scholarly journals Screening male prisoners for depression and anxiety with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at NHS Healthcheck: patterns of symptoms and caseness threshold

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Butcher ◽  
Christopher Packham ◽  
Marie Williams ◽  
Joanne Miksza ◽  
Adarsh Kaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Male Prisoners

Abstract Background Screening for depression and anxiety disorders has been proposed in prison populations but little is known about caseness thresholds on commonly used self-report measures in relation to core symptoms, risk factors and symptom patterns. Method A cross-sectional prevalence survey measured depression and anxiety caseness (threshold scores > 10 and > 15 on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and diagnostic algorithm on PHQ-9) in 1205 male prisoners aged 35–74 years eligible for an NHS Healthcheck from six English prisons. Caseness scores were compared with the presence or absence of daily core symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), demographic, prison and cardiovascular risk factors. Cluster analysis was applied to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items in prisoners scoring > 10 on PHQ-9. Results 453(37.6%) and 249(20.7%) prisoners scored > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; 216 (17.9%) had a depressive episode on the PHQ-9 algorithm; 378(31.4%) and 217(18.0%) scored > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7 respectively. Daily core items for depression were scored in 232(56.2%) and 139(74.3%) prisoners reaching > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; daily core anxiety items in 282(74.9%) and 179(96.3%) reaching > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7. Young age, prison and previous high alcohol intake were associated with > 15 on the PHQ-9. Cluster analysis showed a cluster with core symptoms of depression, slowness, restlessness, suicidality, poor concentration, irritability or fear. Altered appetite, poor sleep, lack of energy, guilt or worthlessness belonged to other clusters and may not be indicative of depression. Conclusions In male prisoners > 35 years, a score of > 10 on the PHQ-9 over diagnoses depressive episodes but a score of > 10 on the GAD-7 may detect cases of GAD more efficiently. Further research utilising standardised psychiatric interviews is required to determine whether the diagnostic algorithm, a higher cut-off on the PHQ-9 or the profile of symptoms on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 used singly or in combination may be used to screen depressive episodes efficiently in prisoners.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescent Mental Health: Preliminary Findings From a Longitudinal Sample of Healthy and At-Risk Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsofia P. Cohen ◽  
Kelly T. Cosgrove ◽  
Danielle C. DeVille ◽  
Elisabeth Akeman ◽  
Manpreet K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought on far-reaching consequences for adolescents. Adolescents with early life stress (ELS) may be at particular risk. We sought to examine how COVID-19 impacted psychological functioning in a sample of healthy and ELS-exposed adolescents during the pandemic.Methods: A total of 24 adolescents (15 healthy, nine ELS) completed self-report measures prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The effect of COVID-19 on symptoms of depression and anxiety were explored using linear mixed-effect analyses.Results: With the onset of the pandemic, healthy but not ELS-exposed adolescents evidenced increased symptoms of depression and anxiety (ps < 0.05). Coping by talking with friends and prioritizing sleep had a protective effect against anxiety for healthy adolescents (t = −3.76, p = 0.002).Conclusions: On average, this study demonstrated large increases in depression and anxiety in adolescents who were healthy prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, while ELS-exposed adolescents evidenced high but stable symptoms over time.

scholarly journals Associations of immunometabolic risk factors with symptoms of depression and anxiety: The role of cardiac vagal activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy X. Hu ◽  
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx ◽  
Eco J.C. de Geus ◽  
Femke Lamers ◽  
Dora C.-H. Kuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Considering Depression and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Stefan Kindler ◽  
Marike Bredow-Zeden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorder ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Joint Disorder

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a painful functional disorder of the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated musculoskeletal structures of the head and neck. TMD is a type of chronic pain and is widely used as a model for chronic pain. The etiology of TMD pain is multifactorial. Biological, behavioral, environmental, social, emotional, and cognitive factors can contribute to TMD. TMD can manifest with musculoskeletal facial pain complaints and with different forms of jaw dysfunction. Biobehavioral studies suggest an association between TMD pain and coexisting psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. This chapter presents practical clinical recommendations on how to treat patients with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and TMD pain. The authors underline the importance of considering depression and anxiety as risk factors for TMD.

Risk Factors for Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety One Year Poststroke: A Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Kootker ◽  
Maria L. van Mierlo ◽  
Jan C. Hendriks ◽  
Judith Sparidans ◽  
Sascha M. Rasquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Toward a very brief self-report to assess the core symptoms of depression (VQIDS-SR5 )

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. De La Garza ◽  
A. John Rush ◽  
B. D. Grannemann ◽  
M. H. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Symptoms

The Two-Factor Structure of Sleep Complaints and Its Relation to Depression and Anxiety

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Koffel ◽  
David Watson
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

<p>Although sleep complaints are common in depression and anxiety, there is little agreement as to how they should be organized and assessed. It is also unclear whether sleep complaints show specificity with certain disorders or if they are nonspecific symptoms. We examined the structure of sleep complaints and the relations of these complaints to depression and anxiety in three samples: college students, older adults, and psychiatric patients. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that sleep complaints consistently defined two distinct dimensions: Insomnia and Lassitude. The Insomnia factor included indicators of early, middle, and late insomnia, as well as poor sleep quality. The Lassitude factor included measures of hypersomnia, fatigue, and sleepiness. Both factors were significantly related to symptoms and diagnoses of depression and anxiety. However, Lassitude was more strongly related to symptoms of depression and anxiety than was Insomnia. In addition, Lassitude showed specificity to measures and diagnoses of depression compared to anxiety disorders. This specificity can be explained by Lassitude’s relation with negative and positive emotionality, both of which are components of depression.</p>

scholarly journals 106EARLY LIFE RISK FACTORS FOR SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN LATER LIFE: ANALYSIS OF 4 COHORT STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i31-i31
Author(s):  
E V Backhouse ◽  
S D Shenkin ◽  
A McIntosh ◽  
I Deary ◽  
H Whalley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Life Analysis

scholarly journals The impact of perceived control on psychological distress and health behavior adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Kalon R. Eways ◽  
Kymberley K. Bennett ◽  
Kadie M. Harry ◽  
Jillian M.R. Clark ◽  
Elizabeth J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Symptoms of depression and anxiety have been shown to negatively impact physical health outcomes among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, an important step in developing interventions to reduce risk for cardiac event recurrence is to identify the emotional and cognitive predictors of psychological distress. This study examined one possible cognitive predictor: perceived control (PC). Specifically, this study tested whether symptoms of depression and anxiety mediate the relationship between PC and adherence to health behavior recommendations in patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.Methods: Self-report measures were administered to 146 CR patients at the beginning of CR and 12-weeks later, at the end of CR.Results: Anxiety and depressive symptoms did not mediate the relationship between PC and health behavior adherence. Rather, PC was cross-sectionally related to symptoms of psychological distress, and it predicted health behavior adherence 12-weeks later.Conclusions: Results imply that PC has long-term effects on health behavior adherence, an important outcome in CR that reduces risk for recurrence.

scholarly journals Previous prenatal loss as a predictor of perinatal depression and anxiety

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Robertson Blackmore ◽  
Denise Côté-Arsenault ◽  
Wan Tang ◽  
Vivette Glover ◽  
Jonathan Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Child ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Obstetric Factors ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPrenatal loss, the death of a fetus/child through miscarriage or stillbirth, is associated with significant depression and anxiety, particularly in a subsequent pregnancy.AimsThis study examined the degree to which symptoms of depression and anxiety associated with a previous loss persisted following a subsequent successful pregnancy.MethodData were derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort, a longitudinal cohort study in the west of England that has followed mothers from pregnancy into the postnatal period. A total of 13 133 mothers reported on the number and conditions of previous perinatal losses and provided self-report measures of depression and anxiety at 18 and 32 weeks' gestation and at 8 weeks and 8, 21 and 33 months postnatally. Controls for pregnancy outcome and obstetric and psychosocial factors were included.ResultsGeneralised estimating equations indicated that the number of previous miscarriages/stillbirths significantly predicted symptoms of depression (β = 0.18, s.e. = 0.07,P<0.01) and anxiety (β = 0.14, s.e. = 0.05,P<0.01) in a subsequent pregnancy, independent of key psychosocial and obstetric factors. This association remained constant across the pre- and postnatal period, indicating that the impact of a previous prenatal loss did not diminish significantly following the birth of a healthy child.ConclusionsDepression and anxiety associated with a previous prenatal loss shows a persisting pattern that continues after the birth of a subsequent (healthy) child. Interventions targeting women with previous prenatal loss may improve the health outcomes of women and their children.

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