Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

Abstract Background Our previous study finds that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth and reduced biomass, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigate the underlying mechanism of male sterility and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterility in mutants and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it is found that the pathways are mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis show that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza is abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Expression level of 7 differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways is downregulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza, which could explain the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis establishes the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role of sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirm that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) is involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) is an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

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Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

10.21203/rs.2.9785/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ruihong Wang ◽

Han Jiang ◽

Ziyun Zhou ◽

Hongbo Guo ◽

Juane Dong

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Metabolic Process ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study finds that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth and reduced biomass, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigate the underlying mechanism of male sterility and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterility in mutants and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it is found that the pathways are mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis show that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza is abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange ( A , E and gs ), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Expression level of 7 differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways is downregulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza , which could explain the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis establishes the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 ( DPE1 ) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role of sucrose synthase 3 ( SUS3 ) and cytosolic invertase 2 ( CINV2 ) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirm that phenylalanine ammonialyase ( PAL ) is involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase ( FLS ) is an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

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Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

10.21203/rs.2.9785/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ruihong Wang ◽

Han Jiang ◽

Ziyun Zhou ◽

Hongbo Guo ◽

Juane Dong

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Metabolic Process ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study found that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth, reduced biomass, decreased primary metabolism, and increased secondary metabolism, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigated the underlying mechanism of male sterility to plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterile mutants to plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it was found that the pathways were mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis showed that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza was abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the expression levels of 7 genes involved to photosynthesis-related pathway were down-regulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza, which was consistent with the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis established the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirmed that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) was involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) was an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

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Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

10.21203/rs.2.9785/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ruihong Wang ◽

Hongbo Guo ◽

Juane Dong

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Metabolic Process ◽

Primary Metabolism ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study found that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth, decrease biomass, inhibit primary metabolism, and promote secondary metabolism, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this article, we investigated the underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analyses were performed to identify the effect on plant growth and metabolic production in male sterile mutants. Through GO and KEGG analysis it was found that the pathways were mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analyses showed that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of Salvia miltiorrhiza was abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) catalyzed the degradation of starch, while sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) catalyzed the degradation of sucrose in S. miltiorrhiza. The results suggested that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) played an important role in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) was an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. High expression level of these enzyme genes in male sterile mutants resulted in high content of secondary metabolites. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop production of S. miltiorrhiza.

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An Update on the Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plasmodesmata: A Focus on Formins

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.647123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Min Diao ◽

Shanjin Huang

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Actin Cytoskeleton ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Review Article ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Shed Light

Cell-to-cell communication in plants is mediated by plasmodesmata (PD) whose permeability is tightly regulated during plant growth and development. The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in regulating the permeability of PD, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Recent characterization of PD-localized formin proteins has shed light on the role and mechanism of action of actin in regulating PD-mediated intercellular trafficking. In this mini-review article, we will describe the progress in this area.

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Tanshinone IIA alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury via lncRNA AK003290/miR-124-5p signaling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17330/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liye Chen ◽

Lili Wei ◽

Qiongyang Yu ◽

Haozhe Shi ◽

George Liu

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Protective Role ◽

Tanshinone Iia ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Abstract Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death globally and has thus placed a heavy burden on healthcare. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a major active compound, extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, that possesses various pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of TSA in AMI and its underlying mechanism of action.Results: We have shown that TSA decreased the apoptosis rate, the amount of LDH, MDA as well as ROS of cardiomyocytes. Meantime, it elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which was decreased by H/R treatment. It was also determined that miR-124-5p targets AK003290 directly. TSA up-regulated the expression of AK003290 and its function can be reversed by knock down of AK003290 as well as miR-124-5p overexpression.Conclusion: TSA exerts the protective role against H/R induced apoptosis, oxidative and MMP loss of cardiomyocytes via regulating AK003290 and miR-124-5p signaling.

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Protocatechualdehyde Inhibits the Osteoclast Differentiation of RAW264.7 and BMM Cells by Regulating NF-κB and MAPK Activity

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6108999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yunyun Qu ◽

Xin Liu ◽

Shuai Zong ◽

Huanxin Sun ◽

Shuang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Cell Types ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Macrophage Cell ◽

Mapk Activity ◽

Trap Staining

Protocatechualdehyde (PCA), an important component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has many activities, such as anti-inflammatory and antisepsis activities. However, the role of PCA in osteoclasts is not clear. We used RAW264.7 cells (a mouse leukemic monocyte/macrophage cell line) and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to probe the role of PCA in osteoclasts and the underlying mechanism. The effects of PCA on cell activity were evaluated with CCK-8 assays. TRAP staining detected mature osteoclasts. Corning Osteo Assay Surface plates were used to examine absorption. The levels of RNA and protein were analyzed, respectively, using RT-PCR and Western blotting. PCA (5 μg/ml) was not toxic to the two cell types but reduced the formation of osteoclasts and bone absorption. Furthermore, PCA restrained the expression of mRNAs encoding proteins associated with osteoclasts and reduced the phosphorylation of proteins in important signaling pathways. The results indicate that PCA inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK activity.

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Discovery of a Novel ERp57 Inhibitor as Antiplatelet Agent from Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9387568 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jia Zou ◽

Yang Chen ◽

Maggie Pui Man Hoi ◽

Jun Li ◽

Tao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Antiplatelet Agent ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Protein Disulfide ◽

First Time

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a well-known herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we showed that Danshen and its active ingredient rosmarinic acid exhibited antiplatelet effects through the inhibition of ERp57, a member of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) with potential roles in platelet aggregation. Danshen extract (DSE) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid- (AA-) induced platelet aggregation and the enzymatic activity of ERp57. Rosmarinic acid was identified by virtual screening and molecular docking as one of the hit compounds for ERp57. In line with this, rosmarinic acid displayed significant inhibitory effect on ERp57 activity and inhibited AA-induced platelet aggregation. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that DSE and rosmarinic acid displayed inhibitory effects on the catalytic activity of ERp57, providing evidence of the regulatory role of ERp57 underlying the antiplatelet effects of Danshen.

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Linking exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine and stomatal characteristics with salinity stress tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02892-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Jinsai Chen ◽

Abubakar Sunusi Amin ◽

Guangshuai Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Stomatal Characteristics ◽

Fluorescence Characteristics

Abstract Background Glycine betaine (GB) plays a crucial role in plants responding to abiotic stresses. Studying the physiological response of cotton seedlings to exogenous GB under salt stress provides a reference for the application of GB to improve the resistance of cotton seedlings under salt stress. The purpose of this research is to examine the impacts of foliar-applied GB on leaf stomatal structure and characteristics, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and plant growth indicators of Gossypium hirsutum L. under NaCl stress conditions. Results Under the salinity of 150 mM, the four concentrations of GB are 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mM, and the control (CK) was GB-untreated non-saline. Salt stress negatively affected leaf stomata as well as gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence and decreased plant growth parameters of cotton seedlings. The treatment with 5 mM GB significantly increased the evolution of photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (gs) compared to the GB-untreated saline treatment. The Exogenous foliar-applied GB has sustainably decreased the carboxylation efficiency (Pn/Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE). The concentration of 5 mM GB leads to a significant improvement of leaf stomatal characteristics. The leaf gas exchange attributes correlated positively with stomatal density (SD), stomatal length (SL) and stomatal with (SW). Conclusion The overall results suggested that exogenous foliar supplementation with GB can effectively alleviate the damage of salt stress to cotton seedlings. The effect of applying 5 mM GB could be an optional choice for protecting cotton seedlings from NaCl stress through promoting the stomatal functions, photosynthetic activities and growth characteristics.

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Tanshinone IIA alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocyte injury via lncRNA AK003290/miR-124-5p signaling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17330/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liye Chen ◽

Lili Wei ◽

Qiongyang Yu ◽

Haozhe Shi ◽

George Liu

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Protective Role ◽

Tanshinone Iia ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

Induced Apoptosis

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Characterization of male-sterile Arabidopsis thaliana mutants exhibiting altered tapetum development

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085344 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 208-209

Author(s):

C. S. Bricker ◽

N. Smith-Huerta ◽

C. A. Makaroff

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Insertional Mutagenesis ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Growth Substances ◽

Microspore Development ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Molecular Signals

The tapetum is the tissue in the anther that is in closest contact with the developing microspores. It consists of large and frequently multinucleate, richly cytoplasmic cells that provide most of the nutrients and growth substances necessary for the developing microspore. A great deal of our knowledge on the tapetum has come from studies on malesterile mutants. We are using T-DNA insertional mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana to identify, isolate and characterize the genes that control the differentiation of the tapetum. As a first step we have identified those mutants that exhibit the sporogenous type of male sterility (relatively normal stamen development but alterations in microsporogenesis). Further analyses have identified those mutants that exhibit alterations in tapetum development that have resulted from insertional mutagenesis by the T-DNA. Through the analysis of these mutants we hope to identify the molecular signals that regulate tapetal tissue differentiation and provide molecular evidence on the role of the tapetum in microspore development.

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