scholarly journals Increased awareness and knowledge of Lyme Borreliosis and tick bite prevention among the general population in France: 2016 and 2019 health barometer survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Septfons ◽  
Julie Figoni ◽  
Arnaud Gautier ◽  
Noémie Soullier ◽  
Henriette de Valk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most frequent tick-borne disease in France. In the absence of a vaccine, LB prevention mainly relies on reducing tick bites. In 2016, the French Ministry of Health launched a national plan against tick-borne infections, including a prevention component. To evaluate the impact of this prevention strategy, we assessed knowledge and practices of tick bite prevention using the 2016 and 2019 national surveys on health attitudes and beliefs known as the French Health Barometer. Methods The Health Barometer is a repeated nationwide phone survey conducted annually on a random sample aged 18 to 75 years living in mainland France. In 2016 and 2019, participants were asked, among others, about their exposure to ticks, their behavior and practices regarding tick bites, and their knowledge about LB and its prevention. Results In 2019, 30% of the population reported a lifetime tick bite and 6% in the last year, an increase from 25% and 4%, respectively, in 2016 (p < 0.001). In 2019, 25% of the population felt exposed to tick bites compared to 23% in 2016 (p < 0.001). The proportion of participants who had heard about LB and who considered themselves well informed respectively increased from 66% and 29% in 2016 to 79% and 41% in 2019, (p < 0.001). In 2019 compared to 2016, a greater part of the French population applied protective measures against tick bites, particularly wearing protective clothing (74% vs 66%, p < 0.001) and regular tick checks and prompt tick removal after exposure (54% vs 47%, p < 0.001). Conclusions A substantial proportion of French residents are exposed to tick bites and apply protective measures. Our findings indicate a trend toward an increased knowledge and awareness of tick bites and LB between 2016 and 2019 in France. Our results can be used to target future information campaigns to specific age groups or at-risk areas in addition to the general population. However, we need to further study the barriers to the use of preventive measures.

scholarly journals The seroepidemiology of rubella in western Europe

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. PEBODY ◽  
W. J. EDMUNDS ◽  
M. CONYN-van SPAENDONCK ◽  
P. OLIN ◽  
G. BERBERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Vaccination

Most of the countries in western Europe have now implemented mass infant rubella immunization programmes, instead of or in addition to selective vaccination in order to achieve the elimination of congenital rubella syndrome.The European countries Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands undertook large, national serological surveys collecting several thousand serum specimens during 1994–8. Antibodies against rubella virus were detected by a variety of enzyme immuno-assays. Comparability of the assay results was achieved by a standardized methodology. The age- and sex-stratified serological results were related to the schedules, coverage of rubella vaccination and the incidence in these countries.The results show widely differing levels of immunity to rubella both in the general population and in the specific age groups of males and females. A low rate (< 5%) of susceptibles in childhood and adolescents of both sexes was obtained only in Finland and the Netherlands.Countries such as Italy with only moderate coverage for the infant immunization programme currently have both high susceptibility levels in the general population and in the at-risk population. The likelihood is of continued epidemics of rubella with cases of congenital rubella syndrome. The continued implementation of selective vaccination will help to offset the impact of this ongoing transmission and to protect women on reaching childbearing age.

Long-Term Itching in a Tourist Following Bite by a Nymph of Dermacentor auratus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Chitimia-Dobler ◽  
Sabine Schaper ◽  
Michael Bröker ◽  
Santiago Nava
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of tick bites during holidays in tropical countries is seldom reported. Here, we describe long-term skin alterations and itching experienced by a German tourist following the bite of a nymph of Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897 in Cambodia. Tick infestation may be neglected by travelers. Therefore, careful travel history is necessary when travelers report a tick bite after spending holiday in tropical and subtropical countries.

UNNATURAL DEATHS AMONG NUNS AND MONKS: IS THERE A BIOLOGICAL FORCE BEHIND MALE EXTERNAL CAUSE MORTALITY?

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC LUY
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
The West ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Female Population ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Impact

SummaryIt is still unclear if and how biological factors contribute to excess male mortality due to ‘external causes’ (accidents, injuries, homicides and suicides). Sex hormones and reproductive roles are supposed to drive sex differences in behaviours increasing the male external cause mortality risk. This study analyses the external cause mortality of Catholic nuns and monks from three Bavarian cloisters whose similar environments allow the impact of biological factors to be isolated from a number of confounding causes. Using obituaries, entries in the profession books of religious orders and cemetery registers 2533 deaths of nuns and monks could be linked to a specific cause of death for the years 1946–2005, of which 69 belong to the group of external cause deaths. External cause mortality of the Bavarian cloistered and the West German general population has been compared by means of standardized mortality rates (SMRs) for ages 45 onwards using the European age standard for the age groups 45–64, 65–74 and 75+. Whereas nuns show statistically significantly lower external cause mortality than the general female population, monks' external cause mortality parallels or even exceeds that of general population males. These findings contradict the reproductive role hypothesis and provide some evidence for the sex hormones hypothesis.

scholarly journals Scientific rationale for medical and preventive measures improvement in lyme disease endemic areas (based on the data of Udmurt Republic)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522
Author(s):  
N G Guznischeva ◽  
A A Gilmanov ◽  
I G Zakirov
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Scientific Rationale

Aim. To provide the scientific rationale for medical and preventive measures improvement in Lyme disease endemic areas. Methods. Epidemiologic and biostatistical analysis of preventive measures holding in Lyme disease endemic areas was performed. Results. A decrease in mean longstanding prevalence of Lyme borreliosis by 31.5% was observed in the Udmurt Republic since 1999 to 2010. The tick-invaded area has increased by 25%, there was an increase in a borrelia-harboring ticks rate by 34.6%. The number of patients seeking medical aid because of the tick bites has increased by 25.4%, which can be attributed to increased social awareness. 62.5% of patients diagnosed with Lyme borreliosis were over 41 years old, the rate of unemployed patients was 61.1%. High prevalence of Lyme borreliosis in peasants living in highly endemic areas (southern part of the Udmurt Republic) related to low medical aid appealability due to tick bites and therefore untimely medical preventive measures, was registered. The prevalence of erythema migrans-free disease has increased 4.3 times. Among the Lyme borreliosis forms associated with erythema migrans, the 1.6 times increase in multiple erythema prevalence was observed, with increase by 24 times in the areas of high disease prevalence. The most severe disease course was observed in patients over 61 years old with erythema migrans-free disease. A single oral dose of doxycycline should be used for disease prevention in all patients seeking medical aid because of the tick bite. Conclusion. The offered preventive algorithm for Lyme disease allowed to prevent the disease development in 99.7% of all cases, the economical efficacy of doxycycline prophylaxis counted on 1 borrelia-harboring tick bite was estimated as 20 400 rubles.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM MONITORING OF TICK-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS AND TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSIS IN THE KOMI REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gnativ ◽  
N. K. Tokarevich
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Impact

Our study was aimed at analyzing data combining objective is epidemiological, zoological and entomological research intended to determine the environmental and epidemiological patterns of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) foci, as well as the role of anthropogenic factors in epidemic manifestations to improve anti-epidemic activities.Long-term data on the abundance of ticks flagged from vegetation in various districts of the Komi Republic (RK) have been analyzed. The prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Borrelia burgdorferi (agent of LB) in ticks picked from vegetation, humans and domestic animals in various districts of the RK was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR-ELISA). In addition, the data on 1994 – 2017 tick-bite incidence in RK in, 1970 – 2017 TBE incidence, and 1997 – 2017 LB incidence were also examined and correlated with the impact of forest transformation on the TBE incidence.The rise of tick population in the southern districts of RK and its northward expansion were noted. It is also shown that the RK territory, where tick bites are registered, expanded significantly.Mean annual tick-bite incidence rate in 2006 – 2017 vs. 1994 – 2005 timeframe was increased by 4-fold.RK regions where deforestation took place, the tick-bite incidence was increased, and the local TBE incidence elevated distinctly.In recent years, there was a rise in TBEV prevalence in ticks, collected either from vegetation or from humans and animals.In 2006 – 2017 and 1970 – 1981, mean annual TBE incidence rate increased by a 11- and 36-fold as compared to that one registered in 1982 – 1993. In recent years, the most severe focal TBE forms began to be recorded. In 1996 – 2017, the TBE mortality rate was 2.3%.The main features of LB epidemiology mimic those found in TBEV. In particular, the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks flagged from vegetation increased from 9.5% to 34.7% in 2010 vs. 2017, respectively. A sharp rise in LB incidence rate and profound northward shift for bacterial range, where this infection started to be registered only in recent years, were noted. Both TBE and LB demonstrated marked occupation-related pattern.The need in conducting task-oriented prophylaxis of tick-borne infections is necessitated by taking into account geographic specifics. The RK northern regions should be considered as potentially endemic, where tick bites in human population has recently begun to be reported.

Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Parameters and Survival Data in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia of Younger Versus Older Age Groups.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5001-5001
Author(s):  
Abraham Klepfish ◽  
M. Sarid ◽  
M. Basalov ◽  
H. Ghoti ◽  
E.A. Rachmilewitz
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a chronic proliferative disorder of mature-looking B-lymphocytes, is the most common leukemia in the western world. CLL is a disease of elderly, with only 10–15% of patients affected at the age of less than 50 years. It is still controversial whether the clinical features and the impact on survival are different between younger and older patients, since the standard statistical methods produce contradicting results. In the present retrospective study of 87 CLL patients, we compared the data between patients above and below 65 years. The analysis of the impact of the disease on survival was carried out using a method described below. Methods Medical records and survival data were obtained from 87 patients with CLL treated in our Institute between 1983 and 2003. Statistical analysis of the clinical and laboratory parameters and survival data was performed using standard methods. The survival loss due to the disease as a percent of the expected survival of gender- and age-matched general population was determined, based on the survival analysis method developed and published recently [Klepfish A et al Am J Med.2005;118:567]. In brief, the age- and gender-matched expected survival in the general population was calculated (data obtained from the Central Government Bureau of Statistics). We used the 7th percentile survival (SPS) for further calculation in order to match the duration of the follow-up period between the patients and the general population. The survival loss was calculated by the formula: [(SPSControl - SPSPatients):SPSControl] x 100%. Results The mean age in the younger and older age groups was 56 and 74 years respectively. The male-to-female ratio was 2:1 in both age groups. The disease was found to be twice more common in patients from Ashkenazi compared with Sephardic descent. The younger group of patients had several features indicative of a more severe disease at presentation: advanced stage (Rai 2–4) – 46% vs. 16%, and diffuse involvement of bone marrow −60% vs. 18%. Younger patients were also more likely to require treatment (30% vs. 8% for fludarabine-containing regimens). Although according to the Kaplan-Meyer curve (see Fig.) a more favorable survival was shown for the younger group, the survival loss showed a reversed pattern. While the older patients lost 10% of the SPS, the survival loss in the younger patients was 44% (p=0.001). Conclusions CLL shows a strong male predominance and is more common in Ashkenazi than in Sephardic Jewish population in all ages. CLL has a more unfavorable presentation and a more severe clinical course in the younger patients (age<66) than in the older age group (age>65). The negative impact of the disease on the survival of CLL patients is higher in the younger patients, since their survival loss in comparison with the matched general population was 4.4 times higher, than that of the older patients. This mode of statistical evaluation confirms the impression that CLL is a more severe disease in younger patients. Fig: Kaplan - Meyer Survival Curve of CLL Patients Fig:. Kaplan - Meyer Survival Curve of CLL Patients

scholarly journals A Rapid Review on the Influence of COVID-19 Lockdown and Quarantine Measures on Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the General Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8567
Author(s):  
Alice Freiberg ◽  
Melanie Schubert ◽  
Karla Romero Starke ◽  
Janice Hegewald ◽  
Andreas Seidler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
The Impact

Preceding coronavirus outbreaks resulted in social isolation, which in turn is associated with cardiovascular consequences. Whether the current COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts cardiovascular health is unclear. The aim of the rapid review was to investigate, whether COVID-19 lockdown influences modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, smoking, alcohol use, unhealthy diet, obesity, bad blood lipids, and hypertension) in the general population. Medline and EMBASE were searched until March 2021. Title, abstracts, and full texts were screened by one reviewer and 20% by a second reviewer. Only studies using probability sampling were included in order to ensure the representativeness of the target population. Data extraction and critical appraisal were done by one reviewer and double-checked by another reviewer. We identified 32 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Findings show that physical activity decreased, and sedentary behaviour increased among all age groups during the COVID-19 lockdown. Among adults, alcohol consumption increased, dietary quality worsened, and the amount of food intake increased. Some adults reported weight gain. Studies on children and adolescents were sparse. This rapid review found a high number of epidemiological studies on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but only a few used probability sampling methods.

Trends in Dietary Intake of Vitamins A, C, and E in German Children and Adolescents – Results of the DONALD Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Impact

Intake of vitamins A, C, and E was evaluated and age and time trends were assessed on the basis of 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 5121) of 2- to 18-year old boys (n = 417) and girls (n = 425) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) 1986–2001. Intake of vitamin A remains stable over time, intake of vitamin C increases linearly, and intake of vitamin E follows a nonlinear trend. Age trends of vitamins A and C (per MJ) were nonlinear with a minimum at the beginning adolescence, while intake of vitamin E (per MJ) increased linearly. Girls had higher nutrient densities but lower intakes expressed as percent of reference values. Fortified food in total had a higher impact on time trends of nutrient intake than other single food groups defined here. Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake.

Unemployment as an indicator of economic security in the employment sector: A regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-729
Author(s):  
T.N. Savina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Band Theory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Subject. To achieve a high level of economic security is a key priority of national development. Employment reveals one of the most important aspects of social development of the individual that is associated with his or her needs satisfaction in the sphere of employment and is boon to economic security. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to show the impact of unemployment on economic security in employment. Methods. I apply such scientific methods as dialectical, historical and logical unity, structural and functional analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. The methods of multivariate statistical and comparative analysis serve as a methodological basis of the study. To determine the indicator of unemployment, I use the band theory. Results. I underpin the growing role of employment in ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the unemployment status and a comparative analysis of the indicator in the Republic of Mordovia, the Volga Federal District, and the Russian Federation as a whole. I identify trends in the average duration of unemployment, show the distribution of unemployed by level of education and age groups. Conclusions. The average annual unemployment rate in the Republic of Mordovia is lower than in Russia and the Volga Federal District. The findings may be useful for public authorities to substantiate their employment policy at both macro- and meso-levels, for designing programs and strategies for socio-economic development of regions and the social security doctrine, as well as in practical activities of employment services.

COVID - 19 AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mazaeva N.A. ◽  
Golovina A.G.
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Age Dependent

In order to determine possible trends in the dynamics and characterological structure of personality in the General population caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a long-term strong stressful effect and clinically and psychopathologically comparable to chronic personality changes after experiencing a disaster, the conditions predisposing to personal transformation, including clinical and prognostic patterns, are analyzed. The age-dependent nature of these changes is shown, and a number of features identified for different age groups are discussed.

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