scholarly journals Decline in independence after three years and its association with dietary patterns and IADL-related factors in community-dwelling older people: an analysis by age stage and sex

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayuri Kodama ◽  
Tanji Hoshi ◽  
Sugako Kurimori
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Frequency Pattern

Abstract Background Few studies have shown age stage and sex differences in the association among dietary patterns and various health factors related to disability in older people. This study aimed to reveal the differences of characteristics, including several dietary patterns, associated with a decline in independence over 3 years in community-dwelling independent older people. Specifically, we examined data by age stage, for people between 65 and 75 years (earlier-stage) and people aged 75 years or above (later-stage), and sex. Methods We conducted a nationwide longitudinal study of 25 Japanese prefectures from 2013 to 2016; 2250 participants’ complete data (1294 men and 956 women) were analyzed. Independence was evaluated based on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores (maximum = 12). Dietary patterns were derived from a principal component analysis of the seven food groups. Baseline IADL-related factors linked to independence 3 years later were selected. Multiple logistic regression analysis for having low independence—without a full score of IADL 3 years after baseline—was conducted, adjusted for baseline IADL scores. Finally, to compare differences among age stage and sex groups, we used Multiple-Group Path Analysis. Results Participants with a full IADL score 3 years later were classified as high independence (69.6%), and those without the full score were classified as low independence (30.4%). Only the later-stage older peoples’ proportion of low independence 3 years later was significantly higher than those at baseline. A high meat frequency pattern was associated with a significantly higher risk of decline in independence 3 years later in later-stage older women. The earlier-stage older people showed that 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 was associated with a lower risk, referring to BMI < 18.5. In the later-stage, exercising three or more times a week with enjoyment and fulfillment was associated with a significantly lower risk. Conclusions The IADL disability in older people aged 75 and over showed a rapid change. The different characteristics associated with the risk of decline in independence among age stage and sex were revealed. Targeting age stage and sex separately for community-based comprehensive supportive strategies would be necessary for a long life globally.

scholarly journals The food patterns of a multicenter cohort of Brazilian nulliparous pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Miele ◽  
Renato T. Souza ◽  
Iracema M. Calderon ◽  
Francisco E. Feitosa ◽  
Débora F. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Main Components

AbstractAssessment of human nutrition is a complex process, in pregnant women identify dietary patterns through mean nutrient consumption can be an opportunity to better educate women on how to improve their overall health through better eating. This exploratory study aimed to identify a posteriori dietary patterns in a cohort of nulliparous pregnant women. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique was performed, with Varimax orthogonal rotation of data extracted from the 24-h dietary recall, applied at 20 weeks of gestation. We analysed 1.145 dietary recalls, identifying five main components that explained 81% of the dietary pattern of the sample. Dietary patterns found were: Obesogenic, represented by ultra-processed foods, processed foods, and food groups rich in carbohydrates, fats and sugars; Traditional, most influenced by natural, minimally processed foods, groups of animal proteins and beans; Intermediate was similar to the obesogenic, although there were lower loads; Vegetarian, which was the only good representation of fruits, vegetables and dairy products; and Protein, which best represented the groups of proteins (animal and vegetable). The obesogenic and intermediate patterns represented over 37% of the variation in food consumption highlighting the opportunity to improve maternal health especially for women at first mothering.

scholarly journals What influences diet quality in older people? A qualitative study among community-dwelling older adults from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 2685-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Bloom ◽  
Wendy Lawrence ◽  
Mary Barker ◽  
Janis Baird ◽  
Elaine Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hertfordshire Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractObjectiveTo explore influences on diet in a group of community-dwelling older adults in the UK.DesignData were collected through focus group discussions with older people; discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically.SettingHertfordshire, UK.SubjectsParticipants were sampled purposively from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, focusing on those whose diets had been assessed at two time points: 1998–2001 and 2011.ResultsNinety-two adults participated (47 % women; 74–83 years) and eleven focus groups were held. A number of age-related factors were identified that were linked to food choices, including lifelong food experiences, retirement, bereavement and medical conditions, as well as environmental factors (such as transport). There appeared to be variability in how individuals responded to these influences, indicating that other underlying factors may mediate the effects of age-related factors on diet. Discussions about ‘keeping going’, being motivated to ‘not give up’, not wanting to be perceived as ‘old’, as well as examples of resilience and coping strategies, suggest the importance of mediating psychological factors. In addition, discussion about social activities and isolation, community spirit and loneliness, indicated the importance of social engagement as an influence on diet.ConclusionsInterventions to promote healthier diets in older age should take account of underlying psychological and social factors that influence diet, which may mediate the effects of age-related factors.

scholarly journals Comparing two methods for deriving dietary patterns associated with risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults with impaired kidney function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Lukas Kurniawan ◽  
Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽  
Hsiu-An Lee ◽  
Hsiao-Hsien Rau ◽  
Rathi Paramastri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Sugary Drinks

Abstract Background: Dietary patterns were associated with the risk of chronic disease development and outcome-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to compare the correlation between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using two methods for identifying dietary patterns.Methods: The participants (n = 25,569) aged ≥ 40 years with impaired kidney function were retrieved from Mei Jau (MJ) Health Screening database from 2008 to 2010. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) from twenty-two food groups using PROC FACTOR and PROC PLS functions.Results: We identified two similar dietary pattern characteristics (high intakes of deep fried foods, preserved or processed foods, dipping sauce, meat, sugary drinks, organ meats, jam/honey, fried rice/flour products, instant noodles and eggs) derived by PCA and RRR. Logistic regression analysis revealed that RRR-derived dietary pattern scores were positively associated with an odds ratio (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.56, 1.86) of having MetS than PCA-derived dietary pattern scores (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.51). The correlations between RRR-derived dietary pattern scores and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.30 for both) or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol in women (OR = 1.32) were statistically significant but not significant in PCA-derived dietary pattern scores.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that RRR gives better results when studying behavior related dietary patterns in association with MetS. RRR may be more preferable to provide dietary information for developing dietary guidelines among people with MetS. Further studies with prospective measurements are needed to verify whether RRR is a useful analytic tool for the association between dietary patterns and other chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes: a community-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204201881983664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangling Xiu ◽  
Qiuju Liao ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Piu Chan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2626 community-dwelling participants with diabetes aged ⩾55 years, living in Beijing, China. The participants were screened for risk factors, including smoking, obesity, hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, depression, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and low physical activity. Cognitive function was assessed with the scholarship-adjusted Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): MMSE ⩽17 for iliterate participants; MMSE ⩽20 for primary school graduates (⩾6 years of education); and MMSE ⩽24 for junior school graduates or above (⩾9 years of education). Results: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes was 9.90%. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that stroke [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–2.43], less than 0.5 h exercise per day (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.37–2.61), and depression (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.06–2.54), but not smoking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease, were independent risks for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes. In addition, being married (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47–0.93) and urban living (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22–0.48) could decrease the risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Stroke, depression, and less than 0.5 h exercise per day were independent risks for cognitive impairment in older people with diabetes, whereas being married and urban living were protective.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors related to anemia among Japanese adult women: Secondary data analysis using health check-up database

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Hisa ◽  
Megumi Haruna ◽  
Naoko Hikita ◽  
Emi Sasagawa ◽  
Kaori Yonezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Related Factors

AbstractThe issue of anemia is important in terms of a woman’s preconception health. This study aimed to conduct an exploratory investigation of the prevalence of and factors related to anemia in non-pregnant Japanese women. Secondary data analysis was conducted using a database of women aged 20–49 years old who had attended an annual health check-up at a hospital in Tokyo (n = 10,598). A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to anemia in two age groups: women aged 34 and under and those aged 35 and over. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration levels <12.0 g/dL. The overall proportion of women with Hb <12.0 g/dL was 17.1%. Women aged 35 and over with a current medical history of uterine myoma were found to be at a higher risk of anemia. Women aged 35 and over who were overweight had a lower risk of anemia than women with normal weights. Current and past smoking habits affected hemoglobin levels among women aged 35 and over. In both age groups, those who drank alcohol habitually were at a lower risk than those who did not. Related factors of anemia should take into consideration a woman’s age and lifestyle.

scholarly journals Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Esther Molina-Montes ◽  
María José Soto-Méndez ◽  
Casandra Madrigal ◽  
Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Food Groups

Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and breast-feeding in Australian children

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Grieger ◽  
Jane Scott ◽  
Lynne Cobiac
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the dietary patterns of a national sample of 2–8-year-old Australian children and to establish whether breast-feeding is associated with dietary patterns in this age group.DesignCross-sectional study using 24 h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.SettingAustralia.SubjectsA total of 2287 children aged 2–8 years.ResultsPrincipal component factor analysis identified three distinct patterns. The ‘Non-core food groups’ pattern included food groups such as whole-fat dairy products, cheese, medium–high sugar-sweetened breakfast cereals and sweet biscuits, no fruit, reduced/low-fat dairy products and wholegrain bread/rolls. The ‘Healthy, meat and vegetable’ pattern included vegetables, red meat, fruit and wholegrain bread/rolls and was inversely associated with take-away foods and carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages. The ‘Combination’ pattern contained many food groups including candy (not chocolate based), pasta/rice products, nuts/seeds, cakes and chocolate, but no fruit or vegetables. Of the 2287 children, 2064 (89·3 %) had been breast-fed. A positive association was found between breast-feeding and the healthy, meat and vegetable pattern (r= 0·267) but not with the other two patterns. Higher scores on this pattern were also associated with younger age, lower BMI, higher birth weight, high likelihood of being in the less-disadvantaged Socio-economic Indexes for Areas category and less likelihood of the child's parents having a lower educational level.ConclusionsThese results provide suggestive evidence that breast-feeding during infancy is associated with a healthy dietary pattern in childhood and offers a likely pathway to explain the previously reported association between breast-feeding and chronic disease.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns for meals of Brazilian adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Valéria Troncoso Baltar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Meal Skipping ◽  
Care Survey ◽  
Component Estimation

AbstractThe use of dietary patterns (DP) in nutritional research is well established; however, only a few studies of DP according to specific meals have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the DP regarding breakfast, lunch and dinner meals of the population (aged 20 years and older of both sexes) that participated in the Health Care Survey of Sao Paulo. Food intake was estimated by using the Multiple Source Method – considering two 24- h dietary recalls. On the basis of the food groups for each meal, a factor analysis, with a principal component estimation, was applied (varimax rotation) in order to derive the DP. Prevalences of meal skipping were 5·6 % for breakfast, 3·6 % for lunch and 12·8 % for dinner. The findings revealed three breakfast DP: healthy, traditional and snack; five lunch DP: traditional, salad, sweetened juice, Western and meats; and four dinner DP: coffee with milk and bread, transitional, traditional, and soup and fruits. The results of this study indicate that the DP identified in accordance with the meal nicely discriminates food intake, emphasising peculiarities that are not found in global analyses and might support dietary advice.

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