scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Dengue and Chikungunya antibodies among blood donors in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haliya S. Shauri ◽  
Esther Ngadaya ◽  
Mbazi Senkoro ◽  
Joram J. Buza ◽  
Sayoki Mfinanga
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Stored Blood ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background The potential shift of major causes of febrile illnesses from malaria to non-malarial febrile illnesses, including arboviral diseases such as chikungunya and dengue, is of concern. The last outbreaks of these infections were reported in 2018 and 2019 for chikungunya in Zanzibar and dengue in Dar es Salaam. We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved serological testing of stored blood samples from the blood banks in Temeke Referral Hospital in Dar es Salaam and the National Blood Bank Unit in Zanzibar. The samples were collected from Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam donors in May and June 2020, respectively. A total of 281 samples were included in the study, and their demographic information extracted from the registers. The samples were then transported to Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences at the Microbiology Laboratory. They were subjected to an indirect ELISA to detect IgG and IgM against dengue and chikungunya viruses. Results Seropositive IgM samples from Dar es Salaam were 3/101 (2.97%) for chikungunya and 1/101 (0.9%) for dengue, while samples from Zanzibar were all IgM negative for both viruses. Chikungunya IgG seropositivity was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in Dar es Salaam 21/101 (21.2%) than Zanzibar 22/180 (12.2%). There was no difference in dengue IgG seropositivity between Dar es Salaam 44/101 (43.5%) and Zanzibar 68/180 (37.8%). Similarly, dual IgG seropositivity for both dengue and chikungunya viruses were not different between Dar es Salaam 13/101 (12.9%) and Zanzibar 11/180 (6.1%). Conclusion Detection of IgM for dengue and chikungunya in Dar es Salaam indicates recent or ongoing transmission of the two viruses in the absence of a reported outbreak. These findings suggest the possibility of transmission of the two infections through blood transfusion. Detection of IgG antibodies for dengue and chikungunya viruses might be contributed by both; the ongoing infections and residual responses caused by preceding infections in the country. Results from blood banks may represent the tip of the iceberg. Further studies are needed to gain insight into the actual burden of the two diseases in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Caregiver strain and quality of life 6 - 36 Months post stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilton ◽  
W. Mudzi ◽  
V. Ntsiea ◽  
S. Olorunju
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caregiver Strain ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Stroke

Background: Caregivers of patients with stroke are central in providing for the patient’s needs post stroke. The well-being and quality of life of the caregiver is important in the rehabilitation of the patient with stroke. This study sought to establish the: functional level of patients, level of strain and quality of life of the caregiver, and the factors that influence caregivers’ quality of life six to 36 months post stroke. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 35 patients six to 36 months post stroke and their primary caregiver utilising a sample of convenience from local clinics/hospitals in Johannesburg. Demographic information was obtained from the patient and the caregiver using a questionnaire. The Barthel Index (BI), Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) and the EQ-5D were also administered. Results: On the BI, 60% of the patients were moderately dependent to independent while 77% of the caregivers were strained. Older caregivers were 81% more likely to experience a decrease in quality of life than younger caregivers. Conclusion: A large proportion of patients are discharged from hospital without receving rehabilitation and are still dependent on caregivers six to 36 months post stroke. Caregivers of patients with stroke need more support from health professionals to mitigate against the high strain and low quality of life that they experience when caring for patients six to 36 months post stroke.

scholarly journals The Structure of Walking Activity in People After Stroke Compared With Older Adults Without Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Roos ◽  
Katherine S. Rudolph ◽  
Darcy S. Reisman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Lca Group ◽  
Insight Into

Background People with stroke have reduced walking activity. It is not known whether this deficit is due to a reduction in all aspects of walking activity or only in specific areas. Understanding specific walking activity deficits is necessary for the development of interventions that maximize improvements in activity after stroke. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine walking activity in people poststroke compared with older adults without disability. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods Fifty-four participants poststroke and 18 older adults without disability wore a step activity monitor for 3 days. The descriptors of walking activity calculated included steps per day (SPD), bouts per day (BPD), steps per bout (SPB), total time walking per day (TTW), percentage of time walking per day (PTW), and frequency of short, medium, and long walking bouts. Results Individuals classified as household and limited community ambulators (n=29) did not differ on any measure and were grouped (HHA-LCA group) for comparison with unlimited community ambulators (UCA group) (n=22) and with older adults without disability (n=14). The SPD, TTW, PTW, and BPD measurements were greatest in older adults and lowest in the HHA-LCA group. Seventy-two percent to 74% of all walking bouts were short, and this finding did not differ across groups. Walking in all categories (short, medium, and long) was lowest in the HHA-LCA group, greater in the UCA group, and greatest in older adults without disability. Limitations Three days of walking activity were captured. Conclusions The specific descriptors of walking activity presented provide insight into walking deficits after stroke that cannot be ascertained by looking at steps per day alone. The deficits that were revealed could be addressed through appropriate exercise prescription, underscoring the need to analyze the structure of walking activity.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of patients knowledge and attitude towards the drug-drug interactions in Coimbatore district India

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Arumugam Madeswaran ◽  
Abhijath M ◽  
Achsah R. B. ◽  
Alka T
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Coimbatore District ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The current objective of this study was to assess the patients knowledge and attitudes toward the drug-drug interactions, a survey instrument included questions about the patients demographic information, familiarity with drug-drug interactions, usage of other system of medicines and the patients comfort level when discussing drug-drug interactions.76% believed that drugs wont produce any interactions with other drugs. 58% of participants indicated that they were taken both allopathic and other system of medicines without the notification of physician. 64% of the respondents were stated that they were not able to communicate with the physician properly. The result of the current study reveals that the patients not having enough knowledge about drug-drug interactions and further indicates that the communication issue is a major factor for the drug-drug interactions. Hence the remedy suggested for reducing the drug-drug interactions are to enhance the time of counseling, and providing seminars, awareness, and programs regarding the need of effective communication and drug-drug interactions information to the overall population.

scholarly journals Demographic Analysis of Emergency Department Patients at the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Lammers ◽  
Willem Folmer ◽  
Esther M. M. Van Lieshout ◽  
Terry Mulligan ◽  
Jan C. Christiaanse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Surgeon ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Insight Into

Emergency medicine is an upcoming discipline that is still under development in many countries. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the organization and patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide an epidemiological description of complaints and referrals of the patients visiting the ED of the Ruijin Hospital in Shanghai, China. A questionnaire was developed and completed for a convenience sample of all patients presenting to the Triage Desk of the ED. The study was performed in June 2008. A total of 2183 questionnaires were completed. The most common complaints were fever (15%), stomach/abdominal pain (15%), vertigo/dizziness (11%), and cough (10%). Following triage, patients were predominantly referred to an internist (41%), neurologist (14%), pulmonologist (11%), or general surgeon (9%). This study provides a better understanding of the reason for the ED visit and the triage system at the ED of the Ruijin Hospital. The results can be used in order to improve facilities appropriate for the specific population in the ED.

Relation between IgG antibodies to foods and IgE antibodies to milk, egg, cat, dog and/or mite in a cross-sectional study

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
EYSINK ◽  
DE JONG ◽  
BINDELS ◽  
SCHARP-VAN DER LINDEN ◽  
DE GROOT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ige Antibodies

Self-stigma, insight, and family burden among Israeli mothers of people with serious mental illness: Ethno-national considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaara Zisman-Ilani ◽  
Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon ◽  
Itamar Levy-Frank ◽  
Rivka Tuval-Mashiach ◽  
David Roe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The current cross-sectional study investigated and compared the associations between insight, self-stigma, and family burden among Jewish and Arab mothers of an adult son or daughter with serious mental illness (SMI) in Israel. A total of 162 Israeli mothers of a person with SMI participated in the study; 95 were Jewish (58.6%), and 67 were Arab (41.4%). Insight, self-stigma, and family burden scales were administered. Jewish mothers reported higher levels of insight into their son’s or daughter’s illness and reported greater family burden compared to Arab mothers. No significant differences in self-stigma scores were found between Jewish and Arab mothers. The pattern of associations between insight, self-stigma, and burden differed between Jewish and Arab mothers. Self-stigma was found to mediate the relationship between insight and burden among Jewish mothers but not among Arab mothers. Ethno-national affiliation should be taken into consideration regarding how family members conceptualize and experience mental illness, as this might affect care.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Occurrence of Aedes Species in Borderline of Iran and Azerbaijan for Control of Arboviral Diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eslam Moradi-Asl ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Davod Adham ◽  
Daryosh Emdadi ◽  
Hassan Moosa-Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Western

Background: To investigate the diversity of the genus Aedes present in the natural areas of Ardabil Province, north-west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from Apr to Oct 2016 in North-western of Iran. Thirty-three areas of 10 cities which are border areas were selected randomly. The larvae were collected 2 times in each month during the seasonal activities of mosquitoes and the larvae were identified morphologically according to the ap­propriate identification keys.  Results: Overall, 694 larvae were collected from four counties, from which only 7.2% were Aedes larvae. Three species of Aedes were identified which include Ae. caspius, Ae. vexans and Ae. flavescens. Aedes flavescens is reported from Ardabil Province for the first time. Conclusion: Aedes species were a high density in borderline of Iran and Azerbaijan. Therefore, the north parts of Ardabil Province are a suitable habitat for Aedes species mosquitoes. Care should be taken for vector control in the case of occurrence of any arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Dengue in the campus community of an overseas American university: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Hamish Mohammed ◽  
Mary H Hayden ◽  
Elise Lee ◽  
Luis M Santiago ◽  
Rosina C Krecek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Campus Community ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American University

Introduction: After a large outbreak of dengue virus (DENV) serotype-3 in Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN) in 2008, we performed a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-DENV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in expatriate and local persons affiliated with an American veterinary school there. Methodology: This campus community comprised mostly expatriate students and faculty and Kittitian administrative staff. In 2009, a stratified random sample of students, faculty and staff was invited to complete an electronic survey to assess risk factors for DENV and provide blood for testing for anti-DENV IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG-positive specimens were also tested by a 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) to determine immunoreactivity to DENV (1-4) serotypes and West Nile virus. Risk factors for anti-DENV IgG seropositivity were determined using simple and adjusted logistic regression. Results: Of the 118 participants, the overall prevalence of DENV IgG antibodies was 44.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.1-53.0%), ranging from 30.1% in students, 100.0% in staff and 57.9% in faculty (p < 0.001). Duration of residence in St. Kitts was the only variable significantly associated with seropositivity on multiple logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.07-1.37]). The serotype of DENV was determined in 11 persons: DENV-1 (n = 4), DENV-2 (n = 3), and DENV-3 (n = 4). Conclusions: Expatriate students and faculty moving to St. Kitts from non-endemic areas were at high risk of DENV infection. There is a need for increased emphasis on pre-travel mosquito-borne virus prevention education for persons moving to St. Kitts to study and work.

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