scholarly journals Using phosphate to increase feeding consumption in termite Coptotermes formosanus

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Suhara
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Feeding Choice ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Feeding ◽  
Choice Feeding

AbstractTermites are ecologically significant in positive and negative ways; their role in breaking down debris greatly benefits forest environments, but this activity renders them a pest in domestic environments. This study examines the effect of nutrition on the feeding preference of termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Among 11 nutrition options tested, dipotassium phosphate (DKP) most significantly increased feeding consumption in the multiple feeding choice test. The mean feeding amount of the DKP-treated sample was 2.5-fold higher than that of the deionized water-treated control. This result suggests that termite colonies are deficient in phosphorus, and an additional supply of phosphate can promote feeding. The result of a no-choice feeding test using DKP shows that DKP does not promote feeding in a small number of termites. The results obtained in this study suggest that phosphorus is needed in termite colonies, making DKP especially effective. DKP will help to improve bait technology, because it is inexpensive and safe for both humans and the environment.

scholarly journals Concentration-Dependent Feeding Deterrence to 20-Hydroxyecdysone for Three Subterranean Termite Species (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Lucas Carnohan ◽  
Sang-Bin Lee ◽  
Nan-Yao Su
Keyword(s):  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Molting Hormone ◽  
Feeding Deterrence ◽  
Insect Feeding ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Potential Methods

Effective active ingredients in toxicant bait formulations must be non-deterrent to insect feeding behavior at lethal concentrations. This study evaluated feeding deterrence for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, C. gestroi (Wasmann), and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) when provided access to cellulose impregnated with various concentrations of the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Termites were exposed to 20E concentrations of 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm and to noviflumuron at 5000 ppm in a 24 h choice-test, and the mass of substrate consumption from treated and untreated media pads was compared for each treatment. 20E feeding deterrence was detected at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm for C. gestroi, and at 2000 ppm for C. formosanus. No significant differences in consumption of treated and untreated substrate was detected at any concentration for R. flavipes. Potential methods for reducing deterrence are discussed.

scholarly journals Adult Feeding Preference and Fecundity in the Large Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Lenka Kleinová ◽  
Markéta Davídková
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Mean

Adult feeding preferences of Hylobius abietis on Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies alba and Betula pendula were tested in outdoor conditions. The preferred food source was P. menziesii, and the mean bark area consumed per seedling was 440.8 ± 147.9 mm2. The second most preferred host was P. abies. The coniferous species that suffered the least damage was A. alba (76.8 ± 62.56 mm2 per seedling). B. pendula was the least preferred source of food, and it caused mortality of 60% of weevils that fed on it. Weevils exhibited large differences in fecundity when fed with different tree species in a laboratory experiment. The largest number of eggs was laid by females fed with P. abies. Mean egg numbers reached 26.4 ± 24.89 eggs per experiment for P. abies. Similar fecundity was observed in weevils fed with twigs of P. sylvestris. Oviposition was approximately six times lower in females fed with L. decidua and P. menziesii. The maximum number of eggs laid by a single female during a one-month experiment was 90. The results are discussed in relation to management of H. abietis.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF E-MODULE TROUBLESHOOTING NETWORK SERVICES BASED MOBILE AS ALTERNATIVE MEDIA

Akademika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Sirwan Sirwan ◽  
Kamal Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to: (1) knowing the level of practicality e-module based on mobile learning; (2) determine the effectivenes of using system e-module based on mobile learning in skill competency test TKJ.  The research method experimental design one group pre-test and post-test. Data were collected through multiple choice  test given to respondens before being given treatment and after being given treatment, then the data would then be analyzed using tes t. The results of the e-module practicality test throught a questionnaire distributed to students showed that the e-module based on mobile learning practicality used by students, while according to the assessment by the two media experts that e-module based on mobile learning was practical with an average score of 88.9%. Student readiness in UKK has been successfully improved using mobile learning-based e-modules. Increased readiness of students in UKK is in the medium category with a gain score of 0.4%. The T test results indicate that the Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05. The mean pre-test value was 78.6456 with Std.Deviation 4.85293. The highest value is 90.00 and the lowest value is Std.Deviation 6.57910. The highest score was 96.67 and the lowest score was 73.33.

Biological Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract Lantana camara Against Cabbage Catterpillars for Environmentally Biopesticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Melanie ◽  
Wawan Hermawan ◽  
Hikmat Kasmara ◽  
Azka Hayyuna Kholifa ◽  
Fakhru Rozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Chemical insecticides that have been relied upon to control cabbage catterpillars have become the main cause of pest resistance, high residues in crop products and decreased biodiversity of natural enemies in the environment. Active ingredients of plants plays an important role in providing opportunities for the development of a plant extracts, particularly applied for agriculture using the organic extract as bioinsecticide. This paper reports the ethanolic leaves extraction of L. camara  against  the C. pavonana and S. litura larvae which are the main pest on cabbage plants in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to evaluate the antifidan performance of ethanolic leaves extract to C. pavonana and S. litura larvae. The extract was prepared by maceration and evaporation and followed by antifeedant bioassay test. The antifeedant test was used leaf disc deep method with choice and no choice test to find out the effective minimum concentration on feeding detterent activity.  The mean leaf area consumed  were analyzed by using non parametric statistics of Mann-Whitney U. The results showed that the antifeedant minimum effective concentration of ethanolic leaves extract L. camara to C. pavonana larvae at 2000 ppm (choice test) and 1000 ppm  (no choice test) in consider as medium antifeedant categori, to S. litura larvae  at 500 ppm (choice test) and performance antifeedant in consider as medium antifeedant categori.

scholarly journals Life History and Host Preference of Trichopria drosophilae from Southern China, One of the Effective Pupal Parasitoids on the Drosophila Species

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuandong Yi ◽  
Pumo Cai ◽  
Jia Lin ◽  
Xuxiang Liu ◽  
Guofu Ao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Parasitization Rate ◽  
Pupal Parasitoids ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
The Mean

This study aims to evaluate several life-history traits of a T. drosophilae population from southern China and its parasitic preference of three Drosophila species. For mated T. drosophilae females, the mean oviposition and parasitization period were 27.20 and 37.80 d, respectively. The daily mean parasitization rate was 59.24% per female and the lifetime number of emerged progeny was 134.30 per female. Trichopria drosophilae females survived 37.90 and 71.61 d under host-provided and host-deprived conditions, respectively. To assess the potential for unmated reproduction in T. drosophilae, the mean oviposition and parasitization period of unmated females was 22.90 and 47.70 d, respectively. They had a daily mean parasitization rate of 64.68%, produced a total of 114.80 offspring over their lifetime, and survived 52 d. Moreover, T. drosophilae showed a preference towards D. suzukii based on the total number of emerged offspring under a choice test. Our findings indicate that T. drosophilae from southern China appears to be suitable for the control of D. suzukii in invaded areas, due to its reproductive potential.

Laboratory Studies on the Feeding Preference and Feeding Behaviour in Lygaeus equestris (L.) (Het. Lygaeidae)1

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Kugelberg
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Feeding Choice ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Lygaeus Equestris

AbstractThe seed-feeding bug Lygaeus equestris changes and extends its food plant spectrum during its life-cycle. Whether this is the result of only the natural succession of the food plants, or also includes a change in the insect's food preference during its life, was the primary question of the present paper. Feeding-choice tests using ripe seeds from important food plants in the laboratory showed that Cynanchum vincetoxicum seeds were preferred during all stages of life. Among the lesser preferred seeds tested, a shift in preference occurred during the bug's development. It seems probable that this shift may be due as much to the physical as to the chemical properties of the seeds. It is suggested that most of the other plant species exploited for feeding by L. equestris probably serve mainly as substitute food when suitable developmental stages of C. vincetoxicum are absent or in short supply. Furthermore the paper gives some notes on duration of feeding upon seeds and effects of seed coat at initiation of feeding on Cynanchum and Helianthus seeds. During the third larval instar, the preference switches from the endosperm to the seed coat for initiation of feeding on Cynanchum seeds, and so it remains during the following stages. On Helianthus seeds, only adult L. equestris feed as willingly through the coat as directly from the endosperm.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE GAME IN TEACHING VOCABULARY OF THE FIRST GRADE OF MTs NEGERI 1 KEDIRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Uswatul Lyana
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
First Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Online Game ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the research was to analyze whether there is any effectiveness of online game in teaching vocabulary of the first grade of MTsN 1 Kediri. This research was quantitative research approach, the research design was  quasy experimental by non equivalent group posttest-only. This research used two classes which became experimental group (VII C) and control group (VII E). The experimental group was taught by using online game, whereas control group was taught without online game. The instruments used in the research was multiple choice test. The procedures of using online game in teaching vocabulary are; preparation, main activities and post activity. The reasearch took 4 meetings and 1 meeting to do test. The result is online game in teaching vocabulary is effective. It can be proven by the result of t-test: the mean score of experimental group (M = 88.29) was higher than control group (M = 83.92), and independent-samples t-test which values of the sig. 2-tailed was 0.29% or 0.029 and 0.029 < 0,05. This result suggests that the use of media online game in teaching vocabulary is interesting way to learn English.

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