scholarly journals Lifestyle behaviours in patients with established cardiovascular diseases: a European observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Fernández ◽  
Carlos Brotons ◽  
Irene Moral ◽  
Mateja Bulc ◽  
Mélanie Afonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Patients who have experienced a cardiovascular clinical event such as a myocardial infarction or stroke qualify for intensive risk factor evaluation and management. The aim of this study is to explore lifestyle changes as well as the achievement of targets for risk factors in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in primary care practices. The study was carried out in six European countries (Croatia, France, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Turkey). Patients with established cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease and stroke) attended in primary care were selected and assessed from January to June 2016. Patients were recruited and assessed at the practice by research assistants between 6 months and 3 years after the event. Statistical comparisons were done with the unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results Nine hundred and seventy-three patients (32.4% females) were assessed. About 14% of them were smokers, 32% were physically inactive, and 30% had nutritionally poor eating behaviours. LDL cholesterol target value below 70 mg/dl was achieved in about 23% of patients, and in general, women were less cardio-protected by drugs than men. Conclusions Many patients with established cardiovascular disease who attended in general practice still fail to achieve the lifestyle, risk factor, and therapeutic targets set by European guidelines. These results are relevant to general practitioners because these patients have a high risk of subsequent cardiovascular events, including MI, stroke, and death.

scholarly journals Epilepsy as a Comorbidity in Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3983
Author(s):  
Ella Nissan ◽  
Abdulla Watad ◽  
Arnon D. Cohen ◽  
Kassem Sharif ◽  
Johnatan Nissan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional

Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune-mediated multisystemic myopathies, characterized mainly by proximal muscle weakness. A connection between epilepsy and PM/DM has not been reported previously. Our study aim is to evaluate this association. A case–control study was conducted, enrolling a total of 12,278 patients with 2085 cases (17.0%) and 10,193 subjects in the control group (83.0%). Student’s t-test was used to evaluate continuous variables, while the chi-square test was applied for the distribution of categorical variables. Log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazards method were performed for the analysis regarding survival. Of the studied 2085 cases, 1475 subjects (70.7%) were diagnosed with DM, and 610 patients (29.3%) with PM. Participants enrolled as cases had a significantly higher rate of epilepsy (n = 48 [2.3%]) as compared to controls (n = 141 [1.4%], p < 0.0005). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, PM was found only to be significantly associated with epilepsy (OR 2.2 [95%CI 1.36 to 3.55], p = 0.0014), whereas a non-significant positive trend was noted in DM (OR 1.51 [95%CI 0.99 to 2.30], p = 0.0547). Our data suggest that PM is associated with a higher rate of epilepsy compared to controls. Physicians should be aware of this comorbidity in patients with immune-mediated myopathies.

scholarly journals Association between Short Hours of Sleep and Overweight/Obesity in Mexican Adolescent Population: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Ana Fresan ◽  
Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza ◽  
María Lilia López-Narváez ◽  
Tania Guadalupe Gómez-Peralta ◽  
Daniela Georgina Aguilar-Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
School Based ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Mexican Adolescents

Background/Aim: Obesity in adolescents is increasing; as such, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in Mexican adolescents and examine its possible association with hours of sleep. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. This study included 863 adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years. The prevalence of obesity was estimated using the body mass index (BMI). The duration of sleep (and other information) was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The Cochran–Mantel–Hansel test for categorical variables and a general linear model for continuous variables were used to evaluate the interaction effect of BMI and sex with respect to sleeping and assessed activity conditions. Results: It was found that 47.6% of the adolescents were overweight/obese. Men were more frequently overweight/obese than women (52.6% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.002). Moreover, overweight/obese adolescents were younger and spent fewer daily hours watching television (p < 0.05). Men practiced sports more hours per week than women (p = 0.04). However, women spent more daily time on the internet (p = 0.05), and overweight/obese adolescent women slept fewer hours than overweight/obese men and adolescents with normal weight (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The development of strategies for the prevention of overweight/obesity and the improvement of sleep duration should include a gender perspective to improve health habits in Mexican adolescents.

Prevalence and factors related to second hand smoking exposure, knowledge and response among adolescents in rural Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalaiselvy Arikrishnan ◽  
Gokul Sarveswaran ◽  
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽  
Marie Gilbert Majella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Second Hand Smoking

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of Second Hand Smoking (SHS) and assess the factors related to exposure, knowledge and response to SHS among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents during March and April 2018. Two out of four villages were selected randomly and all the adolescents were contacted through household visit and questionnaire was administered. Semi structured questionnaire contained three sections: sociodemographic details, environmental assessment and third section contained knowledge about SHS, COTPA and response towards being exposed to SHS, as well as exposure history. Continuous variables like age were summarized as mean (SD). Categorical variables such as awareness, attitude and practise towards SHS were summarized as proportions with 95% confidence interval.ResultsTotal number of adolescents interviewed was 789. The mean age of the study participants were 14.1 (2.4) years and majority, 440 (55.8%) were boys and 684 (86.7%) belonged to nuclear family. More than one fourth, 210 (26.6%) belonged to middle class of socio-economic status. Environmental assessment of household showed more than half, 456 (57.8%) were staying in pucca house and majority 642 (81.4%) had adequate cross ventilation. It was found that about 70.1% had adequate knowledge about SHS and its harmful effects. Prevalence of exposure to SHS was 49%. Majority (40.5%) told that they will scold or advice the family member to stop smoking if they are exposed to SHS in the living place. However, almost 80% of adolescents mentioned that they will no’t react if they see someone smoking in a public place.ConclusionsCurrent study found that almost half of the adolescents were exposed to SHS. Even though, almost three fourth had adequate knowledge, attitude towards preventing SHS in public place was found to be poor. Hence, adolescents need to be motivated enough to address the problem in the public place through motivational counselling in adolescent clinics by health care workers.

scholarly journals Drug interactions in the pharmacotherapy of patients included in primary care comprehensive medication management services

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Hágabo M. SILVA ◽  
Djenane RAMALHO-DE-OLIVEIRA ◽  
Ursula M. MARTINS ◽  
Yone A. NASCIMENTO ◽  
Adriano M. REIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Available Information

Objective: A drug interaction (DI) is the clinical event in which the effect or action of one drug is modified by the presence of another. Because of potential harms and low consistency of available information, it is critical to assess the clinical relevance of DI. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the clinical consequences of DI in the pharmacotherapy of patients followed in a primary care Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) services. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was based on the analysis of the CMM records all the patients that used at least two medications and attended to at least three CMM consultations from August 2015 to March 2016 (n=88). Potential DI were identified among the medications used in the initial consultation of CMM using Micromedex® Drug-Reax® software. The DI were classified as “monitorable” (when its clinical consequences could be monitored by effectiveness or safety paremeters) or non-monitorable, and their clinical consequences were evaluated by analysis of CMM records. Results: Among the studied population 95.5% of the patients had at least one potential DI in their pharmacotherapy, totaling 493 potential DI. Of all the potential DIs identified, 90.9% were monitorable, and the majority of these monitorable DI presented no clinical consequences (62.7%). For 63.9% of the DI with clinical impact, the pharmacist adopted direct or indirect measures that would favor the resolution or reduction of the clinical impact of DIs. Conclusion: The CMM service facilitates the management of DIs since its decision-making method calls for monitoring of the effectiveness and safety parameters, individualizing the management of DIs according to the patient’s needs and their clinical consequences.

scholarly journals Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in humans involved in a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arithi Mutembei ◽  
Festus K. Mutai ◽  
Damaris Mwololo ◽  
John Muriuki ◽  
Mark Obonyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tana River

AbstractIntroductionLeptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic infection caused by spirochetes of Leptospira genus. Humans get infected through direct or indirect contact with urine of infected animals or environment. It accounts for more than 300,000 severe cases annually worldwide with case fatality rates of over 30%. Costs of diagnosis and treatment for human and animals, disruption of international trade of animals and products, reduced productivity and reproductivity in animals constitute economic importance. In Kenya, leptospirosis burden is significant but under-diagnosis and under-reporting affects the awareness of the disease. This study aimed to determine and compare the sero-prevalence and factors associated with Leptospira spp. in the two counties.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study that involved apparently healthy people of at least 5 years of age in randomly selected households in Garissa and Tana River Counties. Blood samples were collected and tested for Leptospira spp antibodies using IgM ELISA. Standardized structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and exposure information. We calculated frequencies and proportions for categorical variables and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate association between sero-positivity and exposure factors. We used Wilcoxon test to evaluate statistical difference in sero-positivity for continuous variables and calculated test statistic (H) and p-value.ResultsA total of 952 subjects were recruited into the study – these included 482 persons from Garissa and 470 from Tana River. The overall sero-prevalence was 26% [(244/952); (CI: 23% to 29%)]. Garissa County had significantly higher Leptospira spp. seroprevalence (31%, n = 147; CI: 27% to 35%) compared to Tana River County (21 %, n = 97; CI: 17% to 25%). Being a female (OR=1.6, CI: 1.2-2.2) and engaging in pastoralism (OR=2.7, CI: 1.8-3.9) were significantly associated with higher odds of Leptospira spp. seropositivity compared to being a male or working in irrigated areas. The mean altitude of residence of sero-positive patients was 73m ± 21 SD (standard deviation) above sea level and that for sero-negative was 80m ± 22 SD (H=35, p-value = 0.00).ConclusionThis study determined the seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospira spp. exposure in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya. Females in pastoral communities experience high burden of the disease. Enhanced surveillance in humans and animals and further research is required to understand the complex and multifactorial drivers of leptospirosis transmission in the two Counties.

scholarly journals Knowledge of medical students about perioperative nutritional care in Bahia, Brazil: a transversal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel ◽  
Leonardo Castro Dantas Macêdo ◽  
Sérgio Diniz Gonçalves Queiroz Filho ◽  
Pedro Carlos Muniz de Figueiredo ◽  
Magno Conceição das Merces
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Care ◽  
Exact Test

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students’ knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.

scholarly journals Primary care use and cardiovascular disease risk in Russian 40–69 year olds: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213549
Author(s):  
Jakob Petersen ◽  
Anna Kontsevaya ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
Erica Richardson ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
General Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundThe Russian Federation has very high cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates compared with countries of similar economic development. This cross-sectional study compares the characteristics of CVD-free participants with and without recent primary care contact to ascertain their CVD risk and health status.MethodsA total of 2774 participants aged 40–69 years with no self-reported CVD history were selected from a population-based study conducted in Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2015–2018. A range of co-variates related to socio-demographics, health and health behaviours were included. Recent primary care contact was defined as seeing primary care doctor in the past year or having attended a general health check under the 2013 Dispansarisation programme.ResultsThe proportion with no recent primary care contact was 32.3% (95% CI 29.7% to 35.0%) in males, 16.3% (95% CI 14.6% to 18.2%) in females, and 23.1% (95% CI 21.6% to 24.7%) overall. In gender-specific age-adjusted analyses, no recent contact was also associated with low education, smoking, very good to excellent self-rated health, no chest pain, CVD 10-year SCORE risk 5+%, absence of hypertension control, absence of hypertension awareness and absence of care-intensive conditions. Among those with no contact: 37% current smokers, 34% with 5+% 10-year CVD risk, 32% untreated hypertension, 20% non-anginal chest pain, 18% problem drinkers, 14% uncontrolled hypertension and 9% Grade 1–2 angina. The proportion without general health check attendance was 54.6%.ConclusionPrimary care and community interventions would be required to proactively reach sections of 40–69 year olds currently not in contact with primary care services to reduce their CVD risk through diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle recommendations and active follow-up.

Beliefs and knowledge of cardiovascular-related disease among uninsured primary care patients: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Akiko Kamimura ◽  
Maziar M. Nourian ◽  
Alla Chernenko ◽  
Naveen Rathi ◽  
Michael-Ann Oslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medically Uninsured ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Primary Care Patients

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular disease-related health beliefs and how they are influenced by knowledge and a sense of community among uninsured primary care patients. Method This study was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered paper survey (January to April 2016). The study population included medically uninsured US-born English speakers, non-US-born English speakers, and Spanish speakers. Results Medically uninsured adults utilizing a free clinic (N = 374) participated in the survey. Increasing knowledge about major risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease helped enhance levels of perceived severity of cardiovascular disease and benefits of healthy diet and physical activity. Spanish speakers reported higher levels of perceived severity of cardiovascular disease but lower levels of knowledge compared to US-born or non-US-born English speakers. Conclusion Spanish speakers may need different approaches to promote cardiovascular disease prevention due to their higher levels of perceived severity of cardiovascular disease but lower levels of cardiovascular disease-related knowledge compared to English speakers. Developing a healthy “community” in a clinic setting may be effective to promote cardiovascular disease-related health for underserved populations.

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