scholarly journals Manipulating osa-MIR156f Expression by D18 Promoter to Regulate Plant Architecture and Yield Traits both in Seasonal and Ratooning Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Yunhua Zhu ◽  
Keqin Peng ◽  
Bin Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Basal Node ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Rice Genetic ◽  
Economical Alternative

Abstract Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than half of the world’s population. Ratooning rice is an economical alternative to the second seasonal rice, thus increasing the yield of ratooning rice is highly important. Results Here we report an applicable transgenic line constructed through the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression in rice shoot using the OsGA3ox2 (D18) promoter. In seasonal rice, the D18–11 transgenic line showed moderate height and more effective tillers with normal panicle. In ratooning rice, axillary buds outgrew from the basal node of the D18–11 transgenic line before the harvest of seasonal rice. More effective tillers produced by the outgrowth of axillary buds contributed to the plant architecture improvement and yield increase. Additionally, it was found that osa-miR156f down-regulated the expression of tillering regulators, such as TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) and LAX PANICLE 1 (LAX1). The expression of DWARF10, DWARF27 and DWARF53, three genes being involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactone (SL), decreased in the stem of the D18–11 transgenic line. Conclusion Our results indicated that the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression may have application significance in rice genetic breeding. This study developed a novel strategy to regulate plant architecture and grain yield potential both in the seasonal and ratooning rice.

ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN FIXATION POTENTIAL IN AHIPA (Pachyrhizus ahipa) AND ITS EFFECT ON ROOT AND SEED YIELD

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. RODRÍGUEZ-NAVARRO ◽  
M. CAMACHO ◽  
F. TEMPRANO ◽  
C. SANTAMARÍA ◽  
E. O. LEIDI
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Attractive Option

SUMMARYAhipa is a legume of great interest for the production of raw materials (starch, sugar, oil and proteins) for industrial use. Its yield potential and ability to fix atmospheric N2 in association with rhizobia makes it an attractive option for low input agriculture systems. At present, it is cultivated on a very small scale as a food crop in a few South American countries. Little information is available on symbiotic N2 fixation in ahipa and no work has been performed on strain selection for inoculant production. Soils in southwest Europe are devoid of specific rhizobia able to nodulate on ahipa. Selecting rhizobia for symbiotic effectiveness from a collection led to the isolation of strains which provided greater shoot growth and N content under controlled conditions. In the field, inoculation at sowing with the selected strains increased significantly seed and tuberous root yield and seed protein content. The amount of N2 fixed, estimated by 15N natural abundance, reached 160–260 kg N ha−1. In previous work, ahipa appeared to be a promising alternative crop for the production of industrial raw materials. The results of the present study showed a yield increase in tuberous roots and seeds when applying effective rhizobia inoculants. Furthermore, a positive soil N balance was left after its cultivation making ahipa even more interesting for sustainable farming systems.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. e2004384118
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Xia ◽  
Han Dong ◽  
Yanling Yin ◽  
Xuewei Song ◽  
Xiaohua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Type B ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Bud Removal

The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.

scholarly journals Pembentukan Core Collection untuk Sumber Daya Genetik Padi Toleran Kekeringan

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Tiur S. Silitonga ◽  
Andari Risliawati
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genetic

<p>The Development of Core Collection for Rice Genetic Resources Tolerant to Drought. The experiment was conducted in dry season, July-September 2009 at the research farm in Jakenan, Central Java and planted in randomized block design (RBD) arrangement by using 150 accessions with the plot size of 5 m x 1 m, with plant spacing 25 cm x 20 cm and three replications. Another experiment used as control and grown as upland rice without drought stresses by watering twice in a week was planted in RBD arrangement with two replications, plot size 5 m x 1 m and spacing 25 cm x 20 cm. The results showed that 26 varieties were selected for sub core collection for drought tolerance. Jatiluhur and B.9645-E-Mr-89 had the highest yield potential respectively 3,88 dan 3,77 t/h. All of the varieties with tolerant to drought were selected for core collection. This would be very important as they could be directly grown by farmers as tolerant varieties or used as sources of gene in the breeding program to improve varieties for drought tolerant with high yielding potential.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pembentukan core collection untuk sumber daya genetik padi toleran kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim kemarau, Juli-September 2009 di Kebun Penelitian Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian Jakenan, Jawa Tengah, dengan rancangan acak kelompok, tiga ulangan, menggunakan 150 aksesi yang ditanam pada petak berukuran 5 m x 1 m. Tanaman disiram setiap tiga hari sekali sampai tumbuh baik dan setelah berumur 25 hari tanaman mulai dikeringkan. Sebagai petak pembanding adalah tanaman padi gogo biasa yang disiram setiap dua seminggu sekali sampai panen. Pertanaman pembanding ditanam dengan jarak 25 cm x 20 cm. Dari penelitian ini terpilih 26 varietas toleran kekeringan dengan skor 1-5. Di antara aksesi ini terdapat varietas yang berumur genjah dan sedang (115-135 hari), sehingga waktu panennya agak berbeda. Varietas Jatiluhur dan galur B.9645- E-Mr-89 mempunyai potensi hasil paling tinggi, masingmasing 3,88 dan 3,77 t/ha dan toleran terhadap kekeringan. Aksesi yang toleran terhadap kekeringan terutama yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi, dapat langsung digunakan oleh petani atau sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas unggul toleran kekeringan dan berpotensi hasil tinggi.</p>

scholarly journals High-density QTL mapping of leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content in three soybean RIL populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiye Yu ◽  
Jinshe Wang ◽  
Chongyuan Sun ◽  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Huanqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Background Leaf size and shape, which affect light capture, and chlorophyll content are important factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Genetic variation of these components significantly affects yield potential and seed quality. Identification of the genetic basis for these traits and the relationship between them is of great practical significance for achieving ideal plant architecture and high photosynthetic efficiency for improved yield. Results Here, we undertook a large-scale linkage mapping study using three mapping populations to determine the genetic interplay between soybean leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content across two environments. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf size and shape, while both traits were positively correlated with chlorophyll content. This phenotypic relationship was verified across the three mapping populations as determined by principal component analysis, suggesting that these traits are under the control of complex and interrelated genetic components. The QTLs for leaf-related traits and chlorophyll are partly shared, which further supports the close genetic relationship between the two traits. The largest-effect major loci, q20, was stably identified across all population and environments and harbored the narrow leaflet gene Gm-JAG1 (Ln/ln), which is a key regulator of leaflet shape in soybean. Conclusion Our results uncover several major QTLs (q4–1, q4–2, q11, q13, q18 and q20) and its candidate genes specific or common to leaf-related traits and chlorophyll, and also show a complex epistatic interaction between the two traits. The SNP markers closely linked to these valuable QTLs could be used for molecular design breeding with improved plant architecture, photosynthetic capacity and even yield.

scholarly journals Effects of potassium application on yield attributes, yield and grain quality of lentil in terrace soil of Joydebpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
MA Quddus ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
HM Naser ◽  
S Aktar
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield Maximization

An experiment was conducted in the research field of Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur during two consecutive years of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to determine the suitable dose of potassium for achieving higher yield attributes, nodulation, nutrient concentration and yield maximization of lentil. There were 5 treatments viz. T1 = Control, T2 = 30 kg K ha-1, T3= 40 kg K ha-1, T4= 50 kg K ha-1 and T5= 60 kg K ha-1 along with the blanket dose of fertilizers of N, P, S, Zn and B @ 15, 20, 10, 2 and 1.5 kg ha-1, respectively for all treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results revealed that the highest seed yield (1092 kg ha-1) of lentil (mean of two years) was found in T4 followed by T5 treatment and the lowest (736 kg ha-1) was noted in K control (T1) treatment. The highest % yield increase over control (48.3%) was recorded from T4 treatment. The maximum nodulation was found in T5 followed by T4 treatment. The highest protein (26.9%), N, P, K, S, Zn and B concentrations of lentil seed were recorded in T4 treatment. Therefore, the results suggest that the appliction of 50 kg K ha-1 along with N15P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha-1 are optimum for achieving higher yield potential of lentil in terrace soils of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 599-607, December 2019

EFFETS DES METHODES DE SEMIS SUR L’EVALUATION DES CULTIVARS DE CEREALES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
C. A. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. P. DUBUC ◽  
F. M. GAUTHIER ◽  
H. R. KLINCK
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Adequate Evaluation ◽  
Significant Yield

The differential response of a number of cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) to different methods of seeding was studied. Results of eight station–years with wheat show significant differences in yield among the cultivars and among seeding methods. The highest rate of seeding of wheat, 118 kg/ha, resulted in a significant yield increase, but the yield increase was smaller with narrower rows. The interaction of methods of seeding × cultivars was not significant, indicating that the presently used testing procedures give adequate evaluation of yield potential of wheat cultivars. The stable cultivar performance at the various rates of seeding suggests that efficient individual plant selection could be made at lower rates of seeding in rows 15 cm apart. Results of eight station–years with barley and 12 station–years with oats show that the experimental testing procedures used are adequate to evaluate oats and barley cultivars for yield.

Bolt common bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Terry Rupert ◽  
Alireza Navabi ◽  
Thomas H. Smith ◽  
Thomas E. Michaels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
High Yield Potential

The breeding line ACUG10-1 named as Bolt (CFIA registration no. 7366) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is resistant to anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus)] with an upright plant architecture, suitable for direct harvest and high yield potential. Bolt is recommended for the dry bean growing areas in southwestern Ontario.

scholarly journals The impacts of spring basal and side dressing on maize yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Péter Ragán
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
The University ◽  
Very High

The yield potential of maize is very high. According to Tollenaar (1983), maize yield potential is as high as 25 t ha-1 (absolute dry yield) which is the highest among all cereals. In order to fully utilise this high yield potential, proper nutrient replenishment is of chief importance among all agrotechnical factors. The aim of research was to examine the effect of nitrogen fertiliser applied as basal and side dressing on maize yield. The measurements were performed at the Látókép experiment site (47° 33’ N, 21° 26’ E, 111 m asl) of the Centre for Agricultural Sciences of the University of Debrecen on mid-heavy calcareous chernozem soil with deep humus layer in an established experiment in 2011, 2012 and 2013. The trial design was split-split-plot with two replications. Based on the experiment results, it can be established that the nutrient uptake of maize is greatly dependent on the amount of water store in the soil. From the aspect of the development of the maize plant and water supply, the most determinant factor was the distribution of precipitation over the growing season and not the amount precipitation. This is shown by the fact there was only 276 mm precipitation – which was favourably distributed – in 2012 to increase the availability of nutrients and the main average was the highest in this year (14.394 t ha-1). Spring basal dressing helped maize development in all three years even on chernozem soil which is well supplied with nutrients. Although the effect of side dressing did not result in any yield increase, it could still contribute to mitigating the stress effects caused by environmental factors. Altogether, nutrient supply adapted to the various development stages of maize can favourably affect the success of maize production.

Landforming a red-brown earth dash effects of topsoil removal and redistribution on irrigated crop production

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Pritchard ◽  
WK Mason ◽  
SP Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Topsoil Removal ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
The Cost

Landforming is the use of earthmoving machinery and laser controlled land planes to improve the efficiency of irrigation layouts. Duplex soils with shallow A horizons are vulnerable to the exposure of subsoil in this process, and production from areas where topsoil has been removed is substantially less than from normal soil. A landformed area with a large range of depths of cut (soil removed) and fill (extra soil deposited) gave a linear decrease in dry matter (DM) yield/ha of maize (Zea mays) from 23.7 to 11.2 t/ha, and of oats (Avena sativa) from 13.9 to 7.5 t/ha with increasing depths of topsoil removal, but no progressive yield increase with added soil, so that overall production was estimated to be decreased by 16%. Whole plant N concentration was 24% lower, plant Zn 33% lower and soil Zn 43% lower from areas where topsoil was removed. Ameliorating the exposed subsoil with ripping, gypsum and compensatory N and P fertiliser produced only 71% of maize DM compared with normal soil (16.5 v. 11.7 t/ha). However, the replacement of 75 mm of topsoil completely restored yield. In a pot experiment which removed many of the physical limitations of the field, maize yields from subsoil and topsoil were similar when Zn was added to the subsoil in addition to N, P and K. Although Zn deficiency can limit maize growth on exposed subsoil, soil physical characteristics are a major cause of reduced yield and these were not eliminated in the field by amelioration. The cost of topsoil replacement during landforming may be less, in the long term, than amelioration plus cumulative production losses. The importance of topsoil in maintaining the yield potential of cropping land should not be underestimated in landforming designs for irrigation.

Quantifying the response of crops to shelter in the agricultural regions of South Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Bennell ◽  
A. P. Verbyla
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Pulse Crops

Integrating belts of woody perennials into Australian farms is proposed as a method of enhancing crop productivity through shelter benefits while addressing natural resource management issues including groundwater recharge. This paper presents yield data from cereal and pulse crops collected from windbreak sites through the eastern agricultural districts of South Australia, using a harvester equipped with a yield monitor. The crop response followed the expected pattern of a competition zone of reduced yield of 1–4 tree heights (H) adjacent to the windbreak followed by a shelter benefit zone of unchanged or improved yield extending out to a maximum of 20H. The yield response in the sheltered benefit zone is +3.7% for all cereals (2.2H–9.7H) and is +14.0% for all pulse crops (1.7H–10.4H). Wheat and barley have similar results, with gains in the shelter benefit zones of 4.1% and 2.1%, respectively, with windbreak competition effects resulting in net yields of 3.0% for wheat and –1.1% for barley in the sheltered zones. Faba bean (Vicia faba) shows a strong consistent response to wind shelter, with a yield increase of 19.6% in the shelter benefit zone (1.5H–19.6H) and net gain of 19.1% in the sheltered zone (crop edge at 1.0H and extending to 19.6H). The response of cereals to sheltered effects varied across the years of the survey, with net positive results in 1997 (7.4%) and 1999 (7.5%) and close to zero in 1998 and 2000. A theoretical prediction of potential crop yield based on climate for the years of the survey showed that 1997 and 1999 had lower yield potential than 2000 and 1998. This suggests that the climatic conditions occurring during the growing season also influence crop shelter responses. Where cereals are the predominant crop the net yield returns from windbreaks would be small, even if root pruning could be successfully undertaken.

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