scholarly journals The global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Boedeker ◽  
Meriel Watts ◽  
Peter Clausing ◽  
Emily Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

Abstract Background Human poisoning by pesticides has long been seen as a severe public health problem. As early as 1990, a task force of the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about one million unintentional pesticide poisonings occur annually, leading to approximately 20,000 deaths. Thirty years on there is no up-to-date picture of global pesticide poisoning despite an increase in global pesticide use. Our aim was to systematically review the prevalence of unintentional, acute pesticide poisoning (UAPP), and to estimate the annual global number of UAPP. Methods We carried out a systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2006 and 2018, supplemented by mortality data from WHO. We extracted data from 157 publications and the WHO cause-of-death database, then performed country-wise synopses, and arrived at annual numbers of national UAPP. World-wide UAPP was estimated based on national figures and population data for regions defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Results In total 141 countries were covered, including 58 by the 157 articles and an additional 83 by data from the WHO Mortality Database. Approximately 740,000 annual cases of UAPP were reported by the extracted publications resulting from 7446 fatalities and 733,921 non-fatal cases. On this basis, we estimate that about 385 million cases of UAPP occur annually world-wide including around 11,000 fatalities. Based on a worldwide farming population of approximately 860 million this means that about 44% of farmers are poisoned by pesticides every year. The greatest estimated number of UAPP cases is in southern Asia, followed by south-eastern Asia and east Africa with regards to non-fatal UAPP. Conclusions Our study updates outdated figures on world-wide UAPP. Along with other estimates, robust evidence is presented that acute pesticide poisoning is an ongoing major global public health challenge. There is a need to recognize the high burden of non-fatal UAPP, particularly on farmers and farmworkers, and that the current focus solely on fatalities hampers international efforts in risk assessment and prevention of poisoning. Implementation of the international recommendations to phase out highly hazardous pesticides by the FAO Council could significantly reduce the burden of UAPP.

scholarly journals Response to: “letter to the editor regarding the article “the global distribution of acute unintentional pesticide poisoning: estimations based on a systematic review”” by Dunn et al. 2021 in BMC public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Boedeker ◽  
Meriel Watts ◽  
Peter Clausing ◽  
Emily Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

AbstractIn a correspondence to BMC Public Health, Dunn et al. (Dunn SE, Reed J and Neumann C. BMC Public Health (n.d)) respond to our review on the occurrence of unintentional, acute pesticide poisoning (UAPP). Based on a systematic review and further data sources we estimated that about 385 million cases of UAPP occur annually world-wide including around 11,000 fatalities (Boedeker W. et al. BMC Public Health:1875, 2020).

Global Public Health Problem: Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Laxmidhar Moharana ◽  
Shakti Ketan Prusty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Hypertension is a big global public health problem. This research concentrates on exploring hypertension prevalence and its related causes in a Yemetu community located at Oyo States’ local in Nigeria. Hypertension is one of the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Growing on hydroxyl-butyrate as the primary source of carbon and nitrogen offered a strong competition for clones carrying new degrading enzymes, and antibiotic resistance competition established new determinants of antibiotic resistance from soil and oral flora. A descriptive & cross-sectional design was referred. Research included 804 participants of 171 households aged 18-90 years, chosen by cluster sampling methodology. It was a survey of the building to the building. World Health Organization (WHO) used STEP smart approach for tracking risk factors for chronic diseases (STEPS 1 & 2) to assess behavioral risk factors. Systolic blood pressure was described as hypertension. Overall hypertension prevalence was 33.1 percent (36.8 percent for males and 31.1 percent for females). The percentage of hypertension that is self-reported is 12.2%, as anti-hypertensive treatment actually accounted for 5.1%. The respondents mean age is 38.7 ±14.5 years. Respondents' BMI found to be 6.3%, 53.0%, 30.5% and 14.2% respectively for underweight, average, overweight and obese.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Anemia in the Adult Working Population of Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanka Kolarović ◽  
Jelena Ćulafić ◽  
Velibor Čabarkapa ◽  
Nada Vučković ◽  
Dejan Vučković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Macrocytic Anemia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normocytic Anemia ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Mild Anemia

Abstract Background: Anemia is a global public health problem of endemic proportions, especially in women, and with serious health consequences. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria as hemoglobin concentration <130 g/L for men and <120 g/L for women. The incidence of anemia varies between regions, so the aim of the study was to determine the incidence of anemia in a randomly selected sample of adult working individuals of both sexes, in Vojvodina. Methods: The study included a total of 6087 subjects (4658 men and 1429 non-pregnant women) aged 18-65 years who presented for a regular checkup at the Public Health Institute of Vojvodina. Blood specimen collection was performed by antecubital venipuncture in all subjects. Results: The results showed that the incidence of anemia in adults in Vojvodina was 7.7%, and it was more frequent in women (20%) than in men (3.86%). The most frequent was normocytic anemia, whereas microcytic anemia was less prevalent. Macrocytic anemia was found in only 3.3% of subjects, exclusively in women. The greatest proportion of anemic subjects, regardless of sex, had hemoglobin levels that indicated mild anemia (Hb 100-119 g/L for women, and 100-129 g/L for men). Only 4% of men and 12% of women had Hb levels that indicated the presence of moderate or severe anemia (≤100 g/L). Conclusions: Considering the medical, social and economic consequences anemia may produce, identification of risk factors and application of adequate preventive measures should be a public health priority.

scholarly journals Violence a global public health problem

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Dahlberg ◽  
Etienne G. Krug
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
General Description ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article is a version of the Introduction to the World Report on Violence and Health, published by the World Health Organization (WHO). It presents a general description about this phenomenon and points some basic questions: concepts and definitions about the theme; the state of knowledge about it; nature and typology on violence; proposal of a quantitative and qualitative approach of an ecological model; responsibilities and functions of the public health sector and its potentiality to prevent and reduce violence in the world; the responsibilities of the nations and the policy makers in a intersetorial point of view; difficulties and obstacles for actuation and challenges for the health sector.

scholarly journals Anaemia - a pale ale?

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
George L Muntingh ◽  
M Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Global Database

Despite some modest improvements described recently, anaemia remains a significant global public health concern affecting both developed and developing countries. It affects a quarter of the global population, including 293 million (47%) children who are younger than five years of age. A prevalence of 42% and 30% has been described in pregnant and non-pregnant women, respectively. Children and women of reproductive age are at high risk, partly because of physiological vulnerability, followed by the elderly. Africa and Asia are the most heavily affected regions, accounting for 85% of the absolute anaemia burden in highrisk groups. According to the World Health Organization global database on anaemia (1993–2005), this disorder was considered to be a moderate public health problem in South African preschool children, pregnant women and non-pregnant women of reproductive age. There has been an increased awareness of anaemia and its consequences on the health and development of women and children in the past few decades. The many underlying causes of the various types of anaemia seen in general practice means it is essential that practitioners’ clinical decisions be underpinned by a sound knowledge of the pathological processes involved. Thorough history-taking will guide practitioners to request specific tests to confirm or refute differential diagnoses. Management must be developed around the specific type of anaemia and the potential physical and psychological effects it may have on the individual.

scholarly journals IRON DEFICIENCY AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA – A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Laura Florescu ◽  
◽  
Oana-Raluca Temneanu ◽  
Nicolai Nistor ◽  
Dana Elena Mindru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Iron deficiency is defined as a condition in which there is not an adequate iron level necessary to maintain the normal physiologic functions. Having the magnitude of epidemics, anemia is a global public health problem, which affects both the emerging countries and the developed ones, with major consequences for human health and for social and economic development. Nowadays, iron deficiency and especially iron-deficiency anemia, remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies. Each group of age is vulnerable. Infants, small children, pre-school children and teenagers show a higher risk of iron deficiency. Accordingly, the World Health Organization developed an ample package of public health measures that approaches all the aspects related to iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. Trying to diminish the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has synthesized in 2014 the recommendations used also at present for martial prophylaxis.

scholarly journals Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Kwaku Akowuah ◽  
Emmanuel Kobia-Acquah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight is considered a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. A multiple database search was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2001, and October 31, 2019, reporting the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Ghana. Databases searched include PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, World Health Organization (WHO) Library Information System, and Africa Journals Online. Data were pooled from the articles to calculate an overall estimate of childhood obesity and overweight using a random-effects model after variance stabilization with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Sixteen studies with a combined sample size of 29,160 were included in the review. Analysis indicates that approximately 19% of children in Ghana either have obesity or are overweight. The prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight was 8.6% (95% CI: 4.8%–13.4%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 5.9%–16.6%), respectively. Although not significant, higher obesity (4.6% vs. 2.6%) and overweight (11.0% vs. 7.2%) prevalence were estimated for females than for males. There was a significantly higher obesity prevalence estimate (17.4% vs. 8.9%) in rural settings than in urban settings (p=0.0255). The high prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight estimated in this review is of worrying concern. It is a significant public health problem that has implications on the health of present and future generations in Ghana and as such calls for proactive measures to be put in place. Also, the driving forces behind the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in Ghana need to be investigated.

scholarly journals Injury Surveillance with District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achala U. Jayatilleke ◽  
Megha Ganewatta ◽  
Pamod Amarakoon ◽  
Roshan Hewapathirana ◽  
Achini Jayatilleke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
District Health ◽  
System 2

Injuries are a major but neglected global public health problem. In 2001, World Health Organization (WHO) published injury surveillance guidelines emphasizing the importance of injury surveillance at country levels to cope with this grave problem. However there are no customizable generic injury surveillance systems which can be used in developing countries. Therefore we conducted this study to customize open source public health information system, District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2) for injury surveillance and pilot it in a resource constrained country, Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and contributing factors to overweight and obesity among the schoolchildren of Podgorica, Montenegro

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jaksic ◽  
Milica Martinovic ◽  
Goran Belojevic ◽  
Nebojsa Kavaric ◽  
Bogdan Asanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction/Objective. Childhood obesity is an emerging public health problem. The national prevalence of child overweight/obesity in Montenegro has increased by one third in the last decade. As the overwhelming majority of Montenegrin population is urban, investigation of obesity and correlates among urban children is of special public health interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and contributing factors to obesity among schoolchildren of Podgorica. Method. The sample included 1,134 schoolchildren (49.8% boys) aged 7?12 years, from 10 elementary schools in Podgorica. We measured children?s body mass, body height, and waist circumference to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio. The research instrument was a closed type of the original questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed according to the criteria recommended by the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force. Results. Among the investigated children there were 21.2% and 6% overweight and obese children, respectively. Obesity was more frequent among boys (7.6%) compared to girls (4.4%). In a multiple regression, childhood obesity was positively related to the following: male gender, younger age, lower number of siblings, parental obesity, and low physical activity. Conclusion. One out of five urban Montenegrin schoolchildren is overweight/obese, with obesity being twice as frequent among boys compared to girls. A program against obesity among urban Montenegrin children should focus on the revealed contributing factors.

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