scholarly journals Male gender and kidney illness are associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrén Murillo-Zamora ◽  
Xóchitl Trujillo ◽  
Miguel Huerta ◽  
Mónica Ríos-Silva ◽  
Oliver Mendoza-Cano
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Thoracic Pain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Latin American Population

Abstract Background To identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection. Method A retrospective cohort study took place, and data from 740 subjects, from all 32 states of Mexico, were analyzed. The association between the studied factors and severe (dyspnea requiring hospital admission) COVID-19 was evaluated through risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Severe illness was documented in 28% of participants. In multiple analysis, male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.20), advanced age ([reference: 15–29 years old] 30–44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94–1.11; 45–59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15–1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29–1.60), chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.64) and thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.24) were associated with an increased risk of severe disease. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating predictors of COVID-19 severity in a large subset of the Latin-American population. Male gender and kidney illness were independently associated with the risk of severe COVID-19. These results may be useful for health care protocols for the early detection and management of patients that may benefit from opportune and specialized supportive medical treatment.

scholarly journals Male gender and kidney illness associated with an increased risk of severe laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrén Murillo-Zamora ◽  
Xóchitl Trujillo ◽  
Miguel Huerta ◽  
Mónica Ríos-Silva ◽  
Oliver Mendoza-Cano
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Thoracic Pain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Latin American Population

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors predicting severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescent and adult patients with laboratory-positive (quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) infection.MethodsA retrospective cohort study took place, and data from 740 subjects, from all 32 states of Mexico, were analyzed. The association between the studied factors and severe (dyspnea requiring hospital admission) COVID-19 was evaluated through risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSevere illness was documented in 28% of participants. In multiple analysis, male gender (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.20), advanced age ([reference: 15 - 29 years old] 30 - 44, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 - 1.11; 45 - 59, RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 - 1.38; 60 years or older, RR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29 - 1.60), chronic kidney disease (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04 - 1.64) and thoracic pain (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 - 1.24) were associated with an increased risk of severe disease.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating predictors of COVID-19 severity in a large subset of the Latin-American population. It is also the first in documenting gender-related differences regarding the severity of the illness. These results may be useful for health care protocols for the early detection and management of COVID-19 patients that may benefit from opportune and specialized supportive medical treatment.

scholarly journals Repeated SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: Analysis of 123 Cases

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Szilárd Váncsa ◽  
Fanni Dembrovszky ◽  
Nelli Farkas ◽  
Lajos Szakó ◽  
Brigitta Teutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Meta Analyses

Repeated positivity and reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is a significant concern. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of repeatedly positive testing after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery. We performed a systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. With available individual patient data reporting on repeatedly SARS-CoV-2 positive (RSP) patients, case reports, and case series were included in this analysis. We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of repeatedly positive cases. We assessed the cases according to the length of their polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative interval between the two episodes. Risk factors for the severity of second episodes were evaluated. Overall, we included 123 patients with repeated positivity from 56 publications, with a mean repeated positivity length of 47.8 ± 29.9 days. Younger patients were predominant in the delayed (>90 days) recurrent positive group. Furthermore, comparing patients with RSP intervals of below 60 and above 60 days, we found that a more severe disease course can be expected if the repeated positivity interval is shorter. Severe and critical disease courses might predict future repeatedly positive severe and critical COVID-19 episodes. In conclusion, our results show that the second episode of SARS-CoV-2 positivity is more severe if it happens within 60 days after the first positive PCR. On the other hand, the second episode’s severity correlates with the first.

scholarly journals Longest reported case of symptomatic COVID-19 reporting positive for over 230 days in an immunocompromised patient in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110400
Author(s):  
Bilal Chaudhry ◽  
Lidiya Didenko ◽  
Maaria Chaudhry ◽  
Andrew Malek ◽  
Kirill Alekseyev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia was first noted in Wuhan, China. Since the start of the pandemic, there have been millions of cases diagnosed. The average time from onset of symptoms to testing negative SARS-CoV-2 via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is roughly 25 days. In patients who continually test positive for COVID-19, it is essential to determine precisely which risk factors contribute to the increase in viral shedding duration. We present a case about a 62-year-old man who has persistently tested positive for COVID-19 for more than 230 days. We followed his treatment course, in which he had been hospitalized multiple times since the onset of symptoms back in April 2020. We have determined that patients with immunosuppression, especially those taking corticosteroids, are at increased risk of prolonged viral shedding. It is essential to continually monitor these immunocompromised patients as they required a greater time period in order to have an appropriate immune response in which antibodies are created.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase in Argentina

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Laróvere ◽  
R. Dodelson de Kremer ◽  
L. H. J. Lambooy ◽  
R. A. De Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Latin American ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Tpmt Activity ◽  
Allele Frequency Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyses the S-methylation of 6-thiopurine drugs, which are commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, leukaemia and organ transplantation. TPMT activity is polymorphic as a result of gene mutations. Ethnic variations in phenotype and genotype have been identified in previous population studies, but no information was available within Latin-American populations. Aim: To establish the genetic polymorphism of TPMT in an Argentine population. Methods: TPMT enzymatic activity of 147 healthy Argentine subjects was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The genotyping assay for nine defective alleles (TPMT*2 - *8) was based on restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction methods. Results: All subjects had detectable TPMT activity. Twelve individuals with low to intermediate activity were heterozygous for one of the mutant alleles: nine were TPMT*1/*3A, two TPMT*1/*2 and one TPMT*1/*4. All examined subjects with normal activity had wild-type genotype (TPMT*1/*1). Conclusion: Variant TPMT alleles were present in 8·2% of the examined subjects, which is in accordance with other studies. The frequency of TPMT*3A, TPMT*2 and TPMT*4 was 3·1%, 0·7% and 0·3%, respectively. TPMT*3A was the most prevalent allele, which is in accordance with results from Caucasian populations. This study provides the first analysis of TPMT activity and allele frequency distribution in Argentina, South America.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms in Acromegaly Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffer Ilhan ◽  
Bahar Toptas-Hekimoglu ◽  
Ilhan Yaylim ◽  
Seda Turgut ◽  
Saime Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Vdr Polymorphism ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Vdr Polymorphisms

Objective. The genetic structural alterations in the majority of somatotroph adenomas are not clarified and the search for novel candidate genes is still a challenge. We aimed to investigate possible associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and acromegaly.Design, Patients, and Methods. 52 acromegaly patients (mean age45.7±1.9years) and 83 controls (mean age43.1±2.6years) were recruited to the study. VDR polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.Results. The distribution of VDR genotypes showed a significant difference in the frequencies of VDR FokI genotypes between patients and controls (P=0.034). VDR FokI ff genotype was significantly decreased in acromegaly patients (P=0.035) and carriers of FokI Ff genotype had a 1.5-fold increased risk for acromegaly (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.07–2.1;P=0.020). IGF1 levels after treatment were significantly higher in patients carrying the Ff genotype compared to carrying ff genotype (P=0.0049). 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in acromegaly patients (P<0.001).Conclusions. Our study suggests that VDR FokI genotypes might affect the development of acromegaly and VDR polymorphisms may play a role in the course of acromegaly as a consequence of altering hormonal status.

scholarly journals Interleukin-16Polymorphism Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-li Liu ◽  
Jian-zong Du ◽  
Yu-miao Zhou ◽  
Qin-fen Shu ◽  
Ya-guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Genotype And Allele Frequencies

Clinical and experimental data have demonstrated that inflammation plays fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is identified as a proinflammatory cytokine that is a key element in the ischemic cascade after cerebral ischemia. We aimed to examine the relationship between theIL-16polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. A total of 198 patients with ischemic stroke and 236 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing method. We found that the rs11556218TG genotype and G allele ofIL-16were associated with significantly increased risks of ischemic stroke (TG versus TT, adjusted OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.15–3.07; G versus T, adjusted OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05–2.27, resp.). However, there were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies ofIL-16rs4778889 T/C and rs4072111 C/T polymorphisms between the two groups, even after stratification analyses by age, gender, and the presence or absence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. These findings indicate that theIL-16polymorphism may be related to the etiology of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population.

scholarly journals Association betweenTLR4andTLR9Gene Polymorphisms with Development of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danial Jahantigh ◽  
Saeedeh Salimi ◽  
Roya Alavi-Naini ◽  
Abolfazl Emamdadi ◽  
Hamid Owaysee Osquee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Some evidence suggests that a variety of genetic factors contribute to development of the tuberculosis (TB).TLR4andTLR9have been proposed as susceptibility genes for TB. This study was performed in 124 newly diagnosed TB cases and 149 healthy controls in a TB-endemic region of Iran. TheTLR4genes Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile, andTLR9gene T-1486C polymorphisms were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The frequencies of the mutant alleles ofTLR4Arg299Gly, Thr399Ile, andTLR9T-1486C polymorphisms were 0.8versus0.1, 5.6versus3, and 28.6versus25.2 in patients and controls, respectively, that were not significant. The synergic effect of TI,II/CC genotypes forTLR4Thr399Ile andTLR9T-1486C polymorphisms showed increased risk of PTB susceptibility. In conclusion, no significant relation was found betweenTLR4andTLR9polymorphisms alone and PTB. However, synergic effects ofTLR4Thr399Ile andTLR9-1486T/C polymorphisms might increase risk of PTB.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Severity of Leptospirosis Cases Reported in the Hawke’s Bay Region of New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Paul Sellors ◽  
Rebecca F. Watson ◽  
Rachel Bate ◽  
Gemma L. Bentham ◽  
Kathryn Haigh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Aims. To record demographics, symptoms, signs, and laboratory features of confirmed leptospirosis cases in the Hawke’s Bay area of New Zealand to aid clinicians in diagnosis and recognition of severity. Methods. Review of suspected leptospirosis cases referred to the reference laboratory from hospitals in the Hawke’s Bay region between March 2003 and March 2012. Inclusion criteria were IgM positivity and diagnosis confirmed with either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A retrospective systematic review of case notes was completed for demographic and laboratory data. Results. Forty-three cases were included. Most common presenting symptoms were pyrexia (93%), myalgia, and headache (both 86%). 93% of patients worked in the farming or meat industries. The most common biochemical abnormalities were elevated CRP (100%) and abnormal urinalysis (93%). There was no difference in disease severity between icteric and anicteric patients. Compared to other studies, patients in New Zealand have less severe disease. Conclusion. Contrary to popular understanding, this study has not found icteric leptospirosis to be related to more severe disease. Anicteric leptospirosis should be a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with pyrexia, myalgia, and headache who have elevated CRP and abnormal urinalysis.

scholarly journals Anchoring on COVID-19: A Case Report of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis Masquerading as COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Mark Stice ◽  
Charles Bruen ◽  
Kristi Grall
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Introduction: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and transmitted through the deer tick. Most cases are mild and can be managed as an outpatient, but rare cases can produce severe symptoms. Case Report: A 43-year-old male presented with severe respiratory distress mimicking coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Labs and imaging were consistent with COVID-19; however, polymerase chain reaction was negative twice. Peripheral smear revealed inclusion bodies consistent with HGA. Conclusion: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an uncommon diagnosis and rarely causes severe disease. Recognition of unique presentations can aid in quicker diagnosis, especially when mimicking presentations frequently seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals ALLELIC POLYMORPHISMS OF DNA REPAIR GENES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF RESISTANCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY UNDER THE ACTION OF INDUSTRIAL AEROSOLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-789
Author(s):  
Tetyana A. Andrushchenko ◽  
Sergiy V. Goncharov ◽  
Victor E. Dosenko ◽  
Konstantin E. Ishhejkin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Dna Repair Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Asbestos Cement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Repair Genes

Introduction: The frequency of alleles and genotypes of DNA repair genes in people working due to the influence of industrial aerosols (miners and workers of asbestos-cement plants (n = 215)) was studied. The aim of the work was to identify allelic polymorphisms affecting the formation of resistance or leading to an increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary pathology. Materials and methods: In 90 patients with bronchopulmonary pathology and 125 persons working under the same conditions but without respiratory system diseases, the polymerase chain reaction in real time was determined by the polymorphisms of DNA repair genes: XPD (rs13181, rs799793), ERCC1 (rs11615), XRCC1 ( rs25487) and XRCC3 (rs861539), ATM (rs664677), XRCC7 (rs7003908) and MLH1 (rs1799977). Results: In the course of this study the alleles and genotypes contributing to resistance to the development of respiratory system pathologies were determined: XRCC1•G/A (rs25487) (OR=0.57; 95% CI: 0.32-1.02; P≤0.040; χ²=4.14); MLH1•A (rs1799977) (OR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.40-0.96; P≤0.020; χ²=5.06); MLH1•A/A (rs1799977) (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.24-0.79; P≤0.003; χ²=8.73). Also, we established the alleles and genotypes associated with the risk of developing bronchopulmonary pathology: XPD•C/C (rs13181) (OR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.02-4.77; P≤0.020; χ²=4.85); XRCC1•A/A (rs25487) (OR=3.37; 95 % CI: 1.22-9.63; P≤0.008; χ²=6.94); ATM•T/T (rs664677) (OR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.16-5.31; Р≤0.010; χ²=6.61); MLH1•G (rs1799977) (OR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.04-2.49; P≤0.020; χ²=5.06); MLH1•A/G (rs1799977) (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.29-4.21; P≤0.002; χ²=9.01). Conclusions: The results indicate the influence of allelic polymorphisms of DNA repair genes on the formation of resistance to the development of bronchopulmonary pathology under the action of industrial aerosols and open up prospects for the development of modern preventive measures.

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