scholarly journals Urinary creatinine varies with microenvironment and sex in hibernating Greater Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heungjin Ryu ◽  
Kodzue Kinoshita ◽  
Sungbae Joo ◽  
Sun-Sook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

Abstract Background In temperate regions many small mammals including bats hibernate during winter. During hibernation these small mammals occasionally wake up (arouse) to restore electrolyte and water balance. However, field data on water stress and concentration of bodily fluids during hibernation is scarce. Urinary creatinine concentration has long been used to calibrate urinary hormone concentration due to its close correlation with urine concentration. Therefore, by investigating urinary creatinine concentration, we can estimate bodily fluid concentration. In this study, we investigated changes in urinary creatinine from greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) hibernating in abandoned mineshafts in two regions in South Korea. Results We collected 74 urine samples from hibernating greater horseshoe bats from 2018 to 2019. We found that urinary creatinine concentration was higher in February and March and then declined in April. There were also indications of a sex difference in the pattern of change in creatinine concentration over the three months. Bats in the warmer and less humid mineshaft had higher urinary creatinine concentrations than bats in the colder and more humid mineshaft. Conclusions These results indicate that hibernating bats face water stress as urinary concentration increases during winter and that water stress may vary depending on the microenvironment. Sex differences in behaviour during hibernation may influence arousal frequency and result in sex differences in changes in urinary creatinine concentration as hibernation progresses. Although further behavioural and endocrinal investigations are needed, our study suggests that urinary creatinine concentration can be used as a proxy to estimate the hydration status of bats and the effect of sex and environmental factors on arousal patterns during hibernation.

Vocal communication in adult greater horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

2006 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ma ◽  
Kohta Kobayasi ◽  
Shuyi Zhang ◽  
Walter Metzner
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

Evaluation of Renal Function During Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Bassam A. Atiyeh ◽  
Shermine S. Dabbagh ◽  
Alan B. Gruskin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration

There are several methods to evaluate renal function during childhood. The use of serum creatinine, either alone or in combination with the Schwartz formula, is reliable and quick, but requires knowledge of conceptual age. A plasma creatinine concentration of 88.4 µmol/L (1.0 mg/dL), for example, represents normal renal function in an adolescent but more than 50% loss of renal function in a 5-year-old child. A timed urine collection for creatinine clearance is another evaluative method, but the adequacy of the urine collection always should be determined first. Urea clearance rarely is used to measure GFR because of the complex factors that influence urea excreation. Measurement of the disappearance of radioactive-labeled substances in plasma can be used to determine GFR. Radionuclide renal scans also can be used and offer the advantage of estimating the GFR of each kidney. Although infants and newborns have an intact urine diluting ability, their concentrating ability is impaired. The maximal urinary concentration in the neonatal period is less than 700 mOsm/kg, but reaches adult values of 1200 mOsm/kg by 6 to 12 months of life. Similarly, the infant kidney has a limited capacity for salt regulation, predisposing the infant to salt disturbances.

Renal Injury in Sick Newborn Infants: A Prospective Evaluation Using Urinary β2-Microglobulin Concentrations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
Eric D. Tack ◽  
Jeffrey M. Perlman ◽  
Alan M. Robson ◽  
Cathy Hausel ◽  
Charles C. T. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Sick Newborn ◽  
Healthy Infants

Urinary concentrations of β2-microglobulin and creatinine were measured serially in 140 sick infants, of whom 109 were asphyxiated, and in 35 healthy preterm and term infants. First voided urines and samples from days 3 and 7 postpartum were studied. Urinary β2-microglobulin concentrations in healthy infants averaged 1.34 ± 1.34 mg/L (mean ± SD) in first voided specimens and 1.32 ± 0.98 mg/L in day 3 samples; the calculated upper limit of normal (95% confidence limit) was 4.00 mg/L. Elevated values (those exceeding the 95% confidence limit) occurred most often in the sick asphyxiated patients (56%); the first voided sample value in these patients was 10.0 ± 10.4 mg/L. The equivalent value in the sick nonasphyxiated infants was 8.32 ± 7.27 mg/L. Values were significantly and persistently elevated in the sick infants on days 3 and 7. Factoring β2-microglobulin levels by urinary creatinine concentration did not affect the significance of the findings. The increased urinary β2-microglobulin levels were not (1) related to gestational age; low β2-microglobulin values occurred at all gestational ages for both healthy and sick infants; (2) a consequence of urine flow rate; urinary β2-microglobulin did not correlate with urinary creatinine concentration or with urine to plasma creatinine ratio; and (3) a consequence of increased production of β2-microglobulin; urinary and serum β2-microglobulin values did not correlate (r = .03). Thus, we propose that the elevated levels of urinary β2-microglobulin in the sick infants were the consequence of tubular injury. This was associated with hematuria but not with a high incidence of azotemia or oliguria. In the most premature infants (<32 weeks), elevated urinary β2-microglobulin concentrations were associated with significantly increased urinary concentrations of sodium and potassium. These data suggest a higher prevalence of acute tubular injury in sick newborn infants than has been reported in previous studies in which more traditional indices of renal injury were used.

scholarly journals Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Predictors of Low Spot Urinary Creatinine Concentration in Patients with Heart Failure

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3994
Author(s):  
Jolanta Malinowska-Borowska ◽  
Aleksandra Kulik ◽  
Marta Buczkowska ◽  
Weronika Ostręga ◽  
Apolonia Stefaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Appendicular Muscle Mass

Low spot urinary creatinine concentration (SUCR) is a marker of muscle wasting and clinical outcome. The risk factors for low SUCR in heart failure (HF) remain poorly understood. We explored the risk factors for low SUCR related to poor outcomes. In 721 HF patients (age: 52.3 ± 11 years, female: 14%, NYHA: 2.7 ± 0.7) SUCR and Dexa body composition scans were performed. BMI prior HF-onset, weight loss, and appendicular muscle mass were obtained. Each patient was classified as malnutrition or normal by GLIM criteria and three other biochemical indices (CONUT, PNI, and GRNI). Sarcopenia index (SI) as creatinine to cystatin C ratio was also calculated. Within 1 year, 80 (11.1%) patients died. In ROC curve we identified a SUCR value of 0.628 g/L as optimally discriminating surviving from dead. In low SUCR group more advanced HF, higher weight loss and catabolic components of weight trajectory (CCWT), more frequent under-nutrition by GLIM, and lower SI were observed. In multivariate analysis the independent predictors of low SUCR were SI, CCWT, and GNRI score. In conclusion: the risk of low SUCR was associated with a worse outcome. Low SUCR was associated with greater catabolism and sarcopenia but not with biochemical indices of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain Transcriptome of the Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in Active and Torpid Episodes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lei ◽  
Dong Dong ◽  
Shuo Mu ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Pan ◽  
Shuyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum ◽  
Brain Transcriptome ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

How should urinary cotinine concentrations be adjusted for urinary creatinine concentration?

1990 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Thompson ◽  
R.D. Barlow ◽  
N.J. Wald ◽  
H. Van Vunakis
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Urinary Cotinine

scholarly journals Reference Values for Urinary HMMA, HVA, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, and Dopamine Excretion in Children Using Random Urine Samples and HPLC with Electrochemical Detection

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fitzgibbon ◽  
R J FitzGerald ◽  
W P Tormey ◽  
A O'Meara ◽  
D Kenny
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Reference Limits

Random urine samples were collected from 305 children aged from birth to 14 years and the values of hydroxymethoxymandelic acid, homovanillic acid, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The results were reported relative to the urinary creatinine concentration and the values declined progressively with increasing age for each analyte with the exception of adrenaline. The results for each age group were not normally distributed and all values except outliers were retained in determining the upper reference limits.

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