scholarly journals The longitudinal association between lifetime mental disorders and first onset or recurrent suicide ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek de Beurs ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Ron de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
First Onset ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Although the cross-sectional association between mental disorders and suicide ideation is well studied, less is known about the prospective association. In this paper, we estimated among those without 12-month suicide ideation at baseline, the association between a wide variety of common mental disorders at baseline and suicide ideation within the 6-year follow-up period, after controlling for history of other mental disorders and demographic variables. Methods Data were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a prospective representative adult cohort study with baseline (n = 6646) with a 6-year follow-up period. Lifetime mental disorders were assessed at baseline with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Within the longitudinal design, participants with first time or recurrent suicide ideation were defined follows: having no suicide ideation in the 12 months before the baseline assessment, and reporting to have had seriously thought about suicide between baseline and the 6-year follow-up period. Multiple logistical regression was used to estimate the longitudinal association between suicide ideation and a specific mental disorder while controlling for comorbidity and baseline variables. To account for the prevalence of a disorder in the population, for each disorder, the population attributable risk proportion (PARP) was calculated. Results 2.9% (n = 132) of the participants that did not report suicide ideation in the past 12 months at baseline reported suicide ideation at follow-up. Of these 132 cases, 81 (61%) experienced suicide ideation for the first time in their lives and could be viewed as first onset cases. 51 (39%) reported recurrent suicide ideation. After controlling for comorbidity, the only two disorders that were significantly related to suicide ideation at follow-up were lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). PARP for MDD was 47.8 and 16.6% for GAD. Conclusions After controlling for all other mental disorders, a lifetime history of MDD and GAD were related to suicide ideation at follow-up. For clinical practice, this indicates that patients with a history of MDD or GAD stay vulnerable for suicide ideation, even though they did not report suicide ideation in the past year.

scholarly journals Association between polypharmacy and falls in older adults: a longitudinal study from England

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafeesa N Dhalwani ◽  
Radia Fahami ◽  
Harini Sathanapally ◽  
Sam Seidu ◽  
Melanie J Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
The Past ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
English Longitudinal Study ◽  
Complex Drug

ObjectivesAssess the longitudinal association between polypharmacy and falls and examine the differences in this association by different thresholds for polypharmacy definitions in a nationally representative sample of adults aged over 60 years from England.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing waves 6 and 7.Participants5213 adults aged 60 or older.Main outcome measuresRates, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI for falls in people with and without polypharmacy.ResultsA total of 5213 participants contributed 10 502 person-years of follow-up, with a median follow-up of 2.02 years (IQR 1.9–2.1 years). Of the 1611 participants with polypharmacy, 569 reported at least one fall within the past 2 years (rate: 175 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 161 to 190), and of the 3602 participants without polypharmacy 875 reported at least one fall (rate: 121 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 113 to 129). The rate of falls was 21% higher in people with polypharmacy compared with people without polypharmacy (adjusted IRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.31). Using ≥4 drugs threshold the rate of falls was 18% higher in people with polypharmacy compared with people without (adjusted IRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.28), whereas using ≥10 drugs threshold polypharmacy was associated with a 50% higher rate of falls (adjusted IRR 1.50, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.67).ConclusionsWe found almost one-third of the total population using five or more drugs, which was significantly associated with 21% increased rate of falls over a 2-year period. Further exploration of the effects of these complex drug combinations in the real world with a detailed standardised assessment of polypharmacy is greatly required along with pragmatic studies in primary care, which will help inform whether the threshold for a detailed medication review should be lowered.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular family history increases the risk of disease recurrence after a first myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Wahrenberg ◽  
P Magnusson ◽  
R Kuja-Halkola ◽  
H Habel ◽  
K Hambraeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Early Family

Abstract Background Despite recent advances in secondary prevention, recurrent cardiovascular events are common after a myocardial infarction (MI). It has been reported that genetic risk scores may predict the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. Although patient-derived family history is a composite of both genetic and environmental heritability of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), it is an easily accessible information compared to genetically based risk models but the association with recurrent events is unknown. Purpose To evaluate whether a register-verified family history of ASCVD is associated with recurrent cardiovascular events (rASCVD) in patients after a first-time MI. Methods We included patients with a first-time MI during 2005 – 2014, registered in the SWEDEHEART SEPHIA registry and without prior ASCVD. Follow-up was available until Dec 31st, 2018. Data on relatives, diagnoses and prescriptions were extracted from national registers. A family history of ASCVD was defined as a register-verified hospitalisation due to MI, angina with coronary revascularization procedures, stroke or cardiovascular death in any parent. Early history was defined as such an event before the age of 55 years in fathers and 65 years in mothers. The association between family history and a composite outcome including recurrent MI, angina requiring acute revascularization, ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular death during follow-up was studied with Cox proportional hazard regression with time from SEPHIA registry completion as underlying time-scale, adjusted for age with splines, gender and year of SEPHIA registry. Regression models were then further adjusted for hypertension, diabetes, smoking and for a subset of patients, LDL-cholesterol (LDL_C) at time of first event. Results Of 25,615 patients, 2.5% and 32.1% had an early and ever-occurring family history of ASCVD, respectively. Patients with early family history were significantly younger than other patients and were more likely to be current smokers and have a higher LDL-C (Median (IQR) 3.5 (1.1) vs 3.3 (1.1) mmol/L). In total, 3,971 (15.5%) patients experienced the outcome. Early family history of ASCVD was significantly associated with rASCVD (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–1.87), and the effect was sustained when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20–1.83) and LDL-C (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04–1.74). Ever-occurring family history was weakly associated with ASCVD (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 – 1.17) and the association remained unchanged with adjustments for risk factors. Conclusions Early family history of cardiovascular disease is a potent risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular events in a secondary prevention setting, independent of traditional risk factors including LDL-C. This is a novel finding and these patients may potentially benefit from intensified secondary preventive measures after a first-time MI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): This work was funded by grants from The Swedish Heart and Lung Association

scholarly journals Guitar movement in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn Chechenya
Keyword(s):  
Historical Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Xxist Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pedagogical Aspect ◽  
First Time

The article studies the development of guitar art in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXIst century. This topic is virtually not researched in domestic musicology. All the research is primarily devoted to pan-European trends or regional school. For the first time, this study analyzes various aspects of the activity of the Guitarists Association of the NUMU (National All-Ukrainian Music Union) presenting historical material on the formation of guitar art in Ukraine, and information on outstanding musicians of the past. Factual material on the history of the National All-Ukrainian Music Union and the Association of Guitarists as its creative center has been gathered. The article traces the development of the guitar movement in Ukraine at the beginning of the new century from the First All-Ukrainian Festival-Competition of Guitar Art of Valery Petrenko to the presentday events. It emphasizes ways of development of competitive activity, the case of Oleg Stefaniuk Open Competition of Music Masters (2019), online competitions of performers "Guitar Play" and competition "Compoguitar". The only specialized magazine Guitar in Ukraine, published regularly since 2008, facilitates the promotion of the guitar art. Hence, the active and diverse activities of Guitarists Association of the NUMU have significantly contributed to the development of Ukrainian guitar art in the performing and academic-pedagogical aspect.

scholarly journals Moral Treatment: Philippe Pinel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sushma. C ◽  
Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demonic Possession ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Philippe Pinel a pioneer, a french psychiatrist, a physician, known as father of modern psychiatry, revolutions psychiatric care of patients with mental illness by introducing concept of moral treatment. Pinel rejected the then prevailing popular notion that mental illness was caused by demonic possession and stated that mental disorders could be caused by a variety of factors including psychological or social stress, congenital conditions, or physiological injury, psychological damage, or heredity. Philippe Pinel for the first time in history of psychiatric patients treated them humanly by unchaining patients known as madmen. This historic event was done for first time in Bicêtre Hospital in 1798 a Parisian insane asylum. In this article a brief history of life and work of pioneer Philippe Pinel is mentioned.

scholarly journals Acquired arteriovenous fistula formation following cephalic vein intravenous catheterisation in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691983185
Author(s):  
Lisa Graziano ◽  
Stefania Di Paco ◽  
Giancarlo Avallone ◽  
Paola Roccabanca
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cephalic Vein ◽  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Deep Dermis ◽  
Velocity Flow ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Case summary A 10-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 4 month history of slow, progressive swelling and intermittent multifocal bleeding of the distal right forepaw that progressively developed after cephalic vein catheterisation for anaesthesia. The procedure was performed for dental calculus removal. Initial clinical and biopsy (superficial biopsy) findings matched two differential diagnoses: progressive angiomatosis and acquired peripheral arteriovenous fistula (AVF). AVF was suspected based on Doppler ultrasound examination that identified multiple abnormal sinusoidal neoformed branching vessels with turbulent high-velocity flow spectrum at the confluence of the artery and vein, and high-velocity arterialised flow in the vein. Owing to rapid and severe progression of lesions after biopsy, the owner requested amputation of the cat’s limb. A definitive diagnosis of acquired iatrogenic peripheral AVF was based on deep-tissue microscopical evaluation. High numbers of arterioles and venules in superficial and deep dermis embedded in oedematous stroma were connected to dilated and tortuous vessels with irregularly thickened walls in deep dermis and panniculus. Vasculitis and vascular thrombosis and thickening (attributed to local hypertension) were common findings. No bone or muscular invasion were observed. The cat was doing well 3 years after surgery. Relevance and novel information This report describes a case of iatrogenic acquired peripheral AVF following venous catheterisation in a cat, fully documented for the first time by a combination of clinical findings, ultrasound imaging, complete histopathology and follow-up history.

Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Dhammajoti
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Doctrinal Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Abhidharma had its origin in certain systematizing, analytical, and exegetical features found in the Sūtra, particularly, mātṛikā (summary list), abhidharma-kathā (discussion about the doctrine), vibhaṅga (“analytical exposition”), and upadeśa (exegetical elaboration). Buddhist philosophies may have been primarily initiated and vigorously elevated in the Abhidharma tradition. However, while the Abhidharma treatises undoubtedly exhibit highly developed scholastic and hermeneutical components, Abhidharma is essentially a soteriology. The Sarvāstivāda Ābhidhārmikas consistently claim that Abhidharma is truly “Buddha-word,” being the sine quo non for ascertaining the true intents of the sutras—it constitutes the ultimate authority for discerning the definite and explicit discourses (nītārtha-sūtra) of the Buddha. Sarvāstivāda, the “All-exist School,” was undoubtedly one of the most important Buddhist schools in the period of Abhidharma Buddhism. Since its establishment around the 2nd century bce, it exerted tremendous impact, directly or indirectly, on the subsequent development of Indian Buddhism. This school possesses a complete set of seven canonical Abhidharma texts, nearly all of which are now preserved in Chinese translation, and one, the Prajñapti-śāstra, is preserved in a complete Tibetan translation. A huge compendia, The Great Abhidharma Commentary (Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā), whose gradual compilation must have spanned over more than half a century and was fully completed around 150 ce, is now extant only in Chinese. This compendia, encyclopedic in scope, defines the doctrinal positions of the orthodox Sarvāstivādins based in Kaśmīra, who subsequently came to be known as the Vaibhāṣikas. The central thesis of the school is sarvāstivāda or sarvāstitā (/sarvāstitva), which claims that all “dharmas”—fundamental realities or real entities of existence—sustain their unique intrinsic natures throughout the three periods of time. That is, whether future, past, or present, a dharma’s intrinsic nature remains the same, even though its mode of existence (bhāva) varies. This thesis was vehemently challenged by the Vibhajyavādins (Distinctionists) who denied the reality of the past and future dharmas. The reverberation of this “Sarvāstivāda-versus-Vibhajyavāda” controversy can be observed to have generated decisively significant doctrinal implications throughout the history of Buddhist thoughts. The Savāstivāda school was also known as Hetuvāda, a “school which expounds on causality.” Kātyāyanīputra (c. 150 bce), often regarded as the effective “founder” of the Sarvāstivāda school, was credited with the innovation of a theory of sixfold causes, of which the coexistent or simultaneous causality was the most important legacy. For the first time in human history, he systematically articulated a form of causality in which the cause and its effect coexist simultaneously. This theory contributed importantly to Buddhist doctrinal development, particularly its epistemology. Mahāyāna Yogācāra had embraced it from their very inception, finding it indispensable for the establishment of many of their fundamental doctrines, including “store consciousness” (ālaya-vijñāna) and “cognition-only” (vijñaptimātratā).

A Follow-up Study of Psychiatric Disturbance in a Cape Coloured Community

1973 ◽  
Vol 123 (574) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Gillis ◽  
G. L. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
History Of

Longitudinal studies of psychiatric disturbance in communities are important in order to determine the natural history of mental disorders. Most studies have focused on the prevalence of known psychiatric disorders and response to treatment, but only a few on the follow up of a population not previously recognized as psychiatrically ill (Beiser (1), Hagnell (5), Helgason (6), Myers and Bean (10)). The present study is an attempt to do this, and also to follow up untreated disorder within a community.

scholarly journals How often do partial disability pensioners end up on a full disability pension?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Polvinen ◽  
M Laaksonen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Disability Retirement ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Low Education ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Extending working lives and deferring retirement have been important topics of discussion in recent years. Full disability pensioners seldom work, but most partial disability pensioners continuing working while receiving a pension. However, very little is known about how often partial disability pensioners end up on a full disability pension. The aims of this study were to investigate to what degree partial disability pensions become full disability pensions, and how age, gender, marital status, education, unemployment or a disability diagnosis are associated with that. Methods The register data included 2,969 Finns who were aged 18-59 years and whose partial disability retirement started in 2010. The follow-up period ranged from 2010 to the end of 2015. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios for full disability retirement. Results Approximately 40 per cent of the partial disability pensioners ended up on a full disability pension during the follow-up period. Partial disability pensioners who were older, had a lower educational level or a history of unemployment, or who suffered from mental disorders ended up on a full disability pension more often than others. The risk of full disability retirement was 1.5-fold among those with mental disorders compared to those with musculoskeletal diseases. Conclusions Partial disability pensioners with a low education, a history of unemployment or who suffer from mental disorders experience a higher risk of ending up on a full disability pension. More focus should be paid to improving education, preventing mental health problems and unemployment in order to help the disabled work longer. Key messages Preventing partial disability pensioners from ending up on a full disability pension can extend their working lives. Partial disability pensioners with a low education, a history of unemployment or poor mental health more often stop working altogether. More focus should be paid to improving these issues.

Examining Time Perspective Orientation in Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-646
Author(s):  
Arezoo Shahnaz ◽  
Boaz Y. Saffer ◽  
E. David Klonsky
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Orientation ◽  
Two Measures

Introduction: Time perspective orientation (TPO) refers to the way an individual psychologically and behaviorally connects to temporal concepts of past, present, and future. Previous studies have hypothesized that certain types of time perspectives, such as a negative orientation towards the past, predict negative psychological functioning and outcomes, including suicide risk. The current study examines whether differences in TPOs are linked to suicidal thoughts or suicidal acts using two measures of time perspective. Methods: We recruited a large online U.S.-based sample comprised of three groups: participants with (a) a history of suicide attempts (attempters; n = 107), (b) a history of suicide ideation but no history of attempts (ideators; n = 164), and (c) no history of ideation or attempts (nonsuicidal; n = 194). Results: A Positive Past (d = 0.71) and Negative Past (d = 0.89) orientation yielded large differences between individuals with a history of suicide ideation and nonsuicidal participants, where Positive Past was elevated among nonsuicidal participants and Negative Past among ideators. These differences were not accounted for by depression or anxiety. However, TPO differences between individuals with a history of suicide ideation and individuals with a history of attempts ranged from negligible to small (d range = 0.03—0.33). Discussion: The findings suggest that time perspective may be robustly associated with the development of suicide ideation, but only minimally related to suicide attempts among ideators.

scholarly journals Socio-economic position and common mental disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Nicola Singleton ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIndividuals in lower socio-economic groups have an increased prevalence of common mental disorders.AimsTo investigate the longitudinal association between socio-economic position and common mental disorders in a general population sample in the UK.MethodParticipants (n=2406) were assessed at two time points 18 months apart with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The sample was stratified into two cohorts according to mental health status at baseline.ResultsNone of the socio-economic indicators studied was significantly associated with an episode of common mental disorder at follow-up after adjusting for baseline psychiatric morbidity. The analysis of separate diagnostic categories showed that subjective financial difficulties at baseline were independently associated with depression at follow-up in both cohorts.ConclusionsThese findings support the view that apart from objective measures of socio-economic position, more subjective measures might be equally important from an aetiological or clinical perspective.

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