scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV infection and high-risk behaviors in truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisan Karimi ◽  
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh ◽  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Obeidollah Faraji ◽  
Khaled Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Truck, bus, transit drivers, and men with mobile jobs are at high risk for HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV and risky behaviors among truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 601 bus and truck drivers in Kurdistan province during 2018–2019. Data on high-risk behaviors were collected using a standard questionnaire. ELISA test was used to detect HIV in the study participants. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U tests, and logistic regression modeling in Stata-14 software. Results The mean and standard deviation of the age of study participants was 44.04 ± 11.44 years. HIV rapid test was positive in two subjects; in other words, the prevalence of HIV in the study population was 0.33%. Ninety-two (15.3%) individuals reported a history of drug use, with one (1.1%) having a history of injecting drugs. One hundred and thirty-one (21.8%) of them had a history of high-risk sexual behavior outside of marriage. Conclusion According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in bus and truck drivers is high. It seems necessary to direct the drivers’ attention to self-care while considering disciplinary intervention programs to prevent the use of drugs, cigarettes, alcohol along with high-risk sexual behaviors to maintain the health of drivers and passengers.

scholarly journals Use of multiple recreational drugs is associated with new HIV infections among men who have sex with men in China: a multicenter cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Mao ◽  
Sequoia I. Leuba ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Abstract Background There is limited information about the types of recreational drugs used by men who have sex with men (MSM) in China or the consequent impact on sexual health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods We recruited MSM from seven cities in China between 2012 and 2013 using multiple approaches including advertisements on gay websites, collaborating with local MSM community-based organizations, peer referrals, and venues such as gay bars and bathrooms visited by MSM. We divided participants into four subgroups based on the number of recreational drugs (RDs) used in the previous 6 months. We defined use of multiple RDs as use of ≥2 types of RDs. Demographics and HIV-related high-risk behaviors were collected, and blood samples were tested for recent HIV infection by the HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D immunoglobulin G capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographics to determine the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the subgroups of RD use for recent or established HIV infection. Results A total of 4496 Chinese MSM participated; 28.4% used RDs, and 5% used multiple types of RDs. The prevalence of each RD use was as follows: poppers (25.9%), ecstasy (2.4%), ketamine (1.2%), amphetamine (0.6%), tramadol (0.4%), methamphetamine (3.8%), and codeine (1.9%). Users of multiple RDs commonly used poppers combined with one or more other types of RDs. Multiple RD users were likely to be aged 26–30 years (vs. 18–25 and > 30 years), live in non-local cities (vs. local cities), never married (vs. married), have a high monthly income (vs. no income and 1–599 USD), use versatile positions during anal intercourse (vs. top or bottom), and have inadequate HIV-related prevention knowledge (vs. adequate). As the number of RDs used in the previous 6 months increased, the prevalence of HIV-related high-risk behaviors increased (P < 0.05 for all). The odds of recent HIV infection were higher among those who used one type (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–3.0) or two types of RD (aOR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2) in the previous 6 months compared to the odds among those who did not use RDs. Conclusion The level and pattern of multiple RD use among Chinese MSM were different from high-income countries. MSM who used more RDs are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, and these behaviors may be associated with increases in new HIV infections.

scholarly journals Health-risk behaviors among Iranian university students, 2019: a web-based survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Shekari ◽  
Peyman Habibi ◽  
Haidar Nadrian ◽  
Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Risk Class

Abstract Background High-risk behaviors are among the most serious threats for the physical and mental health of adolescents and young adults. Our aims in this study were to investigate the subgroups of students based on risky behaviors and to identify the prevalence rate of these subgroups. Methods This cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2019 in Tabriz, Iran. We performed proportional sampling in all nine universities of the city, according to the number of students in each university. Applying an online survey questionnaire, the data were collected from 3649 students and analyzed using Latent Class Analysis. Results For total sample, standardized prevalence rates of cigarette smoking, hookah use, alcohol consumption, substance abuse and unsafe sex were 18.5 (Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 17.3–19.8), 9.1 (CI 95%: 8.2–10.1), 9.2 (CI 95%: 8.3–10.2), 8.3 (CI 95%: 7.4–9.3) and 14.5 (CI 95%: 13.3–15.7), respectively. Three latent classes of risky behaviors were determined among students: a) low risk b) smoking and c) high risk. About 18% of boys and 1.5% of girls were in the high risk class. Cigarette smoking (18.5%, CI 95%: 17.3–19.8) and substance abuse (8.3%, CI 95%: 7.4–9.3) were the most and the least common risky behaviors among the students. Conclusion In this we-based survey, a considerable number of students, particularly boys (18%), was at high-risk class, stressing the need for preventive interventions for this group of youth. Our findings are beneficial for planning and development of risky-behavior preventive strategies to prevent high-risk behaviors among college students.

Spiritual health: is it a determinant factor for preventing risky behaviors among university students?

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Ghonchepour ◽  
Mostafa Sohrabi ◽  
Zakiyeh Golestani ◽  
Fereshteh Biabanaki ◽  
Mahlagha Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors

Abstract Background The most common high-risk behaviors that have profound and adverse effects on the health of the community take place in the university environment. Nowadays, the necessity of exploring ways to correct and reduce the high-risk behaviors requires identification of its determinant factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between spiritual health and high-risk behaviors among university students in the southeast of Iran in 2017–2018. Method This survey was a cross-sectional study. The population was all students studying at three central Universities in Kerman. Eight hundred and four students participated in the survey using a quota sampling method. The research instrument was a demographic questionnaire and the 20-item spiritual well-being Palutzian and Ellison scale and the Iranian Adolescent Riskiness Scale (IARS), which includes 39 items for high-risk behaviors. Results The mean total score of high-risk behaviors was 79.16 ± 24.6 which was lower than the median (117). The spiritual health of the majority of subjects (66.7%) was moderate with an average of 90.65 ± 16.64. There was a significant negative correlation between the students’ spiritual health and their high-risk behaviors. Conclusion It is necessary and essential to plan and implement spiritual-based interventions to reduce the incidence of high-risk behaviors.

scholarly journals High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Transgender Individuals in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan ◽  
Alaleh Bahramian ◽  
Mojgan Taban ◽  
Mojgan Taban ◽  
Kaveh Alavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
Male To Female

Global evidence indicates that transgender people are disproportionately at risk for HIV infection. However, limited data are available characterizing sexual behaviors and HIV infection among transgender people in Iran. This study aims to determine the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors and HIV infection among transgender people in Iran. In 2009, we assessed data of 58 transgender individuals (41 female-to-male (FTM) and 17 male-to-female (MTF)). Their demographic characteristics and risky sexual behaviors, and other risky behaviors such as substance use were gathered using a structured questionnaire. Rapid tests were used to confirm HIV seropositivity. Fifty-four participants who provided blood samples, none were positive (exact 95% confidence intervals: 0.0, 0.07). 75.6% of FTM and 64.7% of MTF reported having sex in the past six months, respectively. Of the sample who reported having sex in the past six months (n=42), only 19% reported using condoms. No participants reported a history of injection. In this study of HIV infection among a small sample of transgender people in Iran, no one was HIV positive. Some reasons for these findings can be outlined as a lack of history of intravenous drug use and related behaviors, limited high-risk relationships and behaviors, and the limited number of males among the samples.

Influencing factors on high-risk sexual behaviors in young people: an ecological perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Arabi-Mianrood ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽  
Elham Khoori ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽  
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In recent years, high-risk sexual behaviors due to their negative consequences both for the individual and society have received more attention than other high-risk behaviors. Objective The aim of this study was to review the influencing factors of high-risk sexual behaviors among young people from an ecological point of view. Methods This review was conducted through searching databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library with keywords such as sexual risk-taking behavior, high-risk sex, unprotected sex and unsafe sex. The relevant papers published between 1995 and 2016 were extracted. After reviewing the abstract and full text of the articles, 45 papers were used to write this article. Results From an ecological theory approach, factors which influence high-risk sexual behaviors are divided into three categories – the microsystem, the mesosystem and the macrosystem. The microsystem includes factors such as age, gender, race, marital status, place of residence, religion, level of education, personality traits, psychological problems, childhood experiences, body image and coincidence of high-risk behaviors; the mesosystem includes factors such as family structure, peers and sex education; in the macrosystem, the impact of culture and traditions of the society, economic status and the media are presented. Conclusion Given that high-risk sexual behaviors often have multiple causes, it seems that health policymakers must consider multi-dimensional interventions to influence high-risk sexual behaviors based on the ecological approach.

Sex Differences in Adolescent High-Risk Sexual and Drug Behaviors

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1312-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriett Light
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Schools ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior

The Youth Risk Behavior Survey, administered to 545 girls and 551 boys in 18 high schools in a midwestern state during spring of 1997, indicated few statistically significant differences between boys and girls in high-risk sexual behaviors and drug use; however, significantly more girls reported engaging in several high-risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Population Size Estimation of High-Risk Behavior in Isfahan, Iran: Using the Network Scale-up Method in 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Abshenas Jami ◽  
Mohamadreza Baneshi ◽  
Maryam Nasirian
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objective: Due to the impact of risky behaviors in the community and the need for getting information and planning in this regard, the number of people with high-risk sexual behaviors in Isfahan will be indirectly estimated by the network scale-up method. Method:In a cross-sectional study conducted in June2018in14districts of Isfahan, a sample of1000 people was recruited by a non-random multistage method and interviewed using a standard questionnaire to identify people with high-risk sexual behavior. Data are analyzed based on a network scale-up method in the STATA application. Results:According to a report by men, the prevalence of male Extra marital sexual relations (N=2437) and relation with paying prostituted women (N=1211), with non-paying prostituted women (N=298), Homosexuality (N=696) and history of traveling for sexual relations (N =880/100,000); And according to a report by women, the prevalence of female Extra marital sexual relations (N=1386) and Sex Worker women (Monetary) (N=946), Sex Worker women (Non-Monetary) (N=258), and history of travelling for sexual relations (N=13/100,000). In both sexes, the age group of18 to 30years was more at risk for sexual behaviors than other groups.  Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of sexual high-risk behaviors in Isfahan is remarkable as the increased prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, but unfortunately, the required training is low in this regard, more attention should be paying to train people to prevent the prevalence of these high-risk sexual behaviors in society.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of High-risk Behaviors in Reformation and Social Assistance Centers

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.7) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nahid Khademi ◽  
Malihe Khoramdad ◽  
Ebrahim Shakiba ◽  
Nasrin Barkhordar ◽  
Hassan Rostamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Rapid Hiv Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexual Contacts

There is an increasing rate of high-risk behaviors in women, particularly those in prisons and high-risk places. This study was aimed to determine the high-risk behaviors among women residing in reformation and social assistance centers of Kermanshah province, Iran.In this cross sectional study, 480 women living in reformation and social assistance centers, central prisons, social welfare centers, suburban areas, high-risk neighborhoods and hangouts; were randomly selected. The primary data were collected via demographic and high-risk behavior questionnaire. To detect HIV infection, a rapid test was used as well as ELISA test in suspected cases. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi Square and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests. The most prevalent high-risk behaviors in the subjects were addictive drug abuse (73.5%), arrest by judicial centers (59.2%), illegitimate sexual contacts (52.3%), and suicide (52.3%), respectively. The rapid HIV test revealed a positive correlation co-efficiency between HIV-positive individuals with crystal meth abuse (r=0.119, P=0.035).Associations were also observed between smoking and narcotic drug abusing (p<0.001) and with drinking alcohol (r=0.265, p<0.001). A history of suicide with a history of imprisonment also showed a positive correlation. A high prevalence of drug abusing, illegitimate sexual contacts, as well as transmission of HIV infection due to high-risk sexual contacts and injection drug addiction among the women were among the most significant findings of the survey. These observations highlight the importance of the of authority’s attention to design better policies and to implement them in order to reduce or prevent the resulting social harms.  

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