Is screen time associated with anxiety or depression in young people? Results from a UK birth cohort

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, around one-third of young people are exposed to IPVA by 21 years old. However, types of IPVA victimisation in this population (psychological, physical, sexual), and their relationship with impact and perpetration are poorly understood.MethodsParticipants in a UK birth cohort reported IPVA victimisation and perpetration by age 21. We carried out a latent class analysis, where we categorised IPVA by types/frequency of victimisation, and then assigned individuals to their most probable class. Within these classes, we then estimated risks of reported: 1) types of negative impacts (sad, upset/unhappy, anxious, depressed, affected work/studies, angry/annoyed, drank/took drugs more); 2) types/frequency of perpetration.ResultsAmong 2,130 women and 1,149 men, 32% and 24% reported IPVA victimisation (of which 89% and 73% reported negative impact); 21% and 16% perpetration. Victimisation responses were well represented by five classes, including three apparent in both sexes: No-low victimisation (characterised by low probabilities of all types of victimisation; average probabilities of women and men belonging to this class were 82% and 70%); Mainly psychological (15% and 12%); Psychological & physical victimisation (4% and 7%), and two classes that were specific to women: Psychological & sexual (7%); Multi-victimisation (frequent victimisation for all three types; 4%). In women, all types of negative impact were most common in the Psychological & sexual and Multi-victimisation classes; for men, the Psychological & physical class. In women, all types of perpetration were most common for the Mainly psychological, Psychological & physical, and Multi-victimisation classes; in men, the Mainly psychological and Psychological & physical classes.DiscussionIn this study of young people, we found categories of co-occurrence of types and frequency of IPVA victimisation associated with differential risks of negative impact and perpetrating IPVA. This is consistent with emerging evidence of IPVA differentiation and its variable impact in other populations.

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Insulin resistance and obesity, and their association with depression in relatively young people: findings from a large UK birth cohort

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719000308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 556-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. I. Perry ◽

G. M. Khandaker ◽

S. Marwaha ◽

A. Thompson ◽

S. Zammit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Young People ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Longitudinal Associations ◽

And Gender

AbstractBackgroundDepression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people.MethodsUsing the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we used regression analyses to examine: (1) cross-sectional and (2) longitudinal associations between measures of DGIH [insulin resistance (IR); impaired glucose tolerance] and body mass index (BMI) at ages 9 and 18 years, and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode) at age 18 years and (3) whether sociodemographics, lifestyle factors or inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) at age 9 years] confounded any such associations.ResultsWe included 3208 participants. At age 18 years, IR and BMI were positively associated with depression. These associations may be explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. There were no longitudinal associations between DGIH/BMI and depression, and adjustment for IL-6 and C-reactive protein did not attenuate associations between IR/BMI and depression; however, the longitudinal analyses may have been underpowered.ConclusionsYoung people with depression show evidence of DGIH and raised BMI, which may be related to sociodemographic and lifestyle effects such as deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and gender. In future, studies with larger samples are required to confirm this. Preventative strategies for the poorer physical health outcomes associated with depression should focus on malleable lifestyle factors.

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Screen-time is associated with inattention problems in preschoolers: Results from the CHILD birth cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0213995 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. e0213995 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sukhpreet K. Tamana ◽

Victor Ezeugwu ◽

Joyce Chikuma ◽

Diana L. Lefebvre ◽

Meghan B. Azad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Screen Time ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Child Birth

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Is increased screen time associated with the development of anxiety or depression in young people?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.719 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S530-S531 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Khouja ◽

M. Munafò ◽

K. Tilling ◽

N. Wiles ◽

C. Joinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Screen Time ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Before And After ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour, specifically time spent taking part in screen-based activities, such as watching television, may be associated with mental health outcomes in young people [1]. However, recent reviews have found limited and conflicting evidence for both anxiety and depression [2].ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to explore associations between screen time at age 16 years and anxiety and depression at 18.MethodsSubjects (n = 1958) were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK-based prospective cohort study. We assessed associations between screen time (measured via questionnaire at 16 years) and anxiety and depression (measured in a clinic at 18 years using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule) using ordinal logistic regression, before and after adjustment for covariates (including sex, maternal education, family social class, parental conflict, bullying and maternal depression).ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, we found no evidence for an association between screen time and anxiety (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.95–1.09). There was weak evidence that greater screen time was associated with a small increased risk of depression (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.98–1.13).ConclusionsOur results suggest that young people who spend more time on screen-based activities may have a small increased risk of developing depression but not anxiety. Reducing youth screen time may lower the prevalence of depression. The study was limited by screen time being self-reported, a small sample size due to attrition and non-response, and the possibility of residual confounding. Reverse causation cannot be ruled out.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Kira Durham ◽

David Wethmar ◽

Susanne Brandstetter ◽

Birgit Seelbach-Göbel ◽

Christian Apfelbacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Screen Time ◽

Media Use ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Parent Report ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Early exposure to digital media may affect the physical and cognitive development in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics and national guidelines recommend no digital media use at all under the age of 18 months. The aim of our study was to determine the actual exposure to digital media in 12-month-old infants and to reveal potential risk factors for screen time.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional survey, data was collected from the KUNO Kids birth cohort study using parent-report questionnaires regarding the media exposure of the study child. We determined age at first contact with different digital media, mean screen time on an average weekday, and the influence of major demographic and socioeconomic factors.Results: Data for screen time analysis was available for 630 children. In summary, 45% of children had already been exposed to digital media by their first birthday. The most frequent first digital media exposure was the TV (33.0%) followed by smartphones (16.9%), both most commonly exposed to around the age of 8 months. On a regular weekday, 20% of the children spent 0.5–1 h in front of a TV and 9% were exposed to a smartphone for the same time frame, compared to 31% of joint parent-child media use. Predictors for screen time were having one sibling, less living space per person, and excessive TV use in the household, the latter of which doubled the chance of the child being exposed to digital media.Conclusion: A proportion of 10% of 1-year-old children were already regularly exposed to digital media. The TV remains the most predominant device but new media, particularly smartphones, might be catching up. Our study provides further support that family TV time is a major predictor of infant screen time. Pediatric recommendations should be re-evaluated in the light of the actual exposure to digital media already in infancy and parents should be proactively counseled regarding possible effects on child development.

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Area deprivation, screen time and consumption of food and drink high in fat salt and sugar (HFSS) in young people: results from a cross-sectional study in the UK

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e027333 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fiona Thomas ◽

Christopher Thomas ◽

Lucie Hooper ◽

Gillian Rosenberg ◽

Jyotsna Vohra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Screen Time ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Exposure ◽

Sugary Drinks ◽

The Uk

ObjectivesTo investigate associations between deprivation in young people and consumption of foods high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS), screen time exposure and health knowledge.DesignAn online cross-sectional survey with people aged 11–19 years in the UK, where participants reported consumption behaviours across 13 HFSS and two non-HFSS groups; screen time for commercial television and streaming services; and knowledge of health conditions and their links to obesity.SettingUKParticipantsA total of 3348 young people aged 11–19 years across the UK.Main outcome measuresThe study assessed the consumption behaviours, commercial screen time exposure and the health knowledge of 3348 people aged 11–19 years. Multivariate binary regression analysis, controlling for age and gender, was performed.ResultsDeprivation level was associated with increases in consumption of six of the HFSS products including energy drinks (OR: 2.943, p<0.001) and sugary drinks (OR: 1.938, p<0.001) and a reduction in consumption in the two non-HFSS products included in the study, fruit (OR: 0.668, p=0.004) and vegetables (OR: 0.306, p<0.001). Deprivation was associated with high weekly screen time of both television (OR: 2.477, p<0.001) and streaming (OR: 1.679, p=0.001). Health knowledge was also associated with deprivation. There was lower awareness of the association of obesity and cancer (OR: 0.697, p=0.003), type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.64, p=0.004) and heart disease (OR: 0.519, p<0.001) in the most deprived.ConclusionsYoung people from the more deprived areas of the UK were more likely to consume a range of HFSS products, report increased exposure to HFSS advertising and have a poorer awareness of health conditions associated with overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that population-level measures addressing childhood obesity should account for consumption patterns among different groups of children and young people and the factors that may influence these.

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Sedated by the Screen

Managing Screen Time in an Online Society - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8163-5.ch001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Lídia Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Screen Time ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Tablet Computer ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Use Of Time ◽

The Social ◽

Social Use

The social use of time has been progressively affected by the presence of screen devices in people's daily lives. These devices are of various types: television, tablet, computer, smartphones, etc. However, all of these have a power of seduction that makes people want to use them. In reality, a significant part of tasks are mediated by screens, whether they are playful tasks, socializing, work or training. In this chapter, the authors reflect on some quasi-paradoxical situations triggered by screen time, which shows that one is sedated by the screen. Then, they present the results of a systematic review of the literature focused on the concept of “screen time,” which shows that the excessive use of the screen is causing various health problems, especially in children and young people. And, the results of two empirical studies are presented, one with young people between 12 and 18 years old, and the other with university students. The results of both studies demonstrate the need to develop competences in the management of the social use of time, that is, to develop time literacy.

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Associations Between Screen-Time and Life Factors of One-Year-Olds: Results From the Largest Japanese Birth Cohort (The Japan Environment and Children's Study [JECS])

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3770669 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mai Fujii ◽

Yasuyuki Kawanishi ◽

Fusako Niwa ◽

Kyoko Hirabayashi ◽

Kumiko Tsuji Kanatani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Cohort ◽

Screen Time ◽

One Year

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Screen Time Engagement Is Increased in Urban Children With Asthma

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922817698801 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 1048-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alexandra P. Rota ◽

Leonard B. Bacharier ◽

Katy Jaffee ◽

Cynthia M Visness ◽

Meyer Kattan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Screen Time ◽

Urban Children ◽

Lifestyle Behaviors ◽

Children With Asthma

Physical activity in children has been shown to play a role in its relationship to asthma, both in terms of prevalence and incidence. One measure of physical activity in children is sedentary behavior, which might be measured by the degree of engagement with media electronic screens. We found that children with asthma, as compared with children without asthma, engage in significantly more hours of screen time (median 35 vs 26 h/wk, P = .004). In this birth cohort, those who developed a diagnosis of asthma at 8 years of age were significantly more engaged in electronic screen time than their peers. No other clinical or lifestyle behaviors were significantly associated with a diagnosis of asthma. Further study will be needed to determine directionality of this finding.

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