scholarly journals Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Zhen Dai ◽  
Yi Qiu ◽  
Xing-Hong Di ◽  
Wei-Wu Shi ◽  
Hui-Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
E6 And E7

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China.

scholarly journals Leadership and Motivation as Important Aspects of the International Company’s Corporate Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Ingrida Košičiarová ◽  
Zdenka Kádeková ◽  
Peter Štarchoň
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Leadership Motivation ◽  
Kendall Rank Correlation ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Chi Square Test

Although the issue of corporate culture has been taken over and addressed in the literature from various perspectives, there are very few researchers about the role of leadership and motivation in it, respectively very few researchers have addressed them as important components of the international company’s corporate culture. The present paper aims to point out that leadership and motivation can be perceived as important aspects of the international company’s corporate culture. The object of the investigation was an international company (situated in Italy) and its five subsidiaries (situated in Italy, Czech Republic, Germany, and Turkey). As the main research method, there was chosen the method of the questionnaire survey, which was attempted by all the company’s employees (totally 270 respondents). The questionnaire was divided into three separate, but logically related parts—leadership, motivation, and corporate culture, and submitted to two groups of respondents—the company’s management and its employees. In total 11 hypotheses were formulated and further evaluated by the methods of Pearson Chi-square Test, Fisher’s Exact Test, Cramer’s V coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient, Eta coefficient, Spearman coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon W statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Friedman’s test. The results of the research have proven that leadership and motivation are important parts of the corporate culture.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of lingual retainer failure bonded with or without liquid resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Bazargani ◽  
Sven Jacobson ◽  
Bertil Lennartsson
Keyword(s):  
Composite Wire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Liquid Resin ◽  
Composite Interface ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lingual Retainer ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Objective: To prospectively evaluate and compare the effect of liquid resin on lingual retainer failure after a 2-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients (26 males, 26 females) with a mean age of 18.3 ± 1.3 years at follow-up, were randomized into two groups: the resin group and the nonresin group. The lingual retainers in the resin group were bonded to the enamel surfaces with two-step bonding resin, Optibond FL, and Tetric EvoFlow. The nonresin group followed the same procedure of bonding retainers but without applying the Optibond FL. Retainer failure, calculus accumulation, and discoloration of composite pads adjacent to the retainers during the 2-year observation period were registered, compared, and statistically analyzed with a Fisher's exact test and chi-square test. Results: In the resin group, the incidence of retainer failure was 4% and occurred at the composite-wire interface; in the nonresin group, the incidence was 27% and occurred at the enamel-composite interface. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P  =  .049). The incidences of calculus accumulation and discoloration adjacent to the composite pads were 27% and 69% (P  =  .003 and P &lt; .001) higher in the nonresin group, respectively. Conclusion: Application of resin in bonding of lingual retainers appears to reduce the incidence of retainer failure as well as the incidence of calculus accumulation and discoloration adjacent to the composite pads.

scholarly journals E6^E7, a Novel Splice Isoform Protein of Human Papillomavirus 16, Stabilizes Viral E6 and E7 Oncoproteins via HSP90 and GRP78

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ajiro ◽  
Zhi-Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Splice Isoforms ◽  
Hpv16 E6 ◽  
Human Papillomavirus 16 ◽  
Hpv18 E6 ◽  
Splice Isoform ◽  
E6 And E7

ABSTRACTTranscripts of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 oncogenes undergo alternative RNA splicing to produce multiple splice isoforms. However, the importance of these splice isoforms is poorly understood. Here we report a critical role of E6^E7, a novel isoform containing the 41 N-terminal amino acid (aa) residues of E6 and the 38 C-terminal aa residues of E7, in the regulation of E6 and E7 stability. Through mass spectrometric analysis, we identified that HSP90 and GRP78, which are frequently upregulated in cervical cancer tissues, are two E6^E7-interacting proteins responsible for the stability and function of E6^E7, E6, and E7. Although GRP78 and HSP90 do not bind each other, GRP78, but not HSP90, interacts with E6 and E7. E6^E7 protein, in addition to self-binding, interacts with E6 and E7 in the presence of GRP78 and HSP90, leading to the stabilization of E6 and E7 by prolonging the half-life of each protein. Knocking down E6^E7 expression in HPV16-positive CaSki cells by a splice junction-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) destabilizes E6 and E7 and prevents cell growth. The same is true for the cells with a GRP78 knockdown or in the presence of an HSP90 inhibitor. Moreover, mapping and alignment analyses for splicing elements in 36 alpha-HPVs (α-HPVs) suggest the possible expression of E6^E7 mostly by other oncogenic or possibly oncogenic α-HPVs (HPV18, -30, -31, -39, -42, -45, -56, -59, -70, and -73). HPV18 E6^E7 is detectable in HPV18-positive HeLa cells and HPV18-infected raft tissues. All together, our data indicate that viral E6^E7 and cellular GRP78 or HSP90 might be novel targets for cervical cancer therapy.IMPORTANCEHPV16 is the most prevalent HPV genotype, being responsible for 60% of invasive cervical cancer cases worldwide. What makes HPV16 so potent in the development of cervical cancer remains a mystery. We discovered in this study that, besides producing two well-known oncoproteins, E6 and E7, seen in other high-risk HPVs, HPV16 produces E6^E7, a novel splice isoform of E6 and E7. E6^E7, in addition to self-interacting, binds cellular chaperone proteins, HSP90 and GRP78, and viral E6 and E7 to increase the steady-state levels and half-lives of viral oncoproteins, leading to cell proliferation. The splicingciselements in the regulation of HPV16 E6^E7 production are highly conserved in 11 oncogenic or possibly oncogenic HPVs, and we confirmed the production of HPV18 E6^E7 in HPV18-infected cells. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of splicing, the interplay between different products of the polycistronic viral message, and the role of the host chaperones as they function.

scholarly journals The Role of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Cervical Cancer: A Review about HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis and Its Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Bonello ◽  
Renald Blundell
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
E6 And E7

The human papillomavirus (HPV) was the first virus known to induce carcinogenesis and is associated with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumors and malignancies of the head and neck. This paper reviews the structure and basic genomic characteristics of the virus and outlines the clinical involvement of the main HPV serotypes, focusing on the carcinogenic role of HPV-16 and 18. The mechanisms that occur in the development of cervical neoplasia due to the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 which interfere with the regulation of the cell cycle through their interaction with p53 and retinoblastoma protein are described. Epidemiological factors, diagnostic tools and the management of the disease are also reviewed, along with the available vaccines to prevent the viral infection. Insights on current research on involvement of oxidative stress and micro-RNAs in cervical carcinogenesis are also explored as they may unlock new means of diagnosis and treatment in the future.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Role of the Pediatric Nurse in Patient Education and Follow-up of Patients Receiving Oral Anticancer Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Sara Shinnick
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Pediatric Hematology

Objective: To assess the role of the pediatric nurse/advanced practice provider in patient education and follow-up of patients receiving oral anticancer therapy. Methods: Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses members were invited to participate in a survey that focused on the nurses’ roles in patient education of patients taking oral oncolytic agents. Data were collected via a 16-item questionnaire. Respondents included 197 nurses and advanced practice providers. Content analysis techniques were used to describe the qualitative data while Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used in the quantitative statistical analysis. Results: Seventy-one percent of respondents reported some type of involvement in patient education. Knowledge as well as comfort level improved as years of oncology nursing experience increased. Generally, policies and procedures are in place; however, nurses noted there is a need for improved oral oncolytic guidelines. Nurses also reported a need for improved and updated educational resources. Conclusion: While the development of oral oncolytic agents continues to rise, findings show a need to develop evidence-based guidelines for nurses, which include management of oral oncolytic dosing, adverse events, and safety issues.

The use of Ellis pins (negative profile tip-threaded pins) in external skeletal fixation in dogs and cats

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pead ◽  
A. L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Risk Of Failure ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Rate Of Failure

SummaryThe Ellis pin is commonly used in external skeletal fixators (ESFs) but some authors suggest that this pin suffers from a high rate of failure. The purpose of this study was to look for complications associated with four different pin types, in particular pin breakage, as well as pin loosening, radiolucency around pins and pin tract discharge. Fifty consecutive cases which had an ESF applied using Ellis pins were identified. Radiographs and case records were used to record case details, ESF design, duration of fixation, pin types used, and complications. Records from 31 dogs and 17 cats were examined (2 animals were removed from the study because of incomplete follow-up). There were 21 Type I, 7 Type I with a tied-in IM pin, 2 modified Type I, 2 modified Type I with a tied-in IM pin and 16 modified Type II ESFs. 160 Ellis pins, 30 centrally threaded positive profile pins, 4 end threaded positive profile pins and 46 smooth pins were used. Complications relating to one or more of the pins were seen in 65% of the fixators. None of the pins broke. There was a significant association between individual pin type and the number of pins showing loosening (p = 0.002) or radiolucency (p = 0.006), but not a significance in the association between pin type and discharge (Chi-Square test). When each pin was compared against each other pin, smooth pins were significantly more likely to be loose than Ellis pins (p <0.001), and centrally threaded positive profile pins were significantly more likely to result in radiolucency than Ellis pins (p = 0.01), using a Chi-square test. There was not any significant association between any other pin types for any complication using a Fisher’s Exact test. The study demonstrates that Ellis pins, when inserted correctly, are not at any greater risk of failure than other pin types, and that fewer complications may be associated with them than other pin designs.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Learning Curve of Surgeons without Previous Experience in Laparoscopy to Perform Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Monnerat Lott ◽  
Deborah Siqueira ◽  
Hermano Argolo ◽  
Bernardo Lindberg Nóbrega ◽  
Franz Santos Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Laparoscopic Prostatectomy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Postoperative Improvement

Objective. To assess the learning curve in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) performed by surgeons without previous experience in laparoscopic prostatectomy. Materials and Methods. We analyzed 119 patients submitted to RARP performed by two surgeons without previous experience in laparoscopic prostatectomy, with emphasis on the relevant outcomes such as continence, erectile function, and oncologic control with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. We used Fisher’s exact test and the chi-square test to investigate the existence of a relationship between the variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to verify possible statistically significant differences between groups, at the 5% level. Results. The patients’ age varied from 41 to 72 years (mean = 61.09), with 68 (57.14%) cases having intermediate or high risk. There was a consistent decline in operative time. Of the 119 patients, 80.67% were continent 6 months after surgery and 89.07% 12 months afterward, while 35.29% were potent 6 months after surgery and 60.50% 12 months following surgery. Twelve months after surgery, the trifecta outcome rate was 51.26% and the pentafecta rate was 31.09%. There was progressive postoperative improvement and maintenance of continence and sexual potency until the last patient was operated in our sample. Conclusions. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy does not require previous experience in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, but the learning curve is not short to achieve the plateau.

scholarly journals PERAN EDUCATOR PERAWAT DENGAN PELAKSANAAN DISCHARGE PLANNING PADA PASIEN DI RUANG TULIP 1C RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Pertiwiwati ◽  
Ichsan Rizany
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAKDischarge planning merupakan interaksi dan kolaborasi antara petugas kesehatan, pasien, dan keluarga untuk memberikan dan mengatur kontinuitas perawatan yang diperlukan pasien.  Selama pelaksanaan discharge planning, perawat berperan melakukan pendidikan kepada pasien dan keluarga untuk mempersiapkan pemulangan dan kebutuhan untuk perawatan tindak lanjut di rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan peran educator perawat dengan pelaksanaan discharge planning pada pasien  di Ruang Tulip 1C RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan cross sectional menggunakan sampling jenuh, dan subjek penelitian sebanyak 29 responden. Peran educator yang baik sebanyak 17 orang (59%) dan pelaksanaan discharge planning baik sebanyak 18 orang (62%). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan hasil didapatkan nilai p=0,002 yang berarti p<0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan bermakna antara peran educator perawat dengan pelaksanaan discharge planning pada pasien di Ruang Tulip 1C  RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin.Kata-kata kunci: perawat, discharge planning, peran educator.ABSTRACTDischarge planning is the interaction and collaboration among of health care workers, patients, and families together to provide and arrange the necessary continuity of patient care. During the implementation of discharge planning, nurses play a role in education to the patient and family for prepare the return and the possible need for follow-up care at home. This study aimed to determined the relationship of the educator nurse’s role with the implementation of discharge planning for patients in  Tulip 1C RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. The study design was observational analytic cross sectional using saturated sampling and the subjects were 29 respondents. The role of a good educator were 17 people (59%) and the implementation of good discharge planning were 18 people (62%). Data analysis using Chi Square test with the results obtained p = 0.002, which means p <0.05, so it can be concluded that there was a significant relationship between the nurse educator role with the implementation of discharge planning for patients in Tulip 1C RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin.Keywords: nurse, discharge planning, educator role.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERAN BIDAN DENGAN PERILAKU PERIKSA INSPEKSI VISUAL ASAM ASETAT (IVA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Triani Yuliastanti ◽  
Rismawati .
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

ABSTRAK                           Latar Belakang: Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker yang paling banyak terjadi pada kaum wanita. Kanker serviks menduduki urutan tertinggi di negara berkembang dan urutan ke 10 di negara maju atau urutan ke 5 secara global Berdasar pada kebijakan pemerintah mengadakan program baru pencegahan Ca Serviks yang dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA). Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan peran bidan dengan perilaku periksa Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA). Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. populasi penelitian semua WUS di Desa Karanggeneng Kecamatan Boyolali sebanyak  971 WUS. Berdasarkan rumus slovin didapatkan jumlah sempel yaitu 91 responden. Teknik sampling accidental sampling. Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil : Penelitian menunjukkan responden yang diberikan penyuluhan dan  melakukan pemeperiksaan  IVA  sebanyak  41,2%, responden yang pernah dilakukan penyuluhan namun tidak periksa IVA sebanyak 58,8%. Sedangkan 100% responden yang tidak mendapatkan penyuluhan tidak melakukan pemeriksaan IVA. Hasil uji fisher exact didapatkan nilai p 0,006  < =0,05 sehingga ada hubungan antara peran bidan dengan perilaku periksa IVA. Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan  antara  peran bidan dengan perilaku periksa IVA. Bidan diharapkan melakukan penyuluhan dan memotivasi ibu secara berulang-ulang tentang pemeriksaan IVA agar meningkatkan pengetahuan dan minat ibu melakukan pemeriksaan IVA sebagai deteksi dini kangker servikKata kunci:  Peran bidan, perilaku periksa IVABIDAN ROLE RELATIONSHIP ROLE OF MIDWIVES WITH CHECK BEHAVIOR OF VISUAL ACID ACID INSPECTION (IVA) ABSTRACTBackground: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Cervical cancer ranks highest in developing countries and ranks 10th in developed countries or 5th place globally. Based on government policy, the implementation of a new program to prevent Cervical Ca is done by examining Visual Acetate Acid inspection (IVA). Objective: To determine the relationship between the role of midwives and the behavior of check for Visual Acetate Acid inspection (IVA). Method: The study design used correlational with cross sectional approach. the research population of all WUS in Karanggeneng Village, Boyolali District was 971 WUS. Based on the Slovin formula, the number of respondents was 91 respondents. The sampling technique is accidental sampling. Data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square test. Results: The study showed that respondents who were given counseling and conducted IVA examinations were 41.2%, respondents who had been given counseling did not check IVA for 58.8%. While 100% of respondents who did not receive counseling did not carry out IVA examinations. Fisher exact test results obtained p value 0.006 <= 0.05 so that there was a relationship between the role of midwives and IVA check behavior. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the role of midwives and the behavior of check IVA. Midwives are expected to conduct counseling and motivate mothers repeatedly about IVA examination so as to increase knowledge and interest in mothers conducting IVA examination as early detection of cervical cancerKeywords: Role of midwives, IVA check behavior.

scholarly journals ROLE OF ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOPOGRAPHY (AS-OCT) PRE OPERATIVELY TO DETECT PRE-EXISTING WEAKNESS OF POSTERIOR CAPSULE IN PATIENT OF POSTERIOR POLAR CATARACT EFFECTING OUTCOMES DURING PHACOEMULSIFICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jata Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Posterior Capsule ◽  
Government College ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Posterior Polar Cataract

Aim:To determine the role of AS-OCT to detect posterior capsular dehiscent preoperative. Design:Prospective hospital based observational study. Material and Method: Patient collection in Government college Kannauj March 2018 to February 2019 .According to Helnsinki's declaration preoperative assessment and AS-OCT is also performed .Phacoemusification with PCIOL and follow up was done upto 6 week. Result: AS-OCT done for 26 eye out of which in 4 (15.3%) eyes posterior capsule was found dehiscent rest of all eyes posterior capsule was intact. Examination under microscope surgeon found posterior capsular dehiscent only in 3(11.5%).Sensivity of AS-OCT is 75% and specificity is 95.45%.Stastical analysis was done for AS-OCT by CHI SQUARE test (P=.0004). Conclusion: Significant role of detecting AS-OCT in posterior capsular dehiscent.

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