Risk of HBV infection among male and female first-time blood donors born before and after the July 1986 HBV vaccination program in Taiwan

Abstract Background In July 1984, Taiwan officially began a nationwide hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program where only infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers were vaccinated free of charge until June 1986. However, from July 1986, all infants were vaccinated against HBV. The impact of the July 1986 HBV vaccination program on first-time blood donors has not been exhaustively studied. We, therefore, determined the risk of HBV among male and female first-time blood donors born before and after the July 1986 HBV vaccination program in Taiwan. Methods Initially, we recruited 857,310 first-time blood donors whose data were collected between 2013 and 2018 from 5 blood donation centers in Taiwan. However, we excluded donors with incomplete and outlying data (n = 12,213) and those born between July 1984 and June 1986 (n = 21,054). The final study participants comprised 9118 HBV positive and 814,925 HBV negative individuals. We divided the participants into two birth cohorts (born before and after July 1986) and assumed that those born before July 1986 were not vaccinated at birth while those born after July 1986 were vaccinated. Results The prevalence of HBV among those born before and after July 1986 was 4.53 and 0.25%, respectively. Individuals born after July 1986 had a lower risk of HBV than those born before July 1986. The adjusted odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.16, 0.13–0.19. Men had a higher risk of HBV than women (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.34–1.47). The interaction between sex and birth date was significant (p-value = 0.0067). Stratification of participants by birth date revealed a higher risk of HBV in men compared to women in both birth cohorts. The OR, 95% CI was 1.47, 1.40–1.55 for those born before July 1986 but declined to 1.15, 1.02–1.29 for those born after July 1986. Conclusions The risk of HBV was lower among those born after than those born before the July 1986 vaccination program. In both cohorts, the risk was high in men relative to women. The seemingly protective effect among those born after July 1986 was higher in women than men.

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Comparative Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Blood Donors Born Before and After the I Mplementation of Universal HBV Vaccination in Southern China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-101501/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xianlin Ye ◽

Tong Li ◽

Yi Li ◽

Jinfeng Zeng ◽

Ran Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Escape Mutation ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Infected Blood ◽

Hbv Vaccination ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Genotype C

Abstract BackgroundNeonatal hepatitis B vaccination program at birth has been implemented nationwide since 1992 in China, which may impact HBV safety in blood donations actively. The true prevalence of HBV, HBsAg, and OBI between vaccinated blood donors and non-vaccinated blood donors should be explored. Study design and methodsThe samples of blood donors were collected and detected for serologic markers of HBV in the Shenzhen Blood Center between Feb 2016 and Jun 2016. The discrepant results were tested with commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ELCI), alternative MPX ID NAT, nested PCR, sequencing, and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. HBsAg and anti-HBs were quantified. The serological and molecular characteristics of HBV infected blood donors were analyzed, and the effects on blood safety for donors born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination were compared. ResultsTotal of 242 reactive by NAT and/or HBsAg ELISA samples from 26318 candidate donors, 192 (0.73%, [95%CI, 0.63-0.84]) HBV+, 131 (0.49%, [95%CI, 0.43-0.59]) HBsAg+, 58 (0.22%, [95%CI,0.17-0.28]) OBI were confirmed respectively. The HBV+ rate in vaccinated donors is lower than in non-vaccinated donors (P<0.05). The HBsAg titers of vaccinated infected blood donors are much higher than non vaccinated infected blood donors. The OBI yield rates in the vaccinated blood donors were 0.11% (7/6422), and significantly lower than 0.26% (51/19898) in the non vaccinated blood donors (P<0.05). 102/124 (82.3%) samples are genotype B, 22/124 (17.7%) are genotype C total. There is no significant difference in the distribution of genotype in the non vaccinated blood donors (B/C,86/17) and the vaccinated blood donors (B/C,23/6) (P>0.05). High frequency of vaccine escape mutation M133L (32.4%) and E164G in S region of genotype B strains and substitution L175S (40.9%) related to vaccine escape in S region of genotype C strains identified.ConclusionThe universal HBV vaccination program markedly reduces the risk of HBV infection in blood donors, and provides a significant guarantee for the safety of blood transfusion. Several important mutations detected related vaccine escape and notable mutations needed further investigated.

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Blood Transfusion Service and Hospital Blood Rotation: The Implications on Transfusion Safety in Nigeria

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.46912/jbrcp.107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

O D Damulak ◽

E D Jatau ◽

E Ekam ◽

E Rumji ◽

R Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

High Rate ◽

Blood Transfusion Service ◽

First Time

Blood donation is not readily an altruistic sacrifice in sub-Saharan Africa where microbial infections, maternal haemorrhages, malaria and other tropical diseases that frequently require blood transfusion are daily diagnoses. Blood transfusion safety is hindered by the combined prevailing high rate of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) and poor screening techniques. This study determined the rate of Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) positive reactions to transfusion-transmissible infections in rapid diagnostic test negative family replacement blood units, compared to the first time voluntarily donated blood. We studied records of blood units collected in a tertiary hospital from donors who scaled pre-donation Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) screening for the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses and syphilis and rescreened by ELISA techniques at the National Blood Transfusion Service Centre in Jos, along with units from first-time voluntary blood donors. A total of 19562 blood units; 5945 (30.39%) rapid diagnostic tests negative from a linkage hospital and 13617 (69.61%) from first time voluntary donors were screened by ELISA methods for HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis. The overall TTIs detected by ELISA was 16.08%, significantly lower among pre-donation rapid screened family replacement blood donors [495(8.32%)] compared to 2651 (19.47%) among first-time voluntary donors; P=0.0001. Fifty-seven (0.96%) HIV, 166 (2.79%) HBV, 137 (2.31%) HCV and 137 (2.31%) syphilis were still detected respectively by ELISA in the pre-screened negative family replacement blood units. The outcome of ELISA screenings of blood collected from first-time volunteer donors were; 143 (1.05%) HIV, 1,486 (10.91%) HBV, 683 (5.02%) HCV, and 339 (2.49%) syphilis. Blood for transfusion should be screened negative at least with ELISA.

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Analysing repeat blood donation behavior via big data

Industrial Management & Data Systems ◽

10.1108/imds-07-2020-0393 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Xu Chen ◽

Lei Liu ◽

Xinyu Guo

Keyword(s):

Junior High School ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Average Volume ◽

Content Type ◽

Blood Banks ◽

Supply Chain Management System ◽

Donation Behavior ◽

The Impact

PurposeAlthough blood banks have recently started to recruit blood donors through social media platforms, including WeChat, to increase recruitment effectiveness, few researchers have studied their effects on blood donation behavior. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of using official WeChat accounts on repeat blood donation behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used the backstage operation data of official WeChat accounts and blood supply chain management system data from the blood bank for the study to analyze the changes in repeat blood donation behavior. First, to analyze the changes in the average frequency of blood donation per year, average volume of single blood donation and blood eligible rate of repeat blood donors before and after following the official WeChat accounts by difference-in-differences model combined with propensity score matching (PSM-DID). Second, we examined the impact of official WeChat accounts on the proportion of repeat blood donors through survival analysis.FindingsThe results show that following WeChat accounts increases the average frequency of blood donation and blood eligible rate of repeat blood donors by 14.36% and 1.19%, respectively, and have no significant effect on the average volume of single blood donation. Further, WeChat accounts have a more significant impact on the average frequency of blood donations per year for workers, farmers, medical staff and groups with education levels of junior high school. In addition, official WeChat accounts can effectively increase the proportion of repeat donors.Originality/valueThe results provide a quantitative basis for the influence of official WeChat accounts on repeat blood donation behaviors. On the one hand, it is of great significance to guide the publicity and recruitment of unpaid blood banks. On the other hand, it provides an evidence for the promotion of official WeChat accounts.

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The role of the pharmacist in improving medication beliefs and adherence in cancer patients

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155219831377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1916-1926

Author(s):

Nevzat Birand ◽

Ahmet Sami Boşnak ◽

Ömer Diker ◽

Abdi Abdikarim ◽

Bilgen Başgut

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Medication Beliefs ◽

Beliefs About Medicines ◽

Care Services ◽

Adherence To Medication ◽

Northern Cyprus ◽

Before And After ◽

Negative Balance ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Background Multiple factors have been reported to affect adherence to medication, including beliefs about medicines, while specifically tailored pharmaceutical care services for patients may improve adherence. The aim was to assess the impact of counselling by an oncology pharmacist on patients' medication adherence and beliefs. Methods An interventional prospective study was performed in the oncology department at a tertiary hospital in Northern Cyprus from November 2017 to April 2018. The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire was used to evaluate the balance between beliefs about necessity and concerns and medication beliefs before and after an educational intervention. The Morisky Green Levine Test 2018 was used to evaluate adherence. Results In total, 81 patients (65.4% females; mean age: 59.1 ± 11.34 years; 34.6% hypertensive; 19.8% with diabetes) were analysed before and after receiving counselling from an oncology pharmacist. Pharmacist education significantly enhanced the mean patient necessity-concern balance scores by two-fold (MT0(baseline) = −3.1 ± 8.6; MT1(posteducation) =3.0 ± 7.3; p < 0.0001), with patients who received counselling for the first time experiencing the greatest benefit. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who had a negative balance between their beliefs about the necessity of the medication and their concerns were less likely to adhere to the medication (0.138 (0.025–0.772)). Conclusion Counselling by an oncology pharmacist was effective in decreasing patient concerns and increasing their understanding of the necessity of the medication, thus enhancing their adherence and consequently improving the care they received.

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Comparison of Gravity Collection Versus Suction Collection for Transfusion Purposes in Dogs

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/jaaha-ms-5917 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 301-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bérénice Conversy ◽

Marie-Claude Blais ◽

Lisa Carioto ◽

Julie Beaudoin

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Product ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Collection Methods ◽

Time Point

Blood donation is an essential step in transfusion medicine that must take into account the donor’s welfare, collection effectiveness, and blood product quality. This prospective study enrolled 13 canine blood donors, each subjected to both gravity and suction collection methods, in a randomized order. Clinical parameters, including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rectal temperature (RT), were evaluated at four time points, including when the donor was on the floor and on the collection table, and before and after blood donation. The number of times the donor and needle required repositioning, the duration of the donation, the noise created by the apparatus, and the presence of a hematoma were evaluated. The weight, index of hemolysis, and hematocrit of each unit of blood were recorded. There was no significant difference between collection methods for either the clinical parameters at each time point or the prevalence of hematoma formation, the frequency of needle repositioning, the hemolysis index, or hematocrit. Collection by suction was noisier (P < 0.0001), faster (P = 0.004), and associated with significantly less donor repositioning (P = 0.007). Suction appears to be a safe and cost-effective method that should be considered to optimize blood donation.

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Erratum to: The Impact of a Regular Blood Donation on the Hematology and EEG of Healthy Young Male Blood Donors

Brain Topography ◽

10.1007/s10548-011-0215-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 124-124

Author(s):

Mingxia Zhang ◽

Gencang Zhang ◽

Jie Yang ◽

Andrew C. N. Chen

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Young Male ◽

The Impact

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Role of Predonation Hydration in the Prevention of Postdonation Vasovagal Reactions in First Time Blood Donors: A Randomised Controlled Trial

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47675.15447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vijayalakshmi Kuttath ◽

Harikumaran Nair ◽

Muraleedharan Nair

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

P Value ◽

Vasovagal Reactions ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

First Time

Introduction: A crucial component of the effort to meet the growing demand for blood is the recruitment and retention of young novice blood donors. Reducing postdonation syncopal reactions could have a beneficial impact on donor convenience, safety, and desire to donate again. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of predonation hydration over standard blood donation in the prevention or decrease in severity of postdonation Vasovagal Reactions (VVR) in hydrated blood donors in comparison with the non hydrated group. Materials and Methods: The randomised controlled trial was conducted on 953 first time voluntary blood donors. Donors in the intervention arm drank 250 mL water 30 minutes before blood donation, while those in the control group did not receive any intervention. Blood was collected by standard protocol. Outcome, VVR, if present was graded as mild, moderate, and severe. Analysis of results were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. A sensitivity analysis was also done to consider the dropouts from the study. Results: A total of 900 participants were included in the study, of which 443 were controls and 457 were cases. An effect size of 6.1%, a Relative Risk (RR) of 0.54 {95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.36-0.81} and a risk reduction of 45% was arrived at, pointing to a protective role for predonation hydration in preventing VVR. There was a significant reduction in the severity of VVR in the predonation hydration group compared to the standard blood donation group (p-value=0.002). The protective effect of hydration on decreasing the occurrence and severity of VVR had statistical support in males in the moderate and severe grades (p-value=0.017). A similar statistical significance was not established in females (p-value=0.173). Sensitivity analysis did not reveal a difference in the statistical significance of variables between compared groups. Conclusion: Predonation hydration was found to be effective in preventing and decreasing the severity of VVR in novice blood donors.

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Effect of blood donation on iron stores as evaluated by serum ferritin

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v50.3.441.bloodjournal503441 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 441-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

CA Finch ◽

JD Cook ◽

RF Labbe ◽

M Culala

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Serum Ferritin Level ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Iron Stores ◽

High Incidence ◽

First Time

Serum ferritin was measured in 2982 blood donors. First-time male donors had a geometric mean of 127 microgram/liter and female donors 46 microgram/liter. While values were essentially constant in the women between the ages of 18 and 45, there was a rapid increase in the men between 18 and 30 years of age consistent with the establishment of iron stores during that time. Blood donation was associated with a decrease in serum ferritin. One unit per year, equivalent to an increased requirement of 0.65 mg/day, halved the serum ferritin level in the male. More frequent donations were associated with further decreases. From the data obtained it would appear that male donors, while depleting their iron stores, were able to donate 2–3 U/yr without an appreciable incidence of iron deficiency. Women could donate only about half that amount, and more frequent donations were associated with a high incidence of iron deficiency and donor dropout. These data have provided information on the effect of graded amounts of iron loss through bleeding on iron balance.

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Electoral competition in the elections of the representative local self-government bodies in Chelyabinsk: before and after the 2014 reform

Socium i vlast ◽

10.22394/1996-0522-2021-4-69-82 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 69-82

Author(s):

Oleg Vydrin ◽

Keyword(s):

Electoral Competition ◽

Electoral System ◽

Municipal Elections ◽

Agent Model ◽

Observation Units ◽

Before And After ◽

Principal Agent Model ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

The City

Introduction. The article examines the dynamics of electoral competition over four electoral cycles from 2005 to 2019 as exemplified by forming representative bodies of local self-government in the city of Chelyabinsk. Particular attention is paid to the impact that the transition of Chelyabinsk to a twotier model of forming local self-government bodies in 2014 had on the electoral competition. The purpose of the paper is to study the dynamics of electoral competition in municipal elections in Chelyabinsk before and after the 2014 reform. Methods. The empirical basis of the study is the database “Electoral competition in the elections of municipal deputies of Chelyabinsk (2005—2019)”, which includes 414 observation units. The analysis of the empirical material is carried out according to the method of G.V. Golosov’s triangle of relative sizes, proposed for classifying party systems and adapted for analyzing elections in single-mandate constituencies. Scientific novelty. The author suggests a methodology for analyzing electoral competition in singlemandate constituencies. For the first time, the phenomenon of “controlled competition” is analyzed on the basis of 4 municipal elections cycles. Results. The analysis makes it possible to speak about fluctuations in electoral competition, its decline in 2009 and 2014 compared to the 2005 elections and increasing by the 2019 elections Conclusions. The “controlled competition” was formed in Chelyabinsk in the period preceding the reform of 2014. The reform introduced a level of local self-government, the effectiveness and necessity of which is not obvious with the existing design of the electoral system. In the course of the reform, the principal-agent model of relations between local self-government bodies and state authorities was finally consolidated. The reform contributed to conserving the “controlled competition”.

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Social networks and the situation of blood donation in Poland: a logistics perspective / Sieci społeczne a sytuacja krwiodawstwa w Polsce w perspektywie logistycznej

Management ◽

10.2478/manment-2013-0011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 153-169

Author(s):

Jacek Szołtysek ◽

Sebastian Twaróg ◽

Martyna Wronka

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Donation ◽

Bullwhip Effect ◽

Secondary Role ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Size And Structure

Summary This article aims to present the impact of social networks on the formation on the flow of blood and its components in the civilian blood donation system in Poland. The civilian blood donation system in Poland consists of 21 independently-functioning supply chains of blood and its components (Szołtysek, Twaróg 2009, p. 15). Today, logistics plays a secondary role in the management of blood supply chains, and the integration of flow is performed randomly and intuitively. The rapidly growing recognition of social logistics (T. Takahasi 1988, pp. 245 - 251; Tenhunen 2008, pp. 515-534; Szołtysek 2010, pp. 2-6; Szołtysek 2011, pp.13-18) provides tools to improve the efficiency of the blood donation system in terms of both the existing blood supply chains, and the potential offered by network structures. An unexpected change in demand for blood and its components probably induces a bullwhip effect, and the organizations that form the chains have to deal with supplies unreasonable in terms of their size and structure. A major role in this process is played by social networks, as a source of general mobilization among potential blood donors. Finding a way to change the relationship between social networks and the system of blood donation may minimize the disruptions occurring in the flow of blood and its components in Poland.

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