scholarly journals Vaccination Experiments on Pregnant Mice with E. Coli Vaccines Prepared from Septicaemic and Enteropathogenic Strains of E. Coli

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-699
Author(s):  
A. Dam
Keyword(s):  
E Coli ◽  
Pregnant Mice

scholarly journals The combination of Elephantopus scaber and Sauropus androgynus promotes erythroid lineages and modulates follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in pregnant mice infected with Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
pp. 1398-1404
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sasmito Djati ◽  
Yuyun Ika Christina ◽  
Muhaimin Rifa'i
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Elephantopus Scaber ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli infection produces an adverse effect on the erythrocyte lineage and hormone levels during pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Elephantopus scaber (ES) and Sauropus androgynus (SA) in combination on circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and erythropoiesis changes in E. coli-infected pregnant mice. Materials and Methods: Female Balb/c mice were mated with normal male mice and pregnancies were identified by the formation of vaginal plugs. Twenty-eight pregnant mice were divided randomly into seven groups: A control group (N), E. coli-infected pregnant mice (K+), and infected pregnant mice received the following five treatments: (1) Only ES; (2) ESSA1 (75:25); (3) ESSA2 (50:50); (4) ESSA3 (25:75); and (5) only SA, beginning from the 1st to the 16th day of pregnancy. Pregnant mice were infected with 107 CFU/mL of E. coli on day 4. Blood serum was collected on days 8, 12, and 16 of pregnancy and LH and FSH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow was isolated to determine the relative number of TER-119+VLA4+ and TER-119+CD34+ using flow cytometry. Results: The ESSA1 and SA groups exhibited a marked increase in LH levels. The combination of ES and SA administered at a 25:75 ratio (ESSA3) altered FSH levels and the relative number of TER-119+VLA4+ in infected pregnant mice. Combined with SA at an equal ratio (50:50), ESSA2 group exhibited a significant increase in the expression of TER119+CD34+ compared with the other treatment groups. Conclusion: ES and SA combined at a ratio of 25:75 exhibited optimal results in altering hormonal and erythropoiesis in infected pregnant mice.

scholarly journals The Genotoxin Colibactin Shapes Gut Microbiota in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Tronnet ◽  
Pauline Floch ◽  
Laetitia Lucarelli ◽  
Deborah Gaillard ◽  
Patricia Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background : The genotoxin colibactin produced by resident bacteria of the gut microbiota may have tumorigenic effect by inducing DNA double strand breaks in host cells. Yet, the effect of colibactin on gut microbiota composition and functions remains unknown.Results: To address this point, we designed an experiment in which pregnant mice were colonized with: i) a commensal E. coli strain, ii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a genotoxic E. coli strain, iii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a non-genotoxic E. coli mutant strain unable to produce mature colibactin. Then, we analysed the gut microbiota in pups at day 15 and day 35 after birth. At day 15, mice that were colonized at birth with the genotoxic strain showed lower levels of Proteobacteria and belonging taxa, a modest effect on overall microbial diversity and no effect on gut microbiome. At day 35, mice that received the genotoxic strain showed lower Firmicutes and belonging taxa, together with a strong effect on overall microbial diversity and higher microbial functions related to DNA repair. Moreover, the genotoxic strain strongly affected gut microbial diversity evolution of receiving pups between day 15 and day 35.Conclusions: our data show that colibactin, beyond targeting the host, may also exerce its genotoxic effect on the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Experimental Gestational Pyelonephritis Induces Preterm Births and Low Birth Weights in C3H/HeJ Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5958-5966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Kaul ◽  
Shah Khan ◽  
Mark G. Martens ◽  
John T. Crosson ◽  
Virginia R. Lupo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with approximately 27% of premature births. Escherichia coli is the most frequent causal agent of UTIs and expresses virulence factors, including surface adhesins that recognize specific host tissue receptors. We have reported that E. coli Dr adhesin recognizes decay-accelerating factor as the host tissue receptor and that these receptors are increased during pregnancy. Induction of pathogenesis is a cumulative effect of the host-pathogen relationship involving specific host factors and virulence characteristics of the invading organism. Recently, an experimental model of chronic pyelonephritis has been developed with E. coli bearing Dr adhesin (E. coli Dr+) in nonpregnant lipopolysaccharide hyporesponder C3H/HeJ mice. In this study, we investigated the role of E. coli Dr+ on the outcome of pregnancy in C3H/HeJ mice. Groups of pregnant mice were infected with E. coli Dr+ or its isogenic mutant which does not bear the Dr adhesin (E. coliDr−) by urethral catheterization. Nearly 90% of pregnant mice infected with E. coli Dr+ delivered preterm (before 90% gestation) compared to 10% of mice infected withE. coli Dr− and none of the mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Also, there was a significant reduction in fetal birth weight in the E. coliDr+-infected group compared to the E. coliDr−- and PBS-treated groups (P = 0.003). This experimental model of E. coli Dr+-induced preterm delivery in mice may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in UTI-induced preterm labor involving bacterial adhesins.

scholarly journals Protective Immunity Elicited by VP1 Chimeric Antigens of Bacterial Ghosts against Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saisai Gong ◽  
Nan Nan ◽  
Yakun Sun ◽  
Zhili He ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Bacterial Ghosts

This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two VP1 chimeric antigens of bacterial ghosts. Inoculation of the two VP1 chimeric antigens of bacterial ghosts into BALB/c mice markedly elicited humoral and mucosal immune responses. The specific antibodies induced by the chimeric ghosts protected mice not only against the virus that causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease but also against E. coli O157:H7 bacterial infection. In comparison with the negative control, immunization with the chimeric ghosts protected mice against two LD50 hand-foot-and-mouth disease viral infection. In addition, this specific immunity also protected the pups of pregnant mice immunized with the VP1 chimeric antigens of bacterial ghosts against 20 MLD E. coli O157:H7 infection. Taken together, the results of this study verify for the first time that the VP1 chimeric antigens of bacterial ghosts are target candidates for a new type of vaccine against hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Additionally, this vaccine strategy also elicited a stronger immune response against E. coli O157:H7.

scholarly journals The Genotoxin Colibactin Shapes Gut Microbiota in Mice

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Tronnet ◽  
Pauline Floch ◽  
Laetitia Lucarelli ◽  
Deborah Gaillard ◽  
Patricia Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The genotoxin colibactin produced by resident bacteria of the gut microbiota may have tumorigenic effect by inducing DNA double-strand breaks in host cells. Yet, the effect of colibactin on gut microbiota composition and functions remains unknown. To address this point, we designed an experiment in which pregnant mice were colonized with the following: (i) a commensal Escherichia coli strain, (ii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a genotoxic E. coli strain, (iii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a nongenotoxic E. coli mutant strain unable to produce mature colibactin. Then, we analyzed the gut microbiota in pups at day 15 and day 35 after birth. At day 15, mice that were colonized at birth with the genotoxic strain showed lower levels of Proteobacteria and taxa belonging to the Proteobacteria, a modest effect on overall microbial diversity, and no effect on gut microbiome. At day 35, mice that received the genotoxic strain showed lower Firmicutes and taxa belonging to the Firmicutes, together with a strong effect on overall microbial diversity and higher microbial functions related to DNA repair. Moreover, the genotoxic strain strongly affected gut microbial diversity evolution of pups receiving the genotoxic strain between day 15 and day 35. Our data show that colibactin, beyond targeting the host, may also exert its genotoxic effect on the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Infections of genotoxic Escherichia coli spread concomitantly with urbanized progression. These bacteria may prompt cell senescence and affect DNA stability, inducing cancer via the production of colibactin, a genotoxin shown capable of affecting host DNA in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we show that the action of colibactin may also be directed against other bacteria of the gut microbiota in which genotoxic E. coli bacteria have been introduced. Indeed, the presence of genotoxic E. coli induced a change in both the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Our data indicate that genotoxic E. coli may use colibactin to compete for gut niche utilization.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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