Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis and factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes in Tigray, Ethiopia: a ten-year retrospective cross sectional study

Abstract Background Childhood TB is an indicator of a recent transmission of the disease in a community and it is estimated to constitute 15–20% of all TB cases in many of developing countries. However, only few studies which dominated by industrial countries were engaged to assess the situation. Therefore, this study was aimed to see epidemiology of childhood TB and factors associated with poor treatment outcome in developing country. Method Using retrospective cross-sectional study design; Socio-demographic and clinical data of children aged less than 15 years old, treated for all forms of TB in the past 10 years (2007–2016) was collected from randomly selected eight public hospitals of Tigray. Then, Univariate logistic regression and adjusted multivariate logistic regressions was done to identify variables which had association with unsuccessful treatment outcomes at P-value less than 0.05. Result In the past 10 years, a total of 13,345 Tuberculosis cases were observed. Of these, 1086 (8.1%) cases were children aged less than 15 years old. Sixty seven (6.2%) cases were smear positive. Among those that tested for HIV, 69 (8.3%) cases were TB/HIV co-infected. Of those with treatment outcome record 746 (88.7%) were successfully treated. Factors like being female (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07–3.00), Age 0–5 years (AOR, 3.35; 95% CI, 2.11–5.33), Unknown HIV status (AOR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.51–3.95) and pulmonary positive case (AOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.13–5.77), were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcome than their counterparts. Conclusion In Tigray 8.1% all TB cases were children age less than 15 years old. Childhood TB treatment outcome varied with sex, age and HIV status.

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Prevalence and Factors Associated With HIV Self-testing Uptake Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Ningbo, China: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76060/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hang Hong ◽

Hong-bo Shi ◽

Hai-bo Jiang ◽

Hong-jun Dong ◽

Yun-liang Shen

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Self Testing ◽

Sex With Men

Abstract BackgroundHIV testing and early linkage to care are critical for reducing the risk of HIV transmission. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an useful tool for increasing HIV testing frequency.This study aimed to investigate HIVST rates among men who have sex with men (MSM), the characteristics of MSM who had HIVST, and factors associated with HIVST uptake among MSM in Ningbo, China. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2019 in Ningbo,China. Participants were aged at least 18 years and having had sexual contact with men in the past year. Proportions were used for categorical variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for characteristics associated with HIVST uptake was processed by multiple logistic regression models.ResultsAmong a sample of 699 MSM recruited, 38.2% had reported previous use of an HIV self-test kit. A greater proportion of HIVST Users had a higher frequency of HIV testing(≥2 times: 70.0% versus 41.2%, p<0.001) in the past one year. Factor associated with HIVST uptake was gay apps use(AOR=1.86,CI=1.13-3.05), multiple male sex partners (AOR=1.90,CI=1.29-2.80), frequency of male-male sexual contact ≥1 times per week(AOR=1.86, CI=1.30-2.66), syphilis infection(AOR=5.48, CI=2.53-11.88).ConclusionsFurther HIVST education should be strengthened for school-aged children and teenagers, and free HIVST kits may be provided to low-income high-risk MSM through gay apps and NGOs to achieve the increased HIV testing frequency.

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Study of treatment outcome of tuberculosis among HIV co-infected patients: a cross sectional study in Aurangabad city, Maharashtra

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 4466 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prashant D. Warkari ◽

Mahavir P. Nakel ◽

Swati M. Mahajan ◽

Sangita A. Adchitre

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Important Conclusion

Background: Tuberculosis is the most common presenting illness among people living with HIV, including those who are taking anti-retroviral treatment. There were an estimated 1.2 million HIV positive new TB cases globally in 2014. Around 74% of these infected people live in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim and objectives were to study the treatment outcome of tuberculosis among HIV co-infected patients; to assess the outcome of TB treatment in TB patients with respect to their HIV status and to study the underlying factors influencing the outcome rates. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and conducted in Municipal Corporation area, Aurangabad. For this study, HIV co-infected patients registered at city Tuberculosis Centre, Aurangabad were noted and thus information only on TB-HIV status of patients was collected. Results: In this study majority of the study participants were in the age group between 35 and 49 years (45.98%); which is in the reproductive age group. HIV-TB co-infected in this region was mostly males (60.92%). Conclusions: Important conclusion of the study is that very few patients got cured off TB among TB-HIV co-infected patients. One of the reasons could be immunosuppression of HIV patients make them vulnerable for getting active TB and its rapid progression. All the rates i.e. death, default & transfer rate are all above the standard rate i.e. 5% as per RNTCP guidelines.

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Survival status and factors associated with treatment outcome of severely malnourished children admitted to Ayder referral hospital: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-017-0186-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mengistu Girma Tirore ◽

Tesfay Mehari Atey ◽

Haftay Berhane Mezgebe

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Survival Status ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Ayder Referral Hospital

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Factors Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A275-A276

Author(s):

Julie-Catherine Coll ◽

Élodie Garceau ◽

Laëtitia Michou ◽

S John Weisnagel ◽

Fabrice Mac-Way ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Z Score ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

T Score ◽

The Past

Abstract Context: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a two- to threefold increase in fracture risk at any site, and up to a sevenfold increase in hip fracture risk compared to those without diabetes. The mechanisms accounting for this bone fragility are not yet fully understood. Objectives: 1) To determine factors associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with T1D; 2) To assess the association between skin advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and low BMD in patients with T1D. Methods: These are preliminary data from patients with T1D included in a cross-sectional study aiming at comparing the prevalence of vertebral fractures between adult patients with T1D from two tertiary care centers and age- and sex-matched controls without diabetes. Patients were eligible if they were aged ≥20 years and had a diagnosis of T1D for at least 5 years. Patients were classified as having a low BMD if Z-score was ≤-2.0 at any site (lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, radius) in patients aged <50 years or if T-score was ≤-1.0 at any site in patients aged ≥50 years or in postmenopausal women. Skin AGEs (surrogate marker of overall including bone AGEs) were measured by skin autofluorescence (AGE Reader ®). Unpaired t-tests or Chi-squared tests were used to compare characteristics between patients with or without a low BMD. Variables associated with a low BMD were determined by univariate analysis and were subsequently included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis if p<0.1 in the univariate analysis. All variables were tested for multicollinearity. Results: 106 patients with T1D were included (mean age 45.2±15.0 years; mean BMI 26.3±5.1 kg/m2; 54.7% women; mean duration of diabetes 28.2±13.6 years; 44.3% with a microvascular complication). Mean HbA1C over the past 3 years was 7.5±0.8%. A third of the patients (31.1%) had a low BMD (3 patients using Z-score; 30 patients using T-score). Patients with a low BMD were older (58.3 vs 39.3 years, p<0.001), had a lower mean HbA1C over the past 3 years (7.3% vs 7.6%, p=0.047), a longer diabetes duration (36.1 vs 24.6 years, p<0.001), higher skin AGEs (2.50 vs 2.03, p<0.001), a higher prevalence of microvascular complications (63.6% vs 37.7%, p=0.02) and a higher prevalence of abnormal albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR ≥2.0) on the day of assessment (38.7% vs 11.8%, p=0.003). In multivariate regression analysis, age (p<0.001), abnormal ACR (p=0.003) and lower mean HbA1C over the past 3 years (p=0.02) remained significantly associated with a low BMD. Skin AGEs were correlated with age (r=0.56) and diabetes duration (r=0.47). Conclusion: In this population with T1D, a low BMD was independently associated with older age, abnormal ACR and, unexpectedly, with a lower mean HbA1C over the past 3 years, but not with skin AGEs.

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Factors associated with utilisation of university health centre services by students

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172145 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1858

Author(s):

Abdullah Alkhawaldeh

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illness ◽

University Students ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Health Centre ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past

Background: Little is known about the factors that are associated with students’ utilisation of university health centre services. The current study examines factors associated with utilisation of university health centre services by students.Methods: Data were collected from 440 university students using a cross-sectional study design and self-reported questionnaire.Results: University health centre services were utilised by 147 (39.5%) of the students in the past 6 months. Utilisation of university health centre services was associated with gender, faculty, tobacco use and chronic illnesses. The main predictor of university health centre services utilisation at 6 months was chronic illnesses (OR=4.205).Conclusions: Although several factors were associated with university health centre services utilisation, chronic illness was the most important predictor.

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Factors associated with domestic violence in the Lahu hill tribe of northern Thailand: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248587

Author(s):

Nicharuch Panjaphothiwat ◽

Ratipark Tamornpark ◽

Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽

Prapamon Seeprasert ◽

Onnalin Singkhorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Family Member ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Financial Problems ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Hill Tribe

Background Domestic violence significantly affects physical and mental health, particularly among children, women, and the elderly. Living in certain family environments could lead to victimization by domestic violence, especially among families with a poor socioeconomic status, such as the Lahu hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with domestic violence among Lahu children, women, and the elderly. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of participants who belonged to the Lahu hill tribe and lived in 20 selected villages in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire was used to collect personal information and information regarding experiences related to domestic violence in the past year from children (aged 5–15 years), women (aged 16–59 years), and the elderly (aged 60 years and over). A binary logistic regression was used to detect associations between the variables. Results A total of 646 participants were recruited into the study, specifically, 98 children aged 5–15 years, 430 women aged 16–59 years, and 118 elderly people. Children who smoked (AOR = 8.70; 95%CI = 1.27–59.45) had greater odds of experiencing domestic violence than children who did not smoke. Women who had a role as a family member (AOR = 1.59; 95%CI = 1.02–2.50), used alcohol (AOR = 3.36; 95%CI = 2.27–4.99), lived in a family with financial problems (AOR = 4.01; 95%CI = 2.52–7.66), and lived with a family member who uses alcohol (AOR = 2.87; 95%CI = 2.20–5.63) had greater odds of suffering domestic violence than women who did not share these characteristics. The elderly who used alcohol (AOR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.08–9.81), lived with a family member who uses alcohol (AOR = 3.31; 95%CI = 1.26–7.34), or lived in a family with financial problems in the past year (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI = 1.16–8.77) had greater odds of facing domestic violence than the elderly who did not have these characteristics. Conclusion Family financial problems and substance use are associated with domestic violence in Lahu families in Thailand. Health interventions to reduce the use of substances, including training programs to respond to domestic violence, should be promoted for Lahu children, women, and the elderly.

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Prevalence And Factors Associated With Depression Among Adults With Sickle Cell Disease at Mulago Hospital, Uganda: a Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-104883/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Mubangizi ◽

Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu ◽

Ismael Kawooya ◽

Christine Sekaggya-wiltshire

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mulago Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract BACKGROUND Depression among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is under diagnosed and undertreated due to the overlap of symptoms and signs of SCD and depression. The study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adults attending the SCD out-patient clinic in Mulago Hospital, Uganda. METHODS This was a cross sectional study in which 255 adults with SCD were enrolled. Participants were evaluated for depression using the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a score of 6 was considered diagnostic of depression. Demographic data was collected with a pre-tested study questionnaire. Perceived social support was measured using the 12-item multidimensional social support scale and, self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Blood samples were taken to obtain a complete blood count. Modified poisson regression analyses were used to determine associations of depression. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was 68.2% (95% C.I; 62–74) with a median age of 21 years. The factors independently associated with depression were pain crisis in the last month (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07, p = 0.001), history of a hospital admission in the past 6 months (PR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.012), formal education (PR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97, P = 0.008) and a low social support rating (PR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.84, P = 0.0019) CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression in adults with SCD is high with up to two thirds of patients having some form of depression. The major risk factors were low level of education, low social support, pain crises in the past month and hospital admissions in the last 6 months.

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Gender Perspective of Risk Factors Associated with Disclosure of HIV Status, a Cross-Sectional Study in Soweto, South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0095440 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e95440 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Elisa Longinetti ◽

Michele Santacatterina ◽

Ziad El-Khatib

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gender Perspective ◽

Factors Associated

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Factors Associated with Intention to Donate Blood: Sociodemographic and Past Experience Variables

Journal of Blood Transfusion ◽

10.1155/2014/571678 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Pule Ishmael Pule ◽

Boitshwarelo Rachaba ◽

Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas Magafu ◽

Dereje Habte

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Past ◽

Life Saving ◽

Donated Blood

Background and Objectives. This study was conducted to assess the level of intention of the general public towards blood donation and the factors associated with it. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in South-East Botswana amongst participants aged 21–65 years. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was completed for 384 participants. Results. Of the 384 participants, 104 (27.1%) reported that they had donated blood in the past and 269 (70.1%) stated that they were willing to donate blood in the future. Thirteen out of the 104 past donors (12.5%) reported that they had donated blood in the 12 months preceding the survey and only 10 (9.6%) participants reported that they have been regular donors. In the backward logistic regression analysis, the variables that remained significant predictors of the intention to donate blood were secondary education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.92 (1.48, 5.77)), tertiary education (AOR (95% CI): 3.83 (1.52, 9.62)), and knowing a family member who had ever donated blood (AOR (95% CI): 2.84 (1.58, 5.12)). Conclusion. Being informed about blood transfusion and its life-saving benefits through either the education system or the experience made people more likely to intend to donate blood. Evidence-based interventions to retain blood donors as regular donors are recommended.

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