong Sun ◽

Yixi Yu ◽

Yan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Severe Immunosuppression ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv 1

Salivary virome is important for oral ecosystem, but there are few reports on people living with HIV. We performed metagenomic sequencing to compare composition and functional genes of salivary virobiota between one HIV-negative and four HIV-positive groups in which participants were all men who have sex with men (MSM) with different immunosuppression statuses (five samples per group) to find the evidence that salivary virobiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of oral disease. Acute-stage subjects achieved a positive result of HIV RNA, but HIV antibody negative or indeterminate, whereas individuals with mild, moderate, and severe immunosuppression exhibited CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of at least 500, 200–499, and less than 200 cells/μL or opportunistic infection, respectively. The results showed the composition of salivary virus genera in subjects with mild immunosuppression was the most similar to that in healthy people, followed by that in the acute stage; under severe immunosuppression, virus genera were suppressed and more similar to that under moderate immunosuppression. Furthermore, abnormally high abundance of Lymphocryptovirus was particularly obvious in MSM with HIV infection. Analysis of KEGG Pathway revealed that Caulobacter cell cycle, which affects cell duplication, became shorter in HIV-positive subjects. It is worth noting that in acute-stage participants, protein digestion and absorption related to the anti-HIV-1 activity of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor was increased. Moreover, in the severely immunosuppressed subjects, glutathione metabolism, which is associated with the activation of lymphocytes, was enhanced. Nevertheless, the ecological dysbiosis in HIV-positive salivary virobiota possibly depended on the changes in blood viral load, and salivary dysfunction of MSM infected with HIV may be related to CD4 counts. Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase subunit M1 in purine metabolism was negatively correlated, though weakly, to CD4 counts, which may be related to the promotion of HIV-1 DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes. 7-Cyano-7-deazaguanine synthase in folate biosynthesis was weakly positively correlated with HIV viral load, suggesting that this compound was produced excessively to correct oral dysfunction for maintaining normal cell development. Despite the limited number of samples, the present study provided insight into the potential role of salivary virome in the oral function of HIV infected MSM.

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Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) genetic variants influence expression levels and disease outcome in HIV-1 chronically infected patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-820725/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hlelolwenkosi Mlimi ◽

Kewreshini K. Naidoo ◽

Jenniffer Mabuka ◽

Thumbi Ndung’u ◽

Paradise Madlala

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Disease Outcome ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract BackgroundBone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) also known as Tetherin (CD317/HM1.24), is a host restriction factor that blocks the release of HIV-1 virions from infected cells. Previous studies reported that BST-2 genetic variants or single nucleotide polymorphims (SNPs) have a preventative role during HIV-1 infection. However, the influence of BST-2 SNPs on expression levels remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the inffluence of BST-2 SNPs on expression levels and disease outcome in HIV-1 subtype C chronically infected antiretroviral therapy naïve individuals.ResultsWe quantified BST-2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), determined BST-2 protein expression on the surface of CD4 + T cells using flow cytometry and genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs919267, rs919266 and rs9576 using TaqMan assays from HIV-1 uninfected and infected participants. Determined the ability of plasma antibody levels to meadiate andibodydependenet cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) using gp120 consensus C and p24 subtype B/C protein. Fc receptor-mediated NK cell degranulation was evaluated as a surrogate for ADCC activity using plasma from HIV-1 positive participants. BST-2 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs and protein levels on CD4 + T cells were lower in HIV-1 infected compared to uninfected participants (p=0.075 and p=0.005, respectively). rs919267CT (p=0.042) and rs919267TT (p=0.045) were associated with lower BST-2 mRNA expression levels compared to rs919267CC in HIV-1 uninfected participants. In HIV-1 infected participants, rs919267CT associated with lower CD4 count, (p=0.003), gp120-IgG1 (p=0.040), gp120-IgG3 (p=0.016) levels and but higher viral load (p=0.001) while rs919267TT was associated with lower BST-2 mRNA levels (p=0.046), CD4 counts (p=0.001), gp120-IgG1 levels (p=0.033) but higher plasma viral load (p=0.007). Conversely, rs9576CA was associated with higher BST-2 mRNA expression levels (p=0.027), CD4 counts (p=0.079), gp120-IgG1 (p=0.009), -IgG3 (p=0.039) levels and but with lower viral load (p=0.037). However, there was not correlation between BST-2 SNPs, p24-IgG subclass, ADCC and ADCP activity. ConclusionOur findings show that bst- 2 SNPs mediate BST-2 expression and disease outcome, correlate with gp120-IgG1, gp120-IgG3 levels but p24-IgG levels, ADCC and ADCP activity. Future studies should investigate the role of BST-2 polymorphic variants on improving myeloid dentritic cell (DC) activation and MHC class II antigene presentation.

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Vaccinations for Anal Squamous Cancer: Current and Emerging Therapies

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1668101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (06) ◽

pp. 321-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sean Glasgow ◽

John Berry

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Anal Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Genital Warts ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Vaccines ◽

Emerging Therapies ◽

Immune Therapies ◽

Squamous Cancer

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is responsible for 4.3% of the global cancer burden. Since 2006, current HPV vaccines have reduced the prevalence of the virus in adolescent girls, reduced the prevalence of genital warts, and been proven to reduce the progression of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in men. Herein, we review the epidemiology, virology, and immunology behind the prophylactic HPV vaccines and current recommendations for its use. We also review future immune therapies being trialed for use against HPV-related cancers including anal cancer.

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Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Human Papillomavirus Infection among Senegalese Women Seropositive for HIV-1 or HIV-2 or Seronegative for HIV

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/095646249400500307 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Awa Coll Seek ◽

Mama Awa Faye ◽

Cathy W Critchlow ◽

Adia Diack Mbaye ◽

Jane Kuypers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

African Countries ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Hiv 1

Studies in various regions of the world have shown that women infected with HIV-1 are at increased risk for cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as for cervical cancer precursor lesions. HIV infection and cervical cancer are both widespread in West Africa, but little is known about the relationship between HPV and HIV-2, which is the predominant type of HIV in the general population of many West African countries. To address this issue, we collected cervical samples for cytology and HPV analysis from 93 women presenting to the University of Dakar Infectious Disease Service (18 women with HIV-1 infection, 17 with HIV-2 infection, and 58 HIV seronegative controls). Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV seropositive women were 13.1 (95% CI = 2.4, 128) and 11.0 (95% CI = 3.5, 35.8) times more likely to have HPV detected using Southern transfer hybridization (STH) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) respectively. Detection of high and intermediate risk HPV types were significantly associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. Among HPV positive women, those with, as compared to those without HIV infection were more likely to harbour high risk HPV types (OR = 9.2, 95% CI = 0.97, 433). HIV-1 and HIV-2 seropositive women were 23.3 (95% CI = 2.9, 209) and 9.3 (95% CI = 1.1, 79) times more likely to have a cytological diagnosis of dysplasia, respectively, than were HIV seronegative women. Biopsy-proven CIN 3 was found in one woman with HIV-1 and invasive cancer was found in one woman with HIV-2. It remains to be seen whether HIV-1 and HIV-2 will confer similar risks of development of CIN 2–3 and potentially of invasive cervical cancer.

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Impact of HIV-1 CRF55_01B infection on CD4 counts and viral load in men who have sex with men naive to antiretroviral treatment

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32672-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 392 ◽

pp. S43

Author(s):

Lan Wei ◽

Xing Lu ◽

Hao Li ◽

Chenli Zheng ◽

Guilian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv 1

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Prevalence and determinants of anal human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men and transgender women

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418797864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 154-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ross D Cranston ◽

Alex Carballo-Diéguez ◽

Holly Gundacker ◽

Barbra A Richardson ◽

Rebecca Giguere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Dna Typing ◽

The United States ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Transgender Women ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

The Us ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv 1

Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence varies by population. This study investigated anal HPV type detection risk by country in a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) at risk of HIV. Sexually active HIV-1-uninfected MSM and TW were enrolled at eight sites: four in the United States (US), two in Thailand, one in Peru, and one in South Africa. Baseline anal HPV swabs were collected, and DNA typing was performed. One hundred and ninety-five participants, 76 (42%) from the US, had a mean age of 30.9 years (range 18–64). In 182 participants with results available, anal HPV infection was common with 169 (93%) with ≥1 type, 132 (73%) with ≥1 nine-valent vaccine types, and 66 (36%) with HPV 16. Participants in the US had a higher prevalence of HPV 16 (56%, p = 0.004) and HPV 6 (69%, p < 0.001) compared to the other regions. Stimulant drug use was significantly associated with HPV 6 detection. Anal HPV is highly prevalent in this population of MSM and TW sampled from four countries, with HPV 16 the most commonly detected type. The nine-valent HPV vaccine has the potential to provide significant protection if given prior to exposure.

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