scholarly journals Stunting and Associated Factors among Under-Five-Age Children in West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eyob Afework ◽  
Selamawit Mengesha ◽  
Demelash Wachamo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Polygamous Marriage

Background. Stunting is one of the most important public health problems in Ethiopia. It remains a problem of greater magnitude particularly in rural and low-income areas. It reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies and illness that occur during the most critical periods for growth and development in early life. It needs proper intervention to save the future, unless it resulted in diminished cognitive and physical development for the rest of their lives. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and associated factors among under-five children in West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 767 under-five children who were included in this study by using a multistage sampling technique in 12 kebeles from 3 selected districts. Data were collected from a mother/caregiver of the child by using a structured pretested questionnaire. Standardized anthropometric measurements were used to measure length, weight, and height of a child. Data were entered into Epi Info software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis for descriptive and logistic regression models. Result. The prevalence of stunting was 244 (31.8%) with 95% CI (28.6–35.2) among under-five-age children. The under-five children whose fathers had a polygamous marriage (AOR = 4.92, 95% CI: 3.46, 7.00), being female sex (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.47), having below 4 meal frequencies (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.58), not vaccinated (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.67), and from poor households’ wealth status (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.63, 5.63) and also from severely food insecure household (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.36, 6.24) were short for their age compared with their counterparts. Conclusion. Nearly one-third of the under-five children were stunted in the study area which needs intervention on child-feeding practice to avoid sex discrimination in the community. In addition to this health officials in collaboration with other sectors, it is needed to act together to improve enforcement of the law for polygamous marriage, the household’s wealth status, and food security for the better health of a child and future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Evidence From the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (Emdhs); A Multilevel Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael ◽  
Melkamu Merid Mengesha ◽  
Samuel Hailegebrea’l ◽  
Hanan Abdulkadir ◽  
Biruk Bogale Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity

Abstract Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are emerging public health challenges of the 21st century. There was a 24% increase in the number of overweight children under the age of five years in low-income countries. Despite the significant risk of childhood overweight/obesity for non-communicable diseases, premature death, disability, and reproductive disorders in their adult life, little attention has been given. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among under-five children. Methods: This study was conducted using data from a nationally representative sample of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The Mini EDHS was a community-based cross-sectional study that covered all the administrative regions of Ethiopia. The data collection was conducted between March 21, 2019, to June 28, 2019. Both descriptive and analytic findings were produced using STATA version 14. For associated factors, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to show the strength of association and statistical significance. Results: A total 5,164 under-five children were included in this study. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 2.14 % (95% CI; 1.74-2.53) (more than two standard deviations (+2SD) above the median of the reference population) based on the body mass index (BMI) Z-score. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among children aged less than 6 months (aOR= 5.19; 95%CI: 2.98-9.04), 6-24 months (aOR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.18-3.29), delivered by caesarean section (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.84-3.65), living in Addis Ababa city (aOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.59-7.81), Oromia region (aOR = 1.93; 95CI: 1.71-5.24), having mothers with the age 40-49 years (aOR = 3.91; 95%CI: 1.90-16.92), uses traditional contraceptive methods (aOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.66-10.47), and households headed by male (aOR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.84-3.48). Conclusion: This study showed that childhood overweight/obesity is the problem in Ethiopia. There was an interplay of several factors that affect childhood obesity including child factors, maternal socio-demography, and healthcare utilization, and geography of residence. Therefore, strategies to reduce childhood overweight and obesity should consider a multitude of contributing factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among under-five age children in Shanan gibe hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Kebede ◽  
Fantahun Getaneh ◽  
Kirubel Endalamaw ◽  
Tariku Belay ◽  
Abebe Fenta
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Background Anemia is a major health problem in the worldwide. Because of health and socioeconomic problems, the prevalence of anemia is higher in developing countries. However, there was a limited finding in our study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among under-five age children in Shanan Gibe Hospital (SGH), Southwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study was conducted at SGH, Ethiopia using consecutive convenient sampling technique during 1 January to 30 April, 2021. Data was collected by interviewing and capillary blood was taken from the fingertip for hemoglobin determination by using HaemoCue digital photometer. Additionally, stool sample was processed using wet mount and formal-ether concentration technique. Then after, the data were entered to Epidata version 3.1 and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Factors associated with anaemia were assessed by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model by considering P < 0.05 as statistical significance. Results A total of 368 under five children were recruited to the study and the current prevalence of anemia was 48.9%. Of this anemia, 25.0% mild, 15.8% moderate and 8.2% were severely anemic. More ever, being rural resident (AOR = 6.11; 95% CI = 1.49–8.99, P = 0.002), family low income (AOR = 6.27, 95% CI = 1.35–11.43, P = 0.004), family size greater than five (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI =1.47–7.11, P = 0.002) and intestinal parasite infections such as Enteameoba histolytica (AOR =3.37; 95%CI = 2.16–11.31, P = 0.005), Hookworm (AOR = 6.09; 95%CI = 2.37–11.56, P = 0.001), and Trichuris trichuria (AOR = 2.79; 95%CI = 1.45–9.13, P = 0.002) (P < 0.05) were factors significantly associated with anemia among under five children. Conclusion The current prevalence of anemia among under five age children is relatively high. On the other hand, the rural residence, large family size, low family income, infection with Enteameoba histolytica, hookworm and Trichuris trichuria were the identified factors associated with anemia among under five children. Therefore, there should be massive and routine deworming program in addition to imperative targeting anemia prevention, and nutritional supplementation to reduce the burden of anemia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among children under five in semi-urban areas of northeastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarikuwa Natnael ◽  
Mistir Lingerew ◽  
Metadel Adane
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Diarrheal disease is still one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Lack of specific data on the prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among under-five children in the semi-urban areas of Gelsha, found in northeastern Ethiopia’s South Wollo zone, remains a major gap. Therefore, this study was designed to provide data that is important for proper planning of intervention measures to reduce the problem in this area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 systematically selected children under five in semi-urban areas of Gelsha from January to March 2019. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Bivariable (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) were employed using binary logistic regression model with 95% CI (confidence interval). Variables with a p-value < 0.05 from the multivariable analysis were declared as factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea. Result The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five in the study area was 11% (95%CI: 7.8–14.3%). About two-thirds (63.60%) of study participants used water from improved sources. About half (54.90%) of study participants practiced poor handwashing and 45.10% practiced good handwashing. We found that factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea were a child’s age of 12–23 months (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.45–1.50), the presence of two or more under-five children in the house (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–6.81), unimproved water sources (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.28–6.87) and presence of feces around the pit hole/slab/floor of the latrine (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.34–8.31). Conclusion The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five was relatively high. To reduce the problem, various prevention strategies are essential, such as the provision of health education to mothers/caregivers that focuses on keeping sanitation facilities clean and child care, and construction of improved water sources. Furthermore, implementing a strong health extension program, advocating an open defecation-free environment, and practicing a community-led total sanitation and hygiene approach might be helpful to sustainably reduce childhood diarrhea.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under five children in East Africa. Meta-analysis and systemic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew Abate ◽  
Melaku Getahun Bimrew ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha Kasie ◽  
Mesfin Kassaw Wudu ◽  
Molla Azmeraw
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Prevalence

Abstract Introduction Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa. Objective The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa. Methods Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies. Result A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I 2 = 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I 2 = 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I 2 = 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I 2 = 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia. Conclusions The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevention Practice and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melese Dubie Agegnehu ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
Yonas Lamore Ortibo ◽  
Yohannes Mehretie Adinew
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Diarrhea is the leading cause of mortality among infants and children younger than 5 years of age in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Factors determining the occurrence of diarrhea in children are complex, and the relative contribution of each factor varies as a function of interaction between socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral variables. Objectives. To assess diarrhea prevention practice and associated factors of diarrheal disease among caregivers who have under-five children in Enemay district, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was done from June 1–30, 2018, among 398 caregivers who have under-five children, in the Enemay district that were selected by using the simple random sampling technique. A structured and pretested data collection tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EPI DATA version 4.2, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package to be cleaned and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was done to describe study participants, and logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) analysis was done to identify factors that have association with the dependent variable. The P value was less than 0.05. Results. A total of 398 with a response rate of 97% under-five caregivers were participated in this study. Nearly, half (48.7%) of the participants were in the age group 25–34. The study revealed that good practice of diarrhea prevention was 52.8%. This study was also identified that occupation (AOR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.593, 9.657), family size (AOR: 0.088, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.916), and understanding on diarrhea (AOR: 0.237, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.613) were associated factors of diarrhea prevention practice of under-five children caregivers. Conclusion. This finding showed that diarrhea prevention practice among under-five children caregivers was low and prevention practice was significantly associated with caregivers’ awareness on frequency of diarrhea in a day, occupation, and family size in a house.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Beletew ◽  
Melaku Bimerew ◽  
Ayelign Mengesha ◽  
Mesfin Wudu ◽  
Molla Azmeraw
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

scholarly journals Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in Rural Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Molla Ferede
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Behavioural Factors

Abstract Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major contributors to deaths among under-five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are highly affected by diarrhoea than urban children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated factors of the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8,041 under-five children were included in the study. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression was used for the analysis of the data to assess the association of occurrence of diarrhoea with socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural associated factors among under-five children. Results: Children aged 6-11 months (AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) were significantly associated with diarrhoea. Diarrhoea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58), children in Afar region (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01-3.64), Somali region (AOR: .42; 95% CI: (.217-.80), Gambela region (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.18, 3.81), households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77), fourth birth order (AOR: .1.81; 95% CI: 1.17-2.79), fifth and above birth order (AOR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.81) and the interaction of older mothers with three or more under-five children (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45). Conclusion: The age of a child, sex of a child, region, birth order, toilet facilities shared with other households and the interaction effect of number of under-five children with mother’s current age are identified as associated factors for diarrhoea occurrence among under-five children in rural Ethiopia. The findings carry implications for the need for planning and implementing appropriate prevention strategies that target rural under-five children.

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