scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Wang ◽  
Hongbo Guo ◽  
Juane Dong
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study found that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth, decrease biomass, inhibit primary metabolism, and promote secondary metabolism, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this article, we investigated the underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analyses were performed to identify the effect on plant growth and metabolic production in male sterile mutants. Through GO and KEGG analysis it was found that the pathways were mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analyses showed that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of Salvia miltiorrhiza was abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) catalyzed the degradation of starch, while sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) catalyzed the degradation of sucrose in S. miltiorrhiza. The results suggested that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) played an important role in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) was an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. High expression level of these enzyme genes in male sterile mutants resulted in high content of secondary metabolites. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop production of S. miltiorrhiza.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Wang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Ziyun Zhou ◽  
Hongbo Guo ◽  
Juane Dong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study finds that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth and reduced biomass, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigate the underlying mechanism of male sterility and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterility in mutants and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it is found that the pathways are mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis show that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza is abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange ( A , E and gs ), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Expression level of 7 differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways is downregulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza , which could explain the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis establishes the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 ( DPE1 ) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role of sucrose synthase 3 ( SUS3 ) and cytosolic invertase 2 ( CINV2 ) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirm that phenylalanine ammonialyase ( PAL ) is involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase ( FLS ) is an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Wang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Ziyun Zhou ◽  
Hongbo Guo ◽  
Juane Dong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background Our previous study finds that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth and reduced biomass, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigate the underlying mechanism of male sterility and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterility in mutants and its impact on plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it is found that the pathways are mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis show that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza is abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Expression level of 7 differentially expressed genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways is downregulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza, which could explain the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis establishes the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role of sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirm that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) is involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) is an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Wang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Ziyun Zhou ◽  
Hongbo Guo ◽  
Juane Dong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Physiological Analysis

Abstract Background: Our previous study found that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth, reduced biomass, decreased primary metabolism, and increased secondary metabolism, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been revealed. In this article, we investigated the underlying mechanism of male sterility to plant growth and metabolic yield by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed to identify the mechanism of male sterile mutants to plant growth and metabolic yield. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, it was found that the pathways were mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analysis showed that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of S. miltiorrhiza was abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the expression levels of 7 genes involved to photosynthesis-related pathway were down-regulated in male sterile lines of S. miltiorrhiza, which was consistent with the corresponding phenotypic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange. Transcriptomic analysis established the role of disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) as catalyzing the degradation of starch, and the role sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) as catalyzing the degradation of sucrose in the S. miltiorrhiza mutants. The results also confirmed that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) was involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) was an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolic yield in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop yield of S. miltiorrhiza.

scholarly journals A Global Metabolic Map Defines the Effects of a Si-Based Biostimulant on Tomato Plants under Normal and Saline Conditions

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Kekeletso H. Chele ◽  
Paul Steenkamp ◽  
Lizelle A. Piater ◽  
Ian A. Dubery ◽  
Johan Huyser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Metabolomics Study

The ongoing unpredictability of climate changes is exponentially exerting a negative impact on crop production, further aggravating detrimental abiotic stress effects. Several research studies have been focused on the genetic modification of crop plants to achieve more crop resilience against such stress factors; however, there has been a paradigm shift in modern agriculture focusing on more organic, eco-friendly and long-lasting systems to improve crop yield. As such, extensive research into the use of microbial and nonmicrobial biostimulants has been at the core of agricultural studies to improve crop growth and development, as well as to attain tolerance against several biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the biostimulant activity remain enigmatic. Thus, this study is a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics approach to unravel the hypothetical biochemical framework underlying effects of a nonmicrobial biostimulant (a silicon-based formulation) on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersium) under salinity stress conditions. This metabolomics study postulates that Si-based biostimulants could alleviate salinity stress in tomato plants through modulation of the primary metabolism involving changes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid and numerous amino acid biosynthesis pathways, with further reprogramming of several secondary metabolism pathways such as the phenylpropanoid pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathways including flavone and flavanol biosynthesis. Thus, the postulated hypothetical framework, describing biostimulant-induced metabolic events in tomato plants, provides actionable knowledge necessary for industries and farmers to, confidently and innovatively, explore, design, and fully implement Si-based formulations and strategies into agronomic practices for sustainable agriculture and food production.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Mechanism of Gene Silencing and Its Role in Plant Growth and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. El-Sappah ◽  
Kuan Yan ◽  
Qiulan Huang ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Quanzi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism

Gene silencing is a negative feedback mechanism that regulates gene expression to define cell fate and also regulates metabolism and gene expression throughout the life of an organism. In plants, gene silencing occurs via transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). TGS obscures transcription via the methylation of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), whereas PTGS causes the methylation of a coding region to result in transcript degradation. In this review, we summarized the history and molecular mechanisms of gene silencing and underlined its specific role in plant growth and crop production.

scholarly journals The Plastid-Localized AtFtsHi3 Pseudo-Protease of Arabidopsis thaliana Has an Impact on Plant Growth and Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi S. Mishra ◽  
Sanatkumar Mishra ◽  
Daniel F. Caddell ◽  
Devin Coleman-Derr ◽  
Christiane Funk
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Darwinian Fitness ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Stomata Size

While drought severely affects plant growth and crop production, the molecular mechanisms of the drought response of plants remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the effect of the pseudo-protease AtFtsHi3 of Arabidopsis thaliana on overall plant growth and in drought tolerance. An AtFTSHi3 knock-down mutant [ftshi3-1(kd)] displayed a pale-green phenotype with lower photosynthetic efficiency and Darwinian fitness compared to wild type (Wt). An observed delay in seed germination of ftshi3-1(kd) was attributed to overaccumulation of abscisic acid (ABA); ftshi3-1(kd) seedlings showed partial sensitivity to exogenous ABA. Being exposed to similar severity of soil drying, ftshi3-1(kd) was drought-tolerant up to 20 days after the last irrigation, while wild type plants wilted after 12 days. Leaves of ftshi3-1(kd) contained reduced stomata size, density, and a smaller stomatic aperture. During drought stress, ftshi3-1(kd) showed lowered stomatal conductance, increased intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), and slower stress acclimation. Expression levels of ABA-responsive genes were higher in leaves of ftshi3-1(kd) than Wt; DREB1A, but not DREB2A, was significantly upregulated during drought. However, although ftshi3-1(kd) displayed a drought-tolerant phenotype in aboveground tissue, the root-associated bacterial community responded to drought.

Nano-Curcumin Regulates p53 Phosphorylation and PAI-1 Expression during Bleomycin Induced Injury in Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Mahesh M. Gouda ◽  
Ashwini Prabhu ◽  
Varsha Reddy S.V. ◽  
Rafa Jahan ◽  
Yashodhar P. Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cellular Damage

Background: Bleomycin (BLM) is known to cause DNA damage in the Alveolar Epithelial Cells (AECs). It is reported that BLM is involved in the up-regulation of inflammatory molecules such as neutrophils, macrophages, chemokines and cytokines. The complex underlying mechanism for inflammation mediated progression of lung injury is still unclear. This investigation was designed to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with p53 mediated modulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-I (PAI-I) expression and its regulation by nano-curcumin formulation. Methods: A549 cells were treated with BLM to cause the cellular damage in vitro and commercially available nano-curcumin formulation was used as an intervention. Cytotoxic effect of nano-curcumin was analyzed using Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Protein expressions were analyzed using western blot to evaluate the p53 mediated changes in PAI-I expression. Results: Nano-curcumin showed cytotoxicity up to 88.5 % at a concentration of 20 μg/ml after 48 h of treatment. BLM exposure to the cells activated the phosphorylation of p53, which in turn increased PAII expression. Nano-curcumin treatment showed a protective role against phosphorylation of p53 and PAI-I expression, which in turn regulated the fibro-proliferative phase of injury induced by bleomycin. Conclusion: Nano-curcumin could be used as an effective intervention to regulate the severity of lung injury, apoptosis of AECs and fibro-proliferation during pulmonary injury.

scholarly journals 3D-surface MALDI mass spectrometry imaging for visualising plant defensive cardiac glycosides in Asclepias curassavica

2021 ◽  
Vol 413 (8) ◽  
pp. 2125-2134
Author(s):  
Domenic Dreisbach ◽  
Georg Petschenka ◽  
Bernhard Spengler ◽  
Dhaka R. Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Asclepias Curassavica ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
3D Surfaces

AbstractMass spectrometry–based imaging (MSI) has emerged as a promising method for spatial metabolomics in plant science. Several ionisation techniques have shown great potential for the spatially resolved analysis of metabolites in plant tissue. However, limitations in technology and methodology limited the molecular information for irregular 3D surfaces with resolutions on the micrometre scale. Here, we used atmospheric-pressure 3D-surface matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (3D-surface MALDI MSI) to investigate plant chemical defence at the topographic molecular level for the model system Asclepias curassavica. Upon mechanical damage (simulating herbivore attacks) of native A. curassavica leaves, the surface of the leaves varies up to 700 μm, and cardiac glycosides (cardenolides) and other defence metabolites were exclusively detected in damaged leaf tissue but not in different regions of the same leaf. Our results indicated an increased latex flow rate towards the point of damage leading to an accumulation of defence substances in the affected area. While the concentration of cardiac glycosides showed no differences between 10 and 300 min after wounding, cardiac glycosides decreased after 24 h. The employed autofocusing AP-SMALDI MSI system provides a significant technological advancement for the visualisation of individual molecule species on irregular 3D surfaces such as native plant leaves. Our study demonstrates the enormous potential of this method in the field of plant science including primary metabolism and molecular mechanisms of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress and symbiotic relationships. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Anti-Fibrosis Effects of Magnesium Lithospermate B in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis: By Inhibiting TGF-βRI/Smad Signaling

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Xin Luo ◽  
Qiangqiang Deng ◽  
Yaru Xue ◽  
Tianwei Zhang ◽  
Zhitao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Human Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Magnesium Lithospermate B

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe and irreversible interstitial pulmonary disease with high mortality and few treatments. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is a hydrosoluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been reported to have antifibrotic effects in other forms of tissue fibrosis. In this research, we studied the effects of MLB on pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that MLB treatment (50 mg/kg) for seven days could attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the alveolar structure disruption and collagen deposition in the C57 mouse model. MLB was also found to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-stimulated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) cells and collagen production by human type II alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) cells, mainly by decreasing the expression of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) and regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Further studies confirmed that the molecular mechanisms of MLB in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice were similar to those observed in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrated that MLB could alleviate experimental pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MLB has great potential for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.

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