Mid-life serum Vitamin D concentrations were associated with incident dementia but not late-life neuropsychological performance in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Abstract Background Activated Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties and adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations may be important for neurocognitive function and protection against neurologic injury. We examined whether mid-life 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with later-life performance on neuropsychological testing, functional ability, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia. Methods We studied 13,039 white and black ARIC participants who had serum 25(OH) D measured mid-life at visit 2 (1990–1992). Over the next ~ 20 years through visit 5 (2011–2013), participants underwent 3 additional in-person visits, annual telephone calls, and hospitalization surveillance. An extensive battery of neuropsychological outcomes were assessed at visit 5 using standardized protocols. Incident dementia was ascertained through a formal algorithm that included data from in-person cognitive testing, telephone interviews, hospital discharge codes, and death certificate codes. Diagnoses of dementia were adjudicated by expert clinician committee. For the primary cognitive analyses, we imputed for missing covariates and outcomes and used linear regression to evaluate non-concurrent cross-sectional associations of mid-life 25(OH) D (visit 2) with late-life neuropsychological outcomes (visit 5). We also used Cox regression models to examine associations of mid-life 25(OH) D and incident dementia. Results In mid-life, the mean (SD) age of participants was 57 (6) years, 57% were women, and 24% black. Mean (SD) 25(OH) D was 24.3 (8.6) ng/mL; 33% had deficient (< 20 ng/mL), 44% intermediate (20- < 30 ng/mL), and 23% sufficient (≥30 ng/mL) 25(OH) D concentrations. Association between mid-life 25(OH) D and late-life performance on neuropsychological testing were mostly null. There was no significant association with functional ability or depressive symptoms. Results were similar in a sensitivity analysis using complete-case data (no imputation). However, after a median follow-up of 20 years, low 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with increased risk for incident dementia (p = 0.01 for trend across categories), with HR of 1.26 (95% CI 1.06, 1.49) for participants with deficient 25(OH) D, compared to sufficient concentrations. Conclusion In this community cohort, mid-life serum 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with incident dementia but not with performance on neuropsychological testing, functional ability, or depressive symptoms, 20 years later. Whether serum 25(OH) D concentrations are causally related to dementia or confounded by poorer health status remains uncertain. Trial registration Registered on clinicaltrials.gov NCT00005131.

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Apathy is associated with incident dementia in community-dwelling older people

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000004767 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. e82-e89 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jan Willem van Dalen ◽

Lennard L. Van Wanrooij ◽

Eric P. Moll van Charante ◽

Edo Richard ◽

Willem A. van Gool

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Older People ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Memory Complaints ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Community Dwelling Older People

ObjectiveTo assess whether apathy and depressive symptoms are independently associated with incident dementia during 6-year follow-up in a prospective observational population-based cohort study.MethodsParticipants were community-dwelling older people in the Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care trial, aged 70–78 years, without dementia at baseline. Apathy and depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Dementia during follow-up was established by clinical diagnosis confirmed by an independent outcome adjudication committee. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression analyses. Given its potentially strong relation with incipient dementia, the GDS item referring to memory complaints was assessed separately.ResultsDementia occurred in 232/3,427 (6.8%) participants. Apathy symptoms were associated with dementia (HR 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.45; p < 0.001), also after adjustment for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, disability, and history of stroke or cardiovascular disease (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.06–1.40; p = 0.007), and in participants without depressive symptoms (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49; p = 0.01). Depressive symptoms were associated with dementia (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.19), also without apathy symptoms (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03–1.31; p = 0.015), but not after full adjustment or after removing the GDS item on memory complaints.ConclusionsApathy and depressive symptoms are independently associated with incident dementia in community-dwelling older people. Subjective memory complaints may play an important role in the association between depressive symptoms and dementia. Our findings suggest apathy symptoms may be prodromal to dementia and might be used in general practice to identify individuals without cognitive impairment at increased risk of dementia.

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Vitamin D Levels and Depressive Symptoms’ Severity Among University Employees in Lebanon

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n6p21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Doris Jaalouk ◽

Jocelyne Boumosleh ◽

Mira Fatayri

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family History ◽

Short Form ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Private University ◽

Sample Mean ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels

BACKGROUND: Despite the evidence that the association between serum vitamin D level and susceptibility to depression is altered by ethnicity and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and parallel substantial burden of depression among Middle Eastern/ Arab adult populations, research exploring whether low serum vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of depression among Arab adult populations is almost non-existent.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and severity of depressive symptoms among a sample of healthy Lebanese adults, controlling for multiple confounders.METHODS: A total of 351 employees at a private university in Lebanon were surveyed. Information about sociodemographic, lifestyle habits, medical/ family history; and depressive symptoms were collected using a background questionnaire, international physical activity questionnaire –short form, and Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected using standard methods. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured by means of ELISA. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Sample mean age was 42.36 years. In the fully adjusted model, higher depression scores were found to be border-line significantly (p= 0.058) associated with lower serum 25-(OH)D levels and significantly associated with younger age, female sex, lower income, chronic illness diagnosis, family history of mental illness, number of stressful life events, and intake of antidepressants.CONCLUSION: We did not find any significant independent association between serum 25(OH)D levels and severity of depressive symptoms in a sample of Lebanese employees of a private university.

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Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: a case control study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 827 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gurmeet Singh ◽

Reena Sood ◽

Gursharan Singh Narang ◽

Harnoorjit Kaur Brar ◽

Amanjeet Kaur Bagga

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Transient Condition ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Control Study ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) is a common cause of respiratory distress in newborns with estimated incidence of 1-2% of all newborns. Although a self-limiting transient condition but it may cause severe morbidities. This study was conducted to find association of serum vitamin D levels in neonates who develop TTN as compared to normal healthy neonates.Methods: With thorough history with structured questionnaire and lab tests, serum vitamin D levels of 45 neonates who develop TTN were compared with 56 healthy neonates in control group.Results: Out of 45 neonates who develop TTN 39(86.7%) were deficient in vitamin D as compared to control group where 33(58.9%) out of 56 healthy neonates were deficient in vitamin D.Conclusions: Lower vitamin D levels at birth in term neonates is associated with increased risk of developing TTN and vitamin D may have a role in its pathogenesis.

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Influence of serum vitamin D status on severe sarcopenia among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the KURAMA database

10.21203/rs.3.rs-697981/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroto Minamino ◽

Masao Katsushima ◽

Mie Torii ◽

Wataru Yamamoto ◽

Yoshihito Fujita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Sarcopenia is an age-related disease with an increased risk of mortality. It is emerging that low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) affects the sarcopenic state in general, but in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these associations are not understood although the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in RA. We conducted a cross-sectional study of older female outpatients from our cohort (KURAMA) database. We measured skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait-speed to diagnose severe sarcopenia. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 156 Patients (sarcopenia:44.9%, severe sarcopenia: 29.5%, and without sarcopenia: 25.6%) were enrolled. Classification of vitamin D status at a cutoff point of median 25(OH)D concentration revealed that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia and with low measured values of muscle mass, handgrip, and gait-speed. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.99–18.08). In components of sarcopenia, both low physical performance and muscle mass were associated with low 25(OH) status. In conclusion, vitamin D levels are associated with severe sarcopenia and its components, and modification of vitamin D status including vitamin D supplementation may play a role in improving sarcopenia in RA.

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Abstract P010: Mid-life Vitamin D Levels and Later Life Performance on Neuropsychological Testing: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwaseun E Fashanu ◽

Di Zhao ◽

Andrea L Schneider ◽

Andreea M Rawlings ◽

Richey A Sharrett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Late Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

And Performance ◽

Age Range

Background: Prior cross-sectional studies among older adults have found associations between low vitamin D (vitD) levels and reduced cognitive performance but were unable to distinguish the temporal order between vitD and the onset of dementia. We examined the association between mid-life vitD levels, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitD, with later life performance on neuropsychological testing. Methods: We conducted a non-concurrent cross-sectional analysis of 5,887 white and black participants enrolled in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study. We included participants who had serum vitD concentrations measured at visit 2 (1990-1992; age range 47-69 years) and who had neuropsychological and functional testing at visit 5 (2011-2013; age range 67-91 years). Neuropsychological tests were grouped into memory, language, and executive function domains and were standardized. We categorized vitD using clinical cut points as deficient (<20 ng/mL), intermediate (20-<30 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL). We used Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors to examine the associations between vitD with prevalent dementia and performance on neuropsychological testing. Results: In mid-life, the mean (SD) age of participants was 56 (5) years, 60% were female, and 22% black. Mean (SD) vitD was 24.6 (8.4) ng/mL; 30% had deficient, 46% intermediate, and 24% sufficient vitD levels. Compared to participants with sufficient vitD levels, the prevalence ratios (95% CI) of late-life dementia were 1.35 (0.99, 1.84) and 1.27 (0.90, 1.80) for participants with intermediate and deficient vitD levels, respectively. We found no significant association between mid-life vitD and late-life performance on neuropsychological testing ( Table ). Further adjustments for cardiovascular, genetic, and metabolic factors yielded similar results. Conclusion: In this cohort, mid-life serum vitD levels were not associated with prevalent dementia or with performance on neuropsychological testing 20 years later.

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Perceived and content-related emotional demands at work and risk of long-term sickness absence in the Danish workforce: a cohort study of 26 410 Danish employees

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2019-106015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

pp. 895-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elisabeth Framke ◽

Jeppe Karl Sørensen ◽

Mads Nordentoft ◽

Nina Føns Johnsen ◽

Anne Helene Garde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Environment And Health ◽

Frequency Of Contact ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Estimated Risk ◽

Emotional Demands

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine whether high emotional demands at work predict long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in the Danish workforce and whether associations differ by perceived and content-related emotional demands.MethodsWe included 26 410 individuals from the Work Environment and Health in Denmark Study, a nationwide sample of the Danish workforce. Emotional demands at work were measured with two items: one assessing perceived emotional demands (asking how often respondents were emotionally affected by work) and one assessing content-related emotional demands (frequency of contact with individuals in difficult situations). LTSA was register based and defined as spells of ≥6 weeks. Respondents with LTSA during 2 years before baseline were excluded. Follow-up was 52 weeks. Using Cox regression, we estimated risk of LTSA per one-unit increase in emotional demands rated on a five-point scale.ResultsDuring 22 466 person-years, we identified 1002 LTSA cases. Both perceived (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.28) and content-related emotional demands (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13) predicted risk of LTSA after adjustment for confounders. Further adjustment for baseline depressive symptoms substantially attenuated associations for perceived (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.16) but not content-related emotional demands (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11). Individuals working in occupations with above-average values of both exposures had an increased risk of LTSA (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.52) compared with individuals in all other job groups.ConclusionsPerceived and content-related emotional demands at work predicted LTSA, also after adjustment for baseline depressive symptoms, supporting the interpretation that high emotional demands may be hazardous to employee’s health.

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Which factors are associated with sarcopenia and frailty in elderly persons residing in the community?

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-22562018021.180165 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 755-766

Author(s):

Ana Paula Pillatt ◽

Rutiana Silva Patias ◽

Evelise Moraes Berlezi ◽

Rodolfo Herberto Schneider

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Frail Elderly ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Low Serum

Abstract Objective: to broaden knowledge about the factors associated with sarcopenia and frailty in elderly persons residing in the community. Method: an integrative systematic review based on the PRISMA recommendations was carried out, using articles published from 2012 to March 2017 in the PubMED, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, CINAHL and Springer electronic databases with the following descriptors: frail elderly, sarcopenia and etiology and their synonyms. The articles identified by the initial search strategy were independently assessed by two researchers, according to the eligibility criteria, and the articles selected were evaluated for methodological quality. Results: the results of this survey show that frailty may be associated with sarcopenia, low serum vitamin D levels, anemia, subclinical hyperthyroidism in men, while the greatest evolution in women was for osteoporosis. An association between sarcopenia and advanced age was also observed, with worsening quality of life, physical-functional capacity, nutritional status and comorbidities, as well as an increased risk of death in sarcopenic elderly persons. Conclusion: this systematic review showed that low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with frailty and factors that predispose this condition. It is therefore important to monitor the serum levels of this vitamin in the elderly population, and it is suggested that new studies are carried out related to supplements of this vitamin in frail elderly persons.

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The association of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up: The Maastricht Study

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-020-05247-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 2315-2328 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽

Sebastian Köhler ◽

Rutendo Muzambi ◽

Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽

Anke Oenema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Skin Autofluorescence ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Depression is twice as common in individuals with type 2 diabetes as in the general population. However, it remains unclear whether hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are directly involved in the aetiology of depression. Therefore, we investigated the association of markers of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, measured as continuous variables, with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up. Methods We used data from the longitudinal population-based Maastricht Study (n = 2848; mean age 59.9 ± 8.1 years, 48.8% women, 265 incident depression cases, 10,932 person-years of follow-up). We assessed hyperglycaemia by fasting and 2 h post-load OGTT glucose levels, HbA1c and skin autofluorescence (reflecting AGEs) at baseline. We used the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR to calculate insulin resistance at baseline. Depressive symptoms (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10) were assessed at baseline and annually over 4 years. We used Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors. Results Fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-load glucose and HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms after full adjustment (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.08, 1.33]; HR 1.25 [1.08, 1.44]; and HR 1.22 [1.09, 1.37] per SD, respectively), while skin autofluorescence, insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR were not (HR 0.99 [0.86, 1.13]; HR 1.02 [0.85, 1.25]; and HR 0.93 [0.81, 1.08], per SD, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation The observed temporal association between hyperglycaemia and incident depressive symptoms in this study supports the presence of a mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and the development of depressive symptoms.

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Daytime Sleepiness and Sleep Inadequacy as Risk Factors for Dementia

Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra ◽

10.1159/000431311 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 286-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Angeliki Tsapanou ◽

Yian Gu ◽

Jennifer Manly ◽

Nicole Schupf ◽

Ming-Xin Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Medical Outcomes ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Incident Dementia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Sleep Adequacy

Background/Aims: To examine the association between self-reported sleep problems and incidence of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. Methods: 1,041 nondemented participants over 65 years old were examined longitudinally. Sleep problems were estimated using the RAND Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale examining sleep disturbance, snoring, sleep short of breath or with a headache, sleep adequacy, and sleep somnolence. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between sleep problems and risk for incident dementia. Age, gender, education, ethnicity, APOE-ε4, stroke, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and depression were included as covariates. Results: Over 3 years of follow-up, 966 (92.8%) participants remained nondemented, while 78 (7.2%) developed dementia. In unadjusted models, sleep inadequacy (‘Get the amount of sleep you need') at the initial visit was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.42; p = 0.027). Adjusting for all the covariates, increased risk of incident dementia was still associated with sleep inadequacy (HR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.01-1.42; p = 0.040), as well as with increased daytime sleepiness (‘Have trouble staying awake during the day') (HR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.00-1.54; p = 0.047). Conclusion: Our results suggest that sleep inadequacy and increased daytime sleepiness are risk factors for dementia in older adults, independent of demographic and clinical factors.

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Associations Between Serum Vitamin D and Adverse Pathology in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.65.1463 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 1345-1349 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yaw A. Nyame ◽

Adam B. Murphy ◽

Diana K. Bowen ◽

Gregory Jordan ◽

Ken Batai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Cancer Aggressiveness ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Relationship

Purpose Lower serum vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Among men with localized prostate cancer, especially with low- or intermediate-risk disease, vitamin D may serve as an important biomarker of disease aggression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adverse pathology at the time of radical prostatectomy and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) levels. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2014, nested within a large epidemiologic study of 1,760 healthy controls and men undergoing prostate cancer screening. In total, 190 men underwent radical prostatectomy in the cohort. Adverse pathology was defined as the presence of primary Gleason 4 or any Gleason 5 disease, or extraprostatic extension. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between 25-OH D and adverse pathology at the time of prostatectomy. Results Eighty-seven men (45.8%) in this cohort demonstrated adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy. The median age in the cohort was 64.0 years (interquartile range, 59.0 to 67.0). On univariate analysis, men with adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy demonstrated lower median serum 25-OH D (22.7 v 27.0 ng/mL, P = .007) compared with their counterparts. On multivariate analysis, controlling for age, serum prostate specific antigen, and abnormal digital rectal examination, serum 25-OH D less than 30 ng/mL was associated with increased odds of adverse pathology (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.25 to 5.59; P = .01). Conclusion Insufficiency/deficiency of serum 25-OH D is associated with increased odds of adverse pathology in men with localized disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum 25-OH D may serve as a useful biomarker in prostate cancer aggressiveness, which deserves continued study.

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