Prognostic value of different maternal obesity phenotypes in predicting offspring obesity in a family-based cohort study

Abstract Background Parental weight is studied as an important determinant of childhood obesity; however, obesity-related metabolic abnormalities have been less considered as determinants of childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal obesity phenotypes and incidence of obesity in their offspring. Methods This longitudinal study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. A total of 2151 non-obese children who had complete parental information were followed for incidence of obesity over a mean of 148.7 ± 34.7 months. Obesity in children was defined using the World Health Organization criteria. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was classified into three categories: normal weight, overweight and obese. Dysmetabolic status was considered as having metabolic syndrome or diabetes. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes were defined according to the Joint Interim Statement and American diabetes association criteria, respectively. Considering maternal BMI categories and metabolic status, six obesity phenotypes were defined as followed: 1) normal weight and normal metabolic status, 2) overweight and normal metabolic status, 3) obese and normal metabolic status, 4) normal weight and dysmetabolic status, 5) overweight and dysmetabolic status, and 6) obese and dysmetabolic status. The association between maternal obesity phenotypes and incidence of obesity in children was studied using Cox proportional regression hazard model. Results In male offspring, the risk of incidence of obesity significantly increased in those with maternal obesity phenotypes including overweight/normal metabolic: 1.75(95% CI: 1.10–2.79), obese/normal metabolic: 2.60(95%CI: 1.51–4.48), overweight/dysmetabolic: 2.34(95%CI: 1.35–4.03) and obese/dysmetabolic: 3.21(95%CI: 1.94–5.03) compared to the normal weight/normal metabolic phenotype. Similarly, in girls, the risk of incidence of obesity significantly increased in offspring with maternal obesity phenotypes including overweight/normal metabolic: 2.39(95%CI: 1.46–3.90), obese/normal metabolic: 3.55(95%CI: 1.94–6.46), overweight/dysmetabolic: 1.92(95%CI: 1.04–3.52) and obese/dysmetabolic: 3.89(95%CI: 2.28–6.64) compared to normal weight/normal metabolic phenotype. However, maternal normal weight/dysmetabolic phenotype did not significantly change the risk of obesity in both male and female offspring. Conclusion Except for normal weight/dysmetabolic phenotype, all maternal obesity phenotypes had significant prognostic values for incidence of offspring obesity with the highest risk for obese/dysmetabolic phenotype. This study provides valuable findings for identifying the first line target groups for planning interventions to prevent childhood obesity.

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The impact of maternal obesity on completion of fetal anomaly screening

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2016-0048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kelly-Ann Eastwood ◽

Ciara Daly ◽

Alyson Hunter ◽

David McCance ◽

Ian Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Obesity ◽

World Health Organisation ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Fetal Anomaly ◽

Class Iii ◽

Fetal Medicine ◽

Obese Class ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of maternal obesity on completion of fetal anomaly screening.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 500 anomaly scans (19+0–21+6 weeks) was included. Women were categorised according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) body mass index (BMI) classification: normal weight (18.50–24.99 kg/mResults:Image quality deteriorated as BMI increased and was significantly different across the BMI categories (P<0.001). Performance was poorest in imaging of the fetal chest and was significantly different across BMI categories (P<0.001). In obese class III, 33% of four-chamber cardiac views and 38% of outflow tract views were not obtained. In total, 119 women (23.6%) had an incomplete scan. In obese class III, 44.1% of scans were incomplete compared with 10.2% in the normal BMI category (P<0.001). Of 117 women attending for repeat scans, 78.6% were complete, 11.1% were incomplete, 6.8% were advised to re-attend and 3.4% were referred to Fetal Medicine.Conclusion:Maternal obesity has a significant impact on completion of fetal anomaly screening.

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Peculiarities of Teaching Problems of Metabolic Syndrome in Children to Interns

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2017.3.7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Olha Bobrykovych

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

The World ◽

Symptom Complex ◽

Health Organization

Obesity has become one of the most urgent social problems worldwide. Continuous and rapid increase in obesity rates is considered by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic. Obesity affects children as well; the World Health Organization recognized childhood obesity as an acute public health crisis. Childhood obesity is often accompanied by arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in symptom complex – metabolic syndrome. While teaching the problems of metabolic syndrome in children to interns, a significant attention is paid to risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of syndrome. Such approach will allow future pediatricians to diagnose and prevent the development of early complications of metabolic syndrome in children timely.

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A prospective cohort study of maternal body mass index and maternal and neonatal outcomes in Fiji

10.21203/rs.2.16020/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten Black ◽

Jyotishna Mudaliar ◽

Pushpa Nusair ◽

Ian Rouse

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes

Abstract Background: Maternal obesity is highly prevalent in Fiji and the perinatal and long-term consequences are likely to be significant. We investigated the relationship between maternal body mass index and maternal and neonatal outcomes and birth weight centiles in Fijian women. Aims: We sought to use the Intergrowth 21 st (IG21) standard to record the proportion of babies born over the 90 th centile and to examine the association of other maternal and neonatal outcomes with normal weight, overweight and obesity amongst women presenting for antenatal care at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Fiji. Methods: From January 2014 – December 2015 we undertook a prospective cohort study that used a structured questionnaire to collect data on women presenting for antenatal care. Body weight was recorded at the booking visit and adjusted to estimated pre-pregnancy bodyweight based on gestation at booking. Midwives collected follow up data regarding the outcomes of these pregnancies and we used the IG21 standard to estimate birthweight centiles. Results: Of the 1397 records, 79 women were underweight and were excluded for detailed analysis. For the remaining 1318 cases detailed pregnancy and follow-up data were available. Compared to normal weight women overweight women were older, parous and were more likely to have pregnancy-related hypertension and were more likely to have an induction of labour. A sixth (n=224;16.7%) of the babies were above the 90 th centile of birthweight according to IG21 standard and as maternal BMI class increased, the odds of the baby’s birthweight being > 90 th centile increased. Compared to normal weight women, women with class II or II obesity were three times more likely to have a baby over the 90 th centile (AOR 3.053; CI 1.907-4.889). Conclusions: A significant proportion of babies born in Fiji are large for gestational age which predisposes them to long term adverse metabolic health outcomes. Addressing maternal obesity before pregnancy is going to be key if Fiji is to curb the growing trend in child and adult obesity and metabolic disease in later life.

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Gut Phageome Analysis Reveals Disease-Specific Hallmarks in Childhood Obesity

10.1101/2020.07.29.227637 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shirley Bikel ◽

Gamaliel López-Leal ◽

Fernanda Cornejo-Granados ◽

Luigui Gallardo-Becerra ◽

Filiberto Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

School Age Children ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

School Age ◽

Obese Children ◽

Human Gut ◽

Biochemical Traits ◽

First Time

AbstractChanges in the composition of the human gut microbiome are recognized to have a significant association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mexico leads worldwide childhood-obesity rankings representing an epidemic problem for public health. To this date, it is still unclear how the gut phageome, the bacteriophage component of the virome, influences childhood obesity and obesity with metabolic syndrome. We characterized the gut phageome of 28 school-age children with healthy normal-weight (NW), obese (O), and obese with metabolic syndrome (OMS) profiles, using metagenomic sequencing of virus-like particles (VLPs) from fecal samples. Viromes derived from VLPs were mainly dominated by Caudovirales, and only Inoviridae family was significantly increased in obesity. The three groups showed a similar number of VLPs, while a significant increase in phage richness and diversity was found in obesity groups compared NW. Few phage contigs dominated the phageome composition in NW, being increased in obesity groups. Interestingly, the majority of the phageome was shared among all individuals, establishing a core and common phageome, which abundances correlated with anthropometric and biochemical traits and bacteria previously associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We also established a healthy core phageome shared in >80% of NW samples, with a decreased prevalence in the O and OMS groups. Our data support that changes in the gut phageome may contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome development via bacterial dysbiosis. We consider the phageome characterization provides the basis for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and preventing metabolic syndrome development in obese children through potential phage manipulation. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the most in-depth sequenced dataset of human bacteriophages, demonstrating for the first time that alterations of the gut phageome characterize obesity.

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Effect of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcomes in women delivering singleton babies: a historical cohort study

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2019-0103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 625-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Iñigo Melchor ◽

Jorge Burgos ◽

Ana del Campo ◽

Amaia Aiartzaguena ◽

Julieta Gutiérrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Obese Women ◽

Historical Cohort ◽

Historical Cohort Study ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Obesity in pregnancy is increasing worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions in many countries and frequently creating challenges for obstetricians. We conducted this study to assess the effects of maternal obesity on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods A historical cohort study was performed on 16,609 women who delivered singleton babies in a 5-year period (2013–2017). Data were retrieved from the Cruces Perinatal Database (CPD) and only women whose prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was known were included. Women were categorized according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification: normal weight (BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Obstetric, perinatal and neonatal outcomes were compared, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using the normal-weight group as the reference. Results Compared to women of normal weight (n = 9778), obese women (n = 2207) had a higher risk of preeclampsia (aOR 2.199, 95% CI: 1.46–3.29), rectovaginal group B streptococcus colonization (aOR 1.299, 95% CI: 1.14–1.47), induction of labor (aOR 1.593, 95% CI: 1.44–1.75), cesarean section (aOR 2.755, 95% CI: 2.46–3.08), cesarean section in women with a history of cesarean delivery (aOR 1.409, 95% CI: 1.03–1.92), fetal weight ≥4000 g (aOR 2.090, 95% CI: 1.803–2.422) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (aOR 1.341, 95% CI: 1.12–1.59). No association was found with preterm birth (aOR 0.936, 95% CI: 0.77–1.13), stillbirth (aOR 0.921, 95% CI: 0.41–2.02) or neonatal mortality (aOR 2.205, 95% CI: 0.86–5.62). Conclusion Maternal obesity is associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Pregnancy in this population of women should be considered and managed as high risk.

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International Waist Circumference Percentile Cutoffs for Central Obesity in Children and Adolescents Aged 6 to 18 Years

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgz195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. e1569-e1583 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bo Xi ◽

Xin’nan Zong ◽

Roya Kelishadi ◽

Mieczysław Litwin ◽

Young Mi Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Additive Model ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Risk Area ◽

Obesity In Children

Abstract Context No universal waist circumference (WC) percentile cutoffs used have been proposed for screening central obesity in children and adolescents. Objective To develop international WC percentile cutoffs for children and adolescents with normal weight based on data from 8 countries in different global regions and to examine the relation with cardiovascular risk. Design and Setting We used pooled data on WC in 113,453 children and adolescents (males 50.2%) aged 4 to 20 years from 8 countries in different regions (Bulgaria, China, Iran, Korea, Malaysia, Poland, Seychelles, and Switzerland). We calculated WC percentile cutoffs in samples including or excluding children with obesity, overweight, or underweight. WC percentiles were generated using the general additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). We also estimated the predictive power of the WC 90th percentile cutoffs to predict cardiovascular risk using receiver operator characteristics curve analysis based on data from 3 countries that had available data (China, Iran, and Korea). We also examined which WC percentiles linked with WC cutoffs for central obesity in adults (at age of 18 years). Main Outcome Measure WC measured based on recommendation by the World Health Organization. Results We validated the performance of the age- and sex-specific 90th percentile WC cutoffs calculated in children and adolescents (6-18 years of age) with normal weight (excluding youth with obesity, overweight, or underweight) by linking the percentile with cardiovascular risk (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.69 for boys; 0.63 for girls). In addition, WC percentile among normal weight children linked relatively well with established WC cutoffs for central obesity in adults (eg, AUC in US adolescents: 0.71 for boys; 0.68 for girls). Conclusion The international WC cutoffs developed in this study could be useful to screen central obesity in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years and allow direct comparison of WC distributions between populations and over time.

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Parental Perceptions of Children’s Weight Status in 22 Countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: COSI 2015/2017

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000517586 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Ximena Ramos Salas ◽

Marta Buoncristiano ◽

Julianne Williams ◽

Maryam Kebbe ◽

Angela Spinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Weight Status ◽

Parental Perceptions ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

Country Level ◽

Health Organization ◽

Child’S Weight

Introduction: Parents can act as important agents of change and support for healthy childhood growth and development. Studies have found that parents may not be able to accurately perceive their child’s weight status. The purpose of this study was to measure parental perceptions of their child’s weight status and to identify predictors of potential parental misperceptions. Methods: We used data from the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative and 22 countries. Parents were asked to identify their perceptions of their children’s weight status as “underweight,” “normal weight,” “a little overweight,” or “extremely overweight.” We categorized children’s (6–9 years; n = 124,296) body mass index (BMI) as BMI-for-age Z-scores based on the 2007 WHO-recommended growth references. For each country included in the analysis and pooled estimates (country level), we calculated the distribution of children according to the WHO weight status classification, distribution by parental perception of child’s weight status, percentages of accurate, overestimating, or underestimating perceptions, misclassification levels, and predictors of parental misperceptions using a multilevel logistic regression analysis that included only children with overweight (including obesity). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15 1. Results: Overall, 64.1% of parents categorized their child’s weight status accurately relative to the WHO growth charts. However, parents were more likely to underestimate their child’s weight if the child had overweight (82.3%) or obesity (93.8%). Parents were more likely to underestimate their child’s weight if the child was male (adjusted OR [adjOR]: 1.41; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.28–1.55); the parent had a lower educational level (adjOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.26–1.57); the father was asked rather than the mother (adjOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98–1.33); and the family lived in a rural area (adjOR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99–1.24). Overall, parents’ BMI was not strongly associated with the underestimation of children’s weight status, but there was a stronger association in some countries. Discussion/Conclusion: Our study supplements the current literature on factors that influence parental perceptions of their child’s weight status. Public health interventions aimed at promoting healthy childhood growth and development should consider parents’ knowledge and perceptions, as well as the sociocultural contexts in which children and families live.

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Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 159-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽

Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽

Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽

Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽

Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Serum Levels ◽

World Health ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

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