scholarly journals Insulin resistance and obesity, and their association with depression in relatively young people: findings from a large UK birth cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Perry ◽  
G. M. Khandaker ◽  
S. Marwaha ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
S. Zammit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Young People ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
And Gender

AbstractBackgroundDepression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people.MethodsUsing the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we used regression analyses to examine: (1) cross-sectional and (2) longitudinal associations between measures of DGIH [insulin resistance (IR); impaired glucose tolerance] and body mass index (BMI) at ages 9 and 18 years, and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode) at age 18 years and (3) whether sociodemographics, lifestyle factors or inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) at age 9 years] confounded any such associations.ResultsWe included 3208 participants. At age 18 years, IR and BMI were positively associated with depression. These associations may be explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. There were no longitudinal associations between DGIH/BMI and depression, and adjustment for IL-6 and C-reactive protein did not attenuate associations between IR/BMI and depression; however, the longitudinal analyses may have been underpowered.ConclusionsYoung people with depression show evidence of DGIH and raised BMI, which may be related to sociodemographic and lifestyle effects such as deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and gender. In future, studies with larger samples are required to confirm this. Preventative strategies for the poorer physical health outcomes associated with depression should focus on malleable lifestyle factors.

scholarly journals Association of Two Indices of Insulin Resistance Marker with Abnormal Liver Function Tests: A Cross-Sectional Population Study in Taiwanese Adults

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Adi Lukas Kurniawan ◽  
Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽  
Jane C.-J. Chao ◽  
Rathi Paramastri ◽  
Hsiu-An Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background and objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is frequently associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and has an important role as a mediator in the development of liver disease. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between two indexes of IR and abnormal liver function parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data of 41,510 men and 92,357 women aged ≥30 years from a private health screening institute in Taiwan. Two IR indexes namely triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio were used to examine their relationship to predict abnormal liver function parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). Results: Positive trend was shown for the association of TyG index in the highest quintile (Q5) and risk of high AST (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33–1.57), high ALT (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.73–1.97), high GGT (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.93–2.15), and high ALP (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.19) compared with the median quintile (Q3) in the fully adjusted model. Similarly, participants in the Q5 of the TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with 1.38 (95% CI: 1.27–1.49), 1.71 (95% CI: 1.61–1.82), 1.75 (95% CI: 1.66–1.84), and 1.21 (1.16–1.27) odds for having high AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP respectively. The AUC (95% CI) value of the TyG index for predicting high AST, high ALT, and high GGT was 0.699 (0.692–0.705), 0.738 (0.734–0.742), and 0.752 (0.749–0.755), respectively. Meanwhile, the AUC (95% CI) of the TG/HDL-C ratio for predicting high AST, high ALT, and high GGT was 0.680 (0.673–0.686), 0.738 (0.734–0.742), 0.734 (0.731–0.738), respectively. Conclusions: Our study supported that the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio may be useful as non-invasive methods to predict the existence of impaired liver function in the early stage.

scholarly journals The Role of Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 to Lipolysis, Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Indonesian Non-Diabetic Obese Male

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Yani Lina ◽  
Gatot Susilo Lawrence ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Suryani As'ad
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

BACKGROUND: Obesity is commonly associated with a systemic low grade inflammation and insulin resistance state. Although it is still being debated, increased lipolysis is known as one of the risk factors for inflammation and insulin resistance. Two factors already known to affect lipolysis are Angptl3, known as prolipolytic factor, and FGF21, known as antilipolytic factor. The aim of this study was to observe the role of Angptl3 and FGF21 to lipolysis, inflammation and insulin resistance in non diabetic obese male.METHODS: This was an observational study with cross sectional design. One hundred and thirty male subjects aged 30-60 years with non diabetic abdominal obesity characterized by waist circumference 97.32±5.63 cm and fasting blood glucose 90.19±8.78 mg/dL.RESULTS: The results of this study showed a correlation between Angptl3-FFA (r=0.203; p=0.021; R square=0.041; p=0.021), Angptl3-FABP4 (r=0.330; p=0.000; R square=0.109; p=0.000) and Angptl3-TNFα (r=0.288; p=0.001; R square=0.049; p=0.011). There was a correlation between FGF21-FABP4 (r=0.218, p=0.013; R square=0.047, p=0.013) and FGF21 HOMA-IR (r=0.308, p=0.000; R square=0.046, p=0.014).CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Angptl3 may affect lipolysis and inflammation while FGF21 may affect lipolysis and insulin resistance. The increased FGF21 concentration might occur as a compensation (negative feedback mechanism) to reduce lipolysis and increase insulin sensitivity in non diabetic obese males. Further studies might be needed to observe Angptl3 and FGF21 profile in more severe obese population in Indonesia.KEYWORDS: obesity, lipolysis, inflammation, insulin resistance

scholarly journals Age at identification, prevalence and general health of children with autism: observational study of a whole country population

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e025904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Rydzewska ◽  
Laura Anne Hughes-McCormack ◽  
Christopher Gillberg ◽  
Angela Henderson ◽  
Cecilia MacIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Young People ◽  
General Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
General Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesReported childhood prevalence of autism varies considerably between studies and over time, and general health status has been little investigated. We aimed to investigate contemporary prevalence of reported autism by age, and general health status of children/young people with and without autism.DesignSecondary analysis of Scotland’s Census, 2011 data. Cross-sectional study.SettingGeneral population of Scotland.ParticipantsAll children (n=916 331) and young people (n=632 488) in Scotland.Main outcome measuresNumber (%) of children/young people reported to have autism and their general health status; prevalence of autism; prevalence of poor health (fair, bad and very bad health); odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of autism predicting poor health, adjusted for age and gender and OR for age and gender in predicting poor health within the population with reported autism.ResultsAutism was reported for 17 348/916 331 (1.9%) children aged 0–15, and 7715/632 488 (1.2%) young people aged 16–24. The rate increased to age 11 in boys and age 10 in girls, reflecting age at diagnosis. Prevalence was 2.8% at age 10 (4.4% for boys; 1.1% for girls), and 2.9% at age 11 (4.5% for boys; 1.1% for girls). 22.0% of children and 25.5% of young people with autism reported poor health, compared with 2.0% and 4.4% without autism. Autism had OR=11.3 (11.0 to 11.7) in predicting poor health. Autistic females had poorer health than autistic males, OR=1.6 (1.5 to 1.8).ConclusionAccurate information on the proportion of autistic children and their health status is essential plan appropriate prevention and intervention measures and provide resources for those who may put demand on services designed for autistic people.

scholarly journals What is the prevalence, and what are the clinical correlates, of insulin resistance in young people presenting for mental health care? A cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e025674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Scott ◽  
Joanne S Carpenter ◽  
Frank Iorfino ◽  
Shane P M Cross ◽  
Daniel F Hermens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age

ObjectivesTo report the distribution and predictors of insulin resistance (IR) in young people presenting to primary care-based mental health services.DesignCross-sectional.SettingHeadspace-linked clinics operated by the Brain and Mind Centre of the University of Sydney.Participants768 young people (66% female, mean age 19.7±3.5, range 12–30 years).Main outcome measuresIR was estimated using the updated homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2-IR). Height and weight were collected from direct measurement or self-report for body mass index (BMI).ResultsFor BMI, 20.6% of the cohort were overweight and 10.2% were obese. However, <1% had an abnormally high fasting blood glucose (>6.9 mmol/L). By contrast, 9.9% had a HOMA2-IR score >2.0 (suggesting development of IR) and 11.7% (n=90) had a score between 1.5 and 2. Further, there was a positive correlation between BMI and HOMA2-IR (r=0.44, p<0.001). Participants in the upper third of HOMA2-IR scores are characterised by younger age, higher BMIs and depression as a primary diagnosis. HOMA2-IR was predicted by younger age (β=0.19, p<0.001) and higher BMI (β=0.49, p<0.001), together explaining 22% of the variance (F(2,361)=52.1, p<0.001).ConclusionsEmerging IR is evident in a significant subgroup of young people presenting to primary care-based mental health services. While the major modifiable risk factor is BMI, a large proportion of the variance is not accounted for by other demographic, clinical or treatment factors. Given the early emergence of IR, secondary prevention interventions may need to commence prior to the development of full-threshold or major mood or psychotic disorders.

scholarly journals Low-Grade Inflammation, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 4569-4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herder ◽  
Sophie Schneitler ◽  
Wolfgang Rathmann ◽  
Burkhard Haastert ◽  
Heiko Schneitler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Context: Low-grade inflammation is associated with insulin resistance and precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults, but there are no comparable data in youth. Objective: The objective of the study was to characterize the pattern of subclinical immune activation that is associated with indices of obesity and insulin resistance in youth and analyze whether this association is explained by obesity. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: Medical check-up of schoolchildren was conducted by the Public Health Office in Düsseldorf (Germany). Participants: Participants included 519 adolescents (mean age 15.5 ± 0.8 yr). Main Outcome Measures: Measures included body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as indices of obesity; fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and adiponectin as immunological variables. Results: In age-, sex-, and lipid-adjusted analyses, IL-6, IL-18, IP-10, and adiponectin (inversely) were associated with both BMI and WC (all P ≤ 0.002). None of the immune markers was related to glucose, but IL-6, IL-18, and adiponectin (inversely) were associated with insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in age- and sex-adjusted models. Adjustment for BMI or WC indicated that a considerable proportion of these associations may be mediated by obesity. Conclusions: We found that a differential low-grade immune activation is associated with parameters of obesity in adolescents. Moreover, there is evidence that IL-6, IL-18, IP-10, and adiponectin (inversely) are associated with insulin resistance and that these associations can mainly be attributed to obesity.

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