Nearly three in every five prisoners experience common mental disorders (CMDs) in Jimma correctional institution; south-West Ethiopia

Abstract Background Millions of people are currently suffering from some form of mental disorders. The prevalence of common disorders is twofold higher in prison than general population and the condition is found to be worst in African in general and Ethiopia in particular. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and its correlates among prisoners in Jimma town correctional institution; Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted enrolling 300 prisoners. The participants were recruited using systematic random sampling technique. The World health organization Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) scale; was adapted to assess prevalence of mental disorders. Data were collected on interviewer administered basis by trained personnel. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 for widows was used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was conducted to identify the independent predictors of common mental disorders. P-value less than 5% was considered to indicate significant associations. Results The prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 62.70, 95% CI; [57.30, 68.50]. Prisoners who had monthly income of 1500-3000birr, AOR = 3.30, 95% CI; [1.25, 8.69] and above 3000birr; AOR = 4.75, 95% CI; [1.57, 14.33], family history of mental illness; AOR = 6.14, 95% CI; [1.65, 22.79] and who ever used Khat; AOR = 4.33, 95% CI; [2.02, 9.27] were more likely to experience common mental disorders. Conversely; having some sort of work in prison; AOR = 0.25, 95% CI; [0.12, 0.54], perceived moderate social support; AOR = 0.094, 95% CI; [0.04–0.215] and perceived moderate strong; AOR = 0.025, 95% CI; [0.009, 0.07] were found to be protective factors. Conclusion Prevalence of common mental disorder was considerably high as nearly more than three in every five prisoner experience some form of the disorder. Early screening of prisoners up on their arrival, appropriate treatment and follow up should be done. Furthermore; creating prison based jobs that could bring prisoners together and encouraging positive relationships to build social supports as coping strategy is required.

Download Full-text

Common mental disorders among women of reproductive age group in an urban area in Bengaluru

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1768

Author(s):

Ramya K. Sathyanarayana ◽

Shashikala Manjunatha

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Common mental disorders are commonly encountered in community settings, especially in women. The somatic symptoms often lead to repeated visits to health care practitioners without resolution of the problem. The knowledge of magnitude of common mental disorders and their associated factors has proved useful in psychiatric epidemiological research.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 480 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group using self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20), a validated tool developed by World Health Organisation. A standard cut-off score of 7 was used to identify women with common mental disorder. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and suitable tests of significance in statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) v. 21.0.Results: The prevalence of common mental disorder was found to be 33.5% in the present study. Analysis showed that various socio-demographic characteristics of women like lower educational levels of women, widowed women, and women belonging to lower socio-economic class, belonging to joint family, lower body mass index had statistically significant association with common mental disorders.Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of common mental disorders was high (33.5%) among the women of reproductive age group and there existed statistically significant association between common mental disorders and various socio demographic determinants.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and determinants of Common Mental Disorder among pregnant women In Debre Berhan town: Highland in Central Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29315/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew ◽

Gashaw Andargie Biks ◽

Abate Dargie Wubetu

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Debre Berhan ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

Abstract Introduction: The high prevalence of antenatal mental disorders in Sub-Saharan African countries is poorly understood. Pregnancy and childbirth are gaining recognition as significant risk factors for the development and exacerbation of mental health problems. In low- and lower-middle income countries about one in six pregnant women are experiencing antenatal common mental disorders (CMD). Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) among pregnant women in Debre Berhan town, North Showa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was employed among 569 participants. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with Amharic version of Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) from seven selected kebeles. Kebeles were selected by simple random sampling and individuals were selected using cluster sampling. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis and the level of significance for association was determined with 95% CI and at P- value < 0.05. Result: A total 557 study participants were completed the interview and the prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder was found to be 45.2%. Loss of loved one (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.19–3.27), history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 6.57; 95% CI: 2.17–19.94), unwanted pregnancy (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.15–3.95), nulliparity (AOR = 8.71; 95% CI: 1.58–47.94), one or less ANC consultations (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08–0.64), two-three ANC consultations (AOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11–0.83) and current obstetric complications (AOR = 4.45; 95% CI: 2.21–8.99) were important factors significantly associated with antenatal common mental disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of antenatal common mental disorder (CMD) was high in this study that shows antenatal CMD is significant public health issue that requires a great emphasis. So, early screening and intervention for antenatal CMD should be integrated in primary health care and antenatal care service settings.

Download Full-text

Common mental disorders and its determinants among epileptic patients at an outpatient epileptic clinic in Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

International Journal of Mental Health Systems ◽

10.1186/s13033-019-0333-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mengesha Birkie Wubie ◽

Mogesie Necho Alebachew ◽

Asmare Belete Yigzaw

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epileptic Patients

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that is highly predisposed to a variety of mental health problems due to its huge biological, social and psychological burdens. Despite this, there is a paucity of research in this area. Therefore, assessing common mental disorders and its determinants among epileptic patients would be of great importance. Objective This study was aimed to asses prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among people with epilepsy attending Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods Institutional based analytic cross-sectional study design was utilized from January to February 2019 at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital among 422 epileptic patients who were diagnosed clinically and on follow up treatment. Systematic random sampling was applied to recruit participants. Interviewer based and pretested Self Reporting Questionnaire‐20 was used to screen common mental illness with a cut-off point 7 and above as having a common mental disorder. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% CI were computed and variables with p < 0.05 in the final model were considered as associated factors for common mental disorders. Result Four hundred twenty-two patients with epilepsy were included in our study with a response rate of 100% and 64.5% were males. The mean age of participants was 59 ± 13.37 years. Common mental disorder among epileptic patients was found to be 35.8%. There was a statistically significant association between marital status, comorbid medical illness, nicotine dependence, alcohol misuse, and medication non-adherence with common mental disorders at p < 0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of common mental distress was high (35.8%) suggesting that it is a public health issue. Marital status, comorbid medical illness, nicotine dependence, alcohol misuse, and medication non-adherence were the factors having an association with a common mental disorder. Therefore, early screening and recognition of mental distress symptoms should be a routine activity while managing epileptic patients.

Download Full-text

COMMON MENTAL DISORDER AMONG ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-07072017004480015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roselma Lucchese ◽

◽

Paloma Cinthia Duarte Silva ◽

Tainara Catozzi Denardi ◽

Rodrigo Lopes de Felipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of the probability of common mental disorders among abusers of alcohol and other drugs. Method: a cross-sectional study. The sample was made up of 234 individuals undergoing treatment and rehabilitation for chemical dependence in private clinics and in a Psychosocial Care Center in the Southeast area of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Instruments on sociodemographic profile, use of licit and/or illicit drugs, and a questionnaire that tracks common mental suffering were applied. Results: the outcome variable was the probability of common mental disorder, with 37.2% of the total of the sample. Association between the probability of common mental disorders and the female gender (odds ratio=4.06; 95% CI 1.56-10.56), age ≤25 years old (odds ratio=3.00; 95% CCI 1.41-6.38), and use of marijuana in life (odds ratio=2.83; 95% CI 1.38-5.78) were found. Conclusion: the study showed an association between the use and abuse of drugs and risk for common mental disorders.

Download Full-text

Association between common mental disorders and quality of life in older adults

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Edison Vitório de Souza Júnior ◽

Diego Pires Cruz ◽

Lais Reis Siqueira ◽

Randson Souza Rosa ◽

Cristiane dos Santos Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between common mental disorder and quality of life in older adults. Method: cross-sectional study developed with a total of 721 Brazilian older adults between July and October 2020. Participants completed three instruments to assess bio sociodemographic, mental health and quality of life data. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression tests, considering a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) for all analyses. Results: among the four components that assess common mental disorder, only three remained associated with negative coefficients with the participants’ general quality of life: depressive-anxious mood (β = −2.050; [CI95% = −2.962 – −1.137]; p < 0.001); decrease in vital energy (β = −1.460; [CI95% = −2.197 – −0.723]; p < 0.001) and depressive thoughts (β = −4.124; [CI95% = −5.211– −3.038]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: most components that assess common mental disorders are negatively associated with quality of life, that is, the increase in these disorders resulted in a reduction in the quality of life of older adults.

Download Full-text

Magnitude of Common Mental Disorder and Factors Associated Among People Living in Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2018: Community Based Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-863647/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yodit Habtamu ◽

Kalikidan Admasu ◽

Mikiyas Tullu ◽

Alem Kebede

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Medical Illness

Abstract Background: Common mental disorders are a group of distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms, affecting individuals in different age groups, causes suffering to the individuals, families and community.Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of Common mental disorder and associated factors among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted from November 1 to 30, 2018 among people living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to get a total of 755 samples. Common Mental Disorder was assessed through interview using Self-Reported questionnaire (SRQ-20). The collected data were coded, entered into EPI-Info 7 and analysed by using SPPS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedure; bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval was employed. The statistical significance was accepted at p value < 0.05. Result: In this study a total of 723 study subjects were participated, with response rate of 95.7%.The prevalence of common mental disorders was 24.7% with [95%CI; 21.6 – 27.7]. Females (AOR=2.1; 95% CI; 1.39- 3.23), Divorced/widowed (AOR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.16- 5.59), daily labourers (AOR=2.52; 95% CI; 1.3- 4.88, chronic medical illness (AOR=4.5; 95% CI; 2.46- 8.24). are independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary and diploma)was positively associated with CMD. in this study. Regarding education (primary, secondary and diploma) (AOR=0.34; 95% CI; 0.17-0.66)and (AOR=0.35; 95% CI; 0.19-0.67) has positively associated with common mental disorders.Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental disorders was found high. Female sex, marital status like Divorced/Widowed, daily labour workers and chronic medical illness were found to be independent predictors of CMD and educational status (primary, secondary school and diploma holders) was were found to be protective factors

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Stigma of Postpartum Common Mental Disorders in the Gurage Region of Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Observational Cohort Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sophia Monaghan ◽

Meseret Ayalew Akale ◽

Bete Demeke ◽

Gary L. Darmstadt

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Low Income ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

World Health ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

Objectives: Mental disorders are vastly underdiagnosed in low-income countries that disproportionately affect women. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of common mental disorders in newly postpartum women, and stigma associated with mental health reporting in an Ethiopian community using a validated World Health Organization survey.Methods: The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) for psychological distress was administered in Amharic by nurses to 118 women aged 18–37 years who had given birth in the prior 3 months in the Glenn C. Olsen Memorial Primary Hospital in Yetebon. Mental health stigma among the four nursing staff was assessed using Link and Phelan's Components of Stigma.Results: Among 118 women surveyed, 18% had a probable common mental disorder using the SRQ 4/5 cutoff and 2% admitted to suicidal thoughts. Presence of stigma in the healthcare staff was verified, including labeling, stereotyping, separating, and status loss and discrimination.Conclusion: Postpartum mental health disorders as well as stigma against such diagnoses are common in the Yetebon community. There is an urgent need for increased availability of properly trained and supervised healthcare staff in the identification and referral of postpartum women with common mental disorders.

Download Full-text

Common mental disorder among family carers of demented older people in Brazil

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-040010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 402-407

Author(s):

Evelise Saia Rodolpho Duarte ◽

Liciane Vaz de Arruda Silveira ◽

Vanessa de Albuquerque Cítero ◽

Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorder ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Population Aging ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: Population aging is a global phenomenon associated with a rising prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases such as dementia. Dementia poses a challenge not only for patients but also their family caregivers who, in exercising this role, are at higher risk of mental illness. The present study investigated the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in family caregivers of demented elderly seen at a geriatric outpatient clinic of a Brazilian teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the following assessment instruments were applied: the Self Reporting Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination (caregivers aged ≥65 years) plus a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The sample comprised 90 caregivers; 83 (92.2%) women, 51 (56.7%) married, 60 (66.7%) son/daughter of elder and 62 (68.6%) holding another job besides caring for the demented elder. Caregivers had a mean age of 57.3 (±11.7) years and mean education of 9.5 (±4.9) years; 62.2% of caregivers were diagnosed with common mental disorder, 50% exhibited anxiety symptoms, 52.2% depression symptoms and 66.7% reported burden. Caregivers with common mental disorder had higher scores on the anxiety, depression and burden scales (p<0.01). Logistic regression showed that caregivers with anxiety symptoms were 15 times more likely to present common mental disorder (OR: 15.0; 95% CI: 3.5-71.2) and caregivers with symptoms of depression were 8 times more likely to have CMD (OR: 8.0; 95% CI: 2.1-31.1). Conclusion: Results revealed a high prevalence of common mental disorder in the population studied.

Download Full-text

Social support and common mental disorder among medical students

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1415-790x201400010018eng ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 229-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adriano Gonçalves Silva ◽

Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos Cerqueira ◽

Maria Cristina Pereira Lima

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Medical Students ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Medical School ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: Different kinds of psychological distress have been identified for students in the health field, especially in the medical school. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of mental suffering among medical students in the Southeastern Brazil and asses its association with social support. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study. Structured questionnaires were applied for students from the 1st up to the 6th years of the medical school of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", assessing demographic variables related to aspects of graduation and adaptation to the city. Psychological suffering was defined as a common mental disorder (CMD) assessed by the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Social support was assessed by the social support scale of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). The association between the outcome and explanatory variables was assessed by the χ2 test and Logistic Regression, for the multivariate analyses, using p < 0.05. RESULTS: The response rate was of 80.7%, with no differences between sample and the population regarding gender (p = 0.78). The average age was 22 years old (standard deviation - SD = 2.2), mainly women (58.2%) and students who were living with friends (62%). The prevalence of CMD was 44.9% (95%CI 40.2 - 49.6). After the multivariate analyses, the explanatory variables that were associated with CMD were: feeling rejected in the past year (p < 0.001), thinking about leaving medical school (p < 0.001) and "interaction" in the MOS scale (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CMD among medical students was high and insufficient social support was an important risk factor. Our findings suggest that interventions to improve social interaction among those students could be beneficial, decreasing the prevalence of CMD in this group.

Download Full-text

Associations between common mental disorders and the Mental Illness Needs Index in community settings

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.106.027458 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 191 (2) ◽

pp. 158-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

David L. Fone ◽

Frank Dunstan ◽

Ann John ◽

Keith Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Small Area ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Service Planning ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Community Settings

BackgroundThe relationship between the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) and the common mental disorders is not known.AimsTo investigate associations between the small-area MINI score and common mental disorder at individual level.MethodMental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory of the Short Form 36 instrument (SF-36). Data from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs population survey were analysed in multilevel models of 10 653 individuals aged 18–74 years nested within the 2001 UK census geographies of 110 lower super output areas and 33 wards.ResultsThe MINI score was significantly associated with common mental disorder after adjusting for individual risk factors. This association was stronger at the smaller spatial scale of the lower super output area and for individuals who were permanently sick or disabled.ConclusionsThe MINI is potentially useful for small-area needs assessment and service planning for common mental disorder in community settings.

Download Full-text