scholarly journals Trends and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia: cross-sectional study: multivariate decomposition and multilevel analysis based on Bayesian approach evidenced by EDHS 2000–2016 data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilkal Negesse ◽  
Asefa Adimasu Taddese ◽  
Ayenew Negesse ◽  
Tadesse Awoke Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Despite significant progress in the reduction of under-five child deaths over the last decades in Ethiopia, still diarrhea remains the second cause of morbidity and mortality among under five children next to pneumonia. Objective To show trends and determinants of diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia based on the four Ethiopian Demographic and health surveys data (2000–2016). Methods A total of 10,753 in 2000, 10,039 in 2005, 10,946 in 2011 and 10,337 in 2016 under five age children were involved in this study. Multivariate decomposition and multilevel analysis based on Bayesian approach was performed. Results Ninety seven percent of the change in diarrhea prevalence over time was attributable to difference in behavior. Being twin (AOR = 1.3; 95% CrI 1.1–1.5), big weight (AOR = 1.63; 95% CrI 1.62–2.02), not vaccinated for rotavirus (AOR = 1.44; 95% CrI 1.12–1.9) and for measles (AOR = 1.2; 95% CrI 1.1–1.33), poor wealth status (AOR 2.6; 95% CrI 1.7–4.06), having more than three under-five children (AOR 1.3; 95% CrI 1.1–1.61), member of health insurance (AOR 2.2; 95% CrI 1.3–3.8) and long distance from the health facility (AOR 2.7; 95% CrI 2.2–3.5) were more likely to experience diarrhea. Conclusion The prevalence of diarrhea was significantly declined over the last sixteen years and the decline was due to difference in behavior between the surveys. Being twin, weight of child at birth, vaccinated for measles and rotavirus, number of under-five children, wealth status, distance to health facility, health insurance and child waste disposal method were significantly associated with diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia. Therefore Ethiopian government should focus on the strengthening and scaling up of behavioral change packages of the community regarding to keeping hygiene and sanitation of the community and their environment, vaccinating their children, accessing health care services to prevent diarrheal disease.

scholarly journals Trends and Determinants of Diarrhea Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study Design: Multivariate Decomposition and Multilevel Analysis Based on Bayesian Approach Evidenced by EDHS 2000-2016 Data.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilkal Negesse ◽  
Asefa Adimasu ◽  
Ayenew Negesse ◽  
Tadesse Awoke
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Despite significant progress in the reduction of under-five child deaths over the last decades in Ethiopia, still diarrhea remains the second cause of morbidity and mortality among under five children next to pneumonia. Objective: To show trends and determinants of diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia based on the four Ethiopian Demographic and health surveys data (2000- 2016).Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 10753 in 2000, 10039 in 2005, 10946 in 2011 and 10337 in 2016 under five age children were involved. Multivariate decomposition and multilevel analysis based on Bayesian approach was performed.Results: Ninety seven percent of the change in diarrhea prevalence over time was attributable to difference in behavior. Being twin (AOR=1.3; 95% CrI 1.1-1.5), big weight (AOR=1.63; 95 % CrI 1.62–2.02), not vaccinated for rotavirus (AOR= 1.44; 95 % CrI 1.12–1.9) and for measles (AOR= 1.2; 95 % CrI 1.1–1.33), poor wealth status (AOR 2.6; 95 % CrI 1.7–4.06), having more than three under-five children(AOR 1.3; 95 % CrI 1.1–1.61), member of health insurance(AOR 2.2; 95 % CrI 1.3–3.8) and long distance from the health facility (AOR 2.7; 95 % CrI 2.2–3.5) were more likely to experience diarrhea. Conclusion: The prevalence of diarrhea was significantly declined over the last sixteen years and the decline was due to difference in coefficients between the surveys. Being twin , weight of child at birth, vaccinated for measles and rotavirus, number of under-five children, wealth status, distance to health facility, health insurance and child waste disposal method were significantly associated with diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia. Therefore Ethiopian government should primarily focus on the strengthening and scaling up of behavioral change packages to prevent diarrheal disease.

scholarly journals Overweight and/or obesity and its determinants among under-five children in East African countries: A multilevel analysis using Bayesian approach

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e08643
Author(s):  
Sofonyas Abebaw Tiruneh ◽  
Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam ◽  
Melaku Tadege Engidaw ◽  
Desalegn Tesfa Asnakew ◽  
Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

scholarly journals Multilevel analysis of factors associated with HIV among women of reproductive age (15–49 years old) in Ethiopia: Bayesian approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110676
Author(s):  
Yilkal Negesse ◽  
Gosa Mankelkl ◽  
Melsew Setegn ◽  
Gossa Fetene
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Rural Resident ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Sub-Saharan Africa regions are the most affected regions and accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, and 72% of the world’s AIDS-related deaths. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HIV and identify factors associated with it among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Methods: This study was conducted based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys data. The data were weighted using sampling weight for probability sampling and non-response to restore the representativeness of the data and get valid statistical estimates. Then, a total of 14,161 weighted sample women were used to investigate the study. Finally, a multilevel analysis was done based on the Bayesian approach to identify factors associated with HIV among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Results: This study showed the prevalence of HIV among reproductive age group women was 0.85%. Being rural resident (adjusted odds ratio = 0.20; 95% CrI = 0.1–0.4), secondary education level (adjusted odds ratio = 0.20; 95% CrI = 0.1–0.4), rich wealth status (adjusted odds ratio = 4; 95% CrI = 3–6), married women but living separately (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3; 95% CrI = 1.2–4.5), long distance from the health facility (adjusted odds ratio = 0.4; 95% CrI = 0.3–0.5), and exposure to media (adjusted odds ratio = 2.9; 95% CrI = 1.8–4.7) were significantly associated with HIV. Conclusion: Being rural residents, women whose marital status is separated, wealthy, travel a long distance to get health facility, and are exposed to media are risky to be infected by HIV. Whereas being a rural resident and educated are preventive factors for HIV. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia and the ministry of health should consider those factors when they design HIV prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Trends of inequalities in care seeking behavior for under-five children with suspected pneumonia in Ethiopia: evidence from Ethiopia demographic and health surveys (2005–2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Care Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Suspected Pneumonia

Abstract Background Pneumonia is a leading public health problem in under-five children worldwide and particularly in Africa. Unfortunately, progress in reducing pneumonia related mortality has been slow. The number of children with symptoms of pneumonia taken to health facilities for treatment is low in Ethiopia, and disparities among sub-groups regarding health seeking behavior for pneumonia have not been well explored in the region. This study assessed the trends of inequalities in care seeking behavior for children under five years of age with suspected pneumonia in Ethiopia. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT), this study investigated the inequalities in health seeking behavior for children with suspected pneumonia. Four measures of inequality were calculated: Difference, Ratio, Slope Index of Inequality and Relative Index of Inequality. Results were disaggregated by wealth, education, residence, and sex with computed 95% Uncertainty Intervals for each point estimate to determine significance. Results The percentage of under-five children with symptoms of pneumonia who were taken to a health facility was significantly lower for children in the poorest families, 15.48% (95% UI; 9.77, 23.64) as compared to children in the richest families, 61.72% (95% UI; 45.06, 76.02) in 2011. Substantial absolute (SII = 35.61; 95% UI: 25.31, 45.92) and relative (RII = 4.04%; 95% UI: 2.25, 5.84) economic inequalities were also observed. Both educational and geographic inequalities were observed; (RII = 2.07; 95% UI: 1.08, 3.06) and (D = 28.26; 95% UI: 7.14, 49.37), respectively. Economic inequality decreased from 2011 to 2016. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female under-five children with pneumonia symptoms taken to health facility, in all the studied years. Conclusions Health care seeking behavior for children with pneumonia was lower among the poorest and non-educated families as well as children in rural regions. Policies and strategies need to target subpopulations lagging behind in seeking care for pneumonia treatment as it impedes achievement of key UN sustainable development goals (SDGs).

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevention Practice and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melese Dubie Agegnehu ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
Yonas Lamore Ortibo ◽  
Yohannes Mehretie Adinew
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Diarrhea is the leading cause of mortality among infants and children younger than 5 years of age in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Factors determining the occurrence of diarrhea in children are complex, and the relative contribution of each factor varies as a function of interaction between socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral variables. Objectives. To assess diarrhea prevention practice and associated factors of diarrheal disease among caregivers who have under-five children in Enemay district, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was done from June 1–30, 2018, among 398 caregivers who have under-five children, in the Enemay district that were selected by using the simple random sampling technique. A structured and pretested data collection tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EPI DATA version 4.2, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package to be cleaned and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was done to describe study participants, and logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) analysis was done to identify factors that have association with the dependent variable. The P value was less than 0.05. Results. A total of 398 with a response rate of 97% under-five caregivers were participated in this study. Nearly, half (48.7%) of the participants were in the age group 25–34. The study revealed that good practice of diarrhea prevention was 52.8%. This study was also identified that occupation (AOR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.593, 9.657), family size (AOR: 0.088, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.916), and understanding on diarrhea (AOR: 0.237, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.613) were associated factors of diarrhea prevention practice of under-five children caregivers. Conclusion. This finding showed that diarrhea prevention practice among under-five children caregivers was low and prevention practice was significantly associated with caregivers’ awareness on frequency of diarrhea in a day, occupation, and family size in a house.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors among Under-Five Children in Rural Areas of North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atalay Getachew ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Alebachew Tadie ◽  
Zemichael Gizaw ◽  
Mulat Gebrehiwot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
One Year ◽  
North Gondar Zone

Background. Diarrheal disease remains one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by settings and have important implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess diarrhea prevalence and sociodemographic factors among under-five children in rural areas of North Gondar Zone. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2016 among 736 randomly selected households with one child under five years old. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting information on sociodemographic characteristics and diarrheal occurrence. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between risk factors and diarrheal occurrence, and a p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results. A total of 736 under-five children and their respondents were enrolled during the study period. Almost all respondents were biological mothers 96.4% (709/736), married 94.2% (693/736), and house wives 86% (632/736). The overall prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children was 22.1% (163/743). Of these, children with age group of less than one year old, 7.7 % (57/736), were commonly infected with diarrheal diseases. Children less than or equal to one year [AOR=1.82, 95% CI= (1.39, 4.63)], guardians [AOR=4.37, 95% CI= (1.73, 11.1)], and children with no breast feeding practice [AOR=3.13, 95% CI= (1.62, 6.03)] were the major risk factors for the occurrence of diarrhea. Conclusion. Childhood diarrhea remains an important health concern in the study area. Occurrence of diarrhea was statistically associated with child age less than or equal to one year, educational status of mother/guardians, and breast feeding. To minimize the magnitude childhood diarrhea, various designing and implementing strategies, such as health education, child care, breast feeding, and weaning practice, integrated with the existing national health extension are quite essential.

scholarly journals Stunting and Associated Factors among Under-Five-Age Children in West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eyob Afework ◽  
Selamawit Mengesha ◽  
Demelash Wachamo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Polygamous Marriage

Background. Stunting is one of the most important public health problems in Ethiopia. It remains a problem of greater magnitude particularly in rural and low-income areas. It reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies and illness that occur during the most critical periods for growth and development in early life. It needs proper intervention to save the future, unless it resulted in diminished cognitive and physical development for the rest of their lives. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and associated factors among under-five children in West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 767 under-five children who were included in this study by using a multistage sampling technique in 12 kebeles from 3 selected districts. Data were collected from a mother/caregiver of the child by using a structured pretested questionnaire. Standardized anthropometric measurements were used to measure length, weight, and height of a child. Data were entered into Epi Info software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis for descriptive and logistic regression models. Result. The prevalence of stunting was 244 (31.8%) with 95% CI (28.6–35.2) among under-five-age children. The under-five children whose fathers had a polygamous marriage (AOR = 4.92, 95% CI: 3.46, 7.00), being female sex (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.47), having below 4 meal frequencies (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.58), not vaccinated (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.67), and from poor households’ wealth status (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.63, 5.63) and also from severely food insecure household (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.36, 6.24) were short for their age compared with their counterparts. Conclusion. Nearly one-third of the under-five children were stunted in the study area which needs intervention on child-feeding practice to avoid sex discrimination in the community. In addition to this health officials in collaboration with other sectors, it is needed to act together to improve enforcement of the law for polygamous marriage, the household’s wealth status, and food security for the better health of a child and future.

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