Declining trends in smokeless tobacco use among Indian women: findings from global adult tobacco survey I and II

Abstract Background Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) use is culturally rooted and more acceptable among women in India. SLT is a significant risk for oral cancers and has other adverse health outcomes on women’s general as well as reproductive health. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence and correlates of SLT among adult females in India using Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2009–2010 (GATS 1) and 2016–2017 (GATS 2). Methods Data from a nationally representative cross-sectional study GATS 1 (n = 35,529) and GATS 2 (n = 40,265) were analysed for adult female smokeless tobacco users. Correlates of SLT exposure were assessed separately using binary logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done for the variables which computed p < 0.1. The association was expressed as Adjusted Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results There was a reduction in prevalence of SLT use among women in India between GATS 1 (18.4%) and GATS 2 (12.8%). SLT use was highest among the North-Eastern women in both rounds [AOR: 4.567 (3.942–5.292) during GATS-1 and 9.149 (7.722–10.839) during GATS-2]. Odisha had highest prevalence of 56.53% while Himachal Pradesh had lowest 0.14% during the recent GATS 2 survey. 33.3% vs. 34.80% of the participants were willing to quit tobacco in Central region across both rounds of survey. Conclusions Although, smokeless tobacco prevalence among females has reduced between 2009 and 2016 in India, yet tobacco control strategies need further pace. Hence, more focused gender-based tobacco control programs and policies are the need of time.

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Epidemiology of viral hepatitis B and C in Punjab, Pakistan: a multicenter cross-sectional study, 2017-18

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20174.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amjad Khan ◽

Saira Afzal ◽

Aashifa Yaqoob ◽

Razia Fatima ◽

Mahboob Ul Haq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Globally, approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which are responsible for 96% of all hepatitis-related mortality. Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of HCV in the world. Methods: We conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections in Punjab. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 24 Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Clinics of the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center clinics, Lahore. A total of 141,705 individuals who visited the clinics during 2017-18 were included for seroprevalence analysis of hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (Anti-HCV). In addition, 12,427 individuals from the main group underwent detailed face-to-face interviews based on a predesigned questionnaire for risk factor assessment. Results: The overall prevalence for HBV and HCV was 8.4% and 42.7%, respectively. Of those with HCV infection, 4.2% had a co-infection. The transgender population had a higher seroprevalence of HBV (11.8%) and HCV (58.8%). Higher HBV seroprevalence was found in a younger age group (16-30 years), while the older age group (>61 years) had a higher HCV seroprevalence. Geographically, Muzaffargarh district had the highest HBV seroprevalence at 26%, followed by Rajanpur district (20.3%). HCV seroprevalence was significantly (P value <0.05) higher in Shujabad district (66.4%), followed by Muzaffargarh (65.2%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, gender, intravenous injections, hijama therapy, dental procedure, circumcision by barbers, barber shaving, hospitalization and having had surgical procedures were all found to be significant risk factors (OR >1; p<0.05) for HBV and HCV. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for proper implementation of preventive and control strategies, as well as formal evaluation and monitoring mechanisms. Sustainable and adequate funding of public-sector hepatitis programs is also an extremely important area that should not be neglected.

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MO376CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING SNAKE BITE INJURIES

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab082.0030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Weerakit Naweera ◽

Thapat Wannarong

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Renal Recovery ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Arrival ◽

Russell’S Viper

Abstract Background and Aims Snakebite is a common animal bite injury in tropical countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complication in snakebite patients. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the clinical profiles and outcomes of patients following hematotoxin-related snakebite associated with kidney impairment. Method We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 238 patients with hematotoxin-related snakebite injuries. Data were retrieved from the King Narai Hospital Registry from October 2014 to August 2020. The prevalence of complications associated with snakebite injuries, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and its severity, was determined. Univariate and Multivariate predictors of AKI diagnosis were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis Results A total of 238 patients, with 63.4% men, median (IQR) age 49.8 (39-61) years and median duration from injury to a hospital arrival of 1 hour (0.5-2) hours, were injured by Green pit viper (85.7%), Russell’s viper (12.6%) and Malayan pit viper (1.7%). AKI mostly occurred in Russell’s viper group 66.7%. An AKI was reported in thirty (12.6%, 95% CI: 8.7 % - 17.5%) patients, with the severity of 66.7% stage one, 6.7% stage two, 26.6% stage three by KDIGO classifications, and 13.3% requiring hemodialysis. Complete renal recovery was seen in twenty-two patients (73.3%), while partial renal recovery was 23.3%. Other complications included 84.4 % limb cellulitis, 4.6% significantly bleeding, 2.5% hypotension, 25.6% prolonged venous clotting time (VCT), 46.7% prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and 14.3% prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Of total patients, 60.1% were treated with anti-venom. Mortality was relatively low (0.4%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, AKI was significantly associated with time to hospital arrival more than 3 hours (p = 0.04), Russell’s viper bitten (p = 0.01), clinical bleeding (p = 0.01), and prolonged PT (p < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of AKI in patients bitten by hematotoxin snakes was 12.6%, mostly from Russell’s viper. Factors associated with AKI outcomes were time to hospital arrival more than 3 hours, Russell’s viper bitten, clinical bleeding, and prolonged PT. Besides, one-fourth of AKI patients turned to chronic kidney disease.

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A predictive model for early diagnosis of keratoconus

10.21203/rs.2.21162/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

GRACIA CASTRO-LUNA ◽

ANTONIO PÉREZ-RUEDA

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Early Stage ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Model ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of keratoconus in the early stages of the disease is necessary to initiate an early treatment of keratoconus. Furthermore, to avoid possible refractive surgery that could produce ectasias. This study aims to describe the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry characteristics in patients with keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and normal corneas. Additionally to propose a diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus based in binary logistic regression models Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study. It included 205 eyes from 205 patients distributed in 82 normal corneas, 40 early-stage keratoconus and 83 established keratoconus. The rotary Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® type) analyzed the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry variables. It performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis of the recorded data. A diagnostic and predictive model of early-stage keratoconus was calculated with the statistically significant variables Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing normal corneas with early-stage keratoconus/ in variables of the vertical asymmetry to 90º and the central corneal thickness. The binary logistic regression model included the minimal corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90º and posterior coma to 90º. The model properly diagnosed 92% of cases with a sensitivity of 97.59%, specificity 98.78%, accuracy 98.18% and precision 98.78%Conclusions: The differential diagnosis between normal cases and subclinical keratoconus depends on the mínimum corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90º and the posterior coma to 90º.

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A model of visual limitation in patients with keratoconus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76489-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Pérez-Rueda ◽

Gracia Castro-Luna

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Spherical Aberration ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity

Abstract This paper aims to calculate a relevance model of visual limitation (V.L.) in keratoconus patients based on refractive and topographic parameters. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Torrecárdenas Hospital, Almería, Spain, between February 2018 and July 2019. It included 250 keratoconus patients. Two groups were created according to a grading system of V.L. based on RETICS (Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud) classification: keratoconus patients with no V.L. (best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) ≤ 0.05 logMAR) and keratoconus patients with V.L. (BSCVA > 0.05 logMAR). Correlations and a binary logistic regression were established. V.L. was correlated with maximum curvature (r = 0.649, p < 0.001) and root mean square higher-order aberrations (HOARMS) (r = 0.625, p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression included V.L. as the dependent variable and spherical equivalent, HOARMS, spherical aberration and interaction between the anterior and posterior vertical coma as independent variables. The model was a good fit. Area under the curve (A.U.C.) of receiver operating characteristic (R.O.C.) curve was 0.924, sensitivity 91.90%, specificity 83.60%, accuracy 88.94%; and precision 91.17%. Binary logistic regression model of V.L. is a good fit model to predict the early loss of visual acuity in keratoconus patients.

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A predictive model for early diagnosis of keratoconus

10.21203/rs.2.21162/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

GRACIA CASTRO-LUNA ◽

ANTONIO PÉREZ-RUEDA

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Model ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of keratoconus in the early stages of the disease is necessary to initiate an early treatment of keratoconus. Furthermore to avoid possible refractive surgery that could produce ectasias. This study aims to describe the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry characteristics in patients with keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and normal corneas. Additionally to propose a diagnostic model of subclinical keratoconus based in binary logistic regression models Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study. It included 205 eyes from 205 patients distributed in 82 normal corneas, 40 subclinical keratoconus and 83 established keratoconus The rotary Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam® type) analyzed the topographic, pachymetric and aberrometry variables. It performed a descriptive and bivariate analysis of the recorded data. A diagnostic and predictive model of subclinical keratoconus was calculated with the statistically significant variables Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when comparing normal corneas with subclinical keratoconus/ in variables of the vertical asymmetry to 90º and the central corneal thickness. The binary logistic regression model included the minimal corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90º and posterior coma to 90º. The model properly diagnosed 92% of cases Conclusions: The differential diagnosis between normal cases and subclinical keratoconus depends on the mínimum corneal thickness, the anterior coma to 90º and the posterior coma to 90º.

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Substance use among young adults in professional degree colleges of urban Bengaluru

Indian Journal of Community Health ◽

10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i03.019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 574-578

Author(s):

Nugehally Raju Ramesh Masthi ◽

Manasa Avverahally Ravi

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Substance Users ◽

Socioeconomic Changes ◽

Professional Degree

Background: Substance use is a significant problem in our societies and is increasing day by day due to factors like easy availability, rapid socioeconomic changes, etc. The professional degree students are at risk as they are exposed to high levels of stress and competition. Aim & Objective: To find out the burden of substance use among young adults in professional degree colleges, to assess the effect of substance use on health among study subjects, to compare the health status between substance users and non-users. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students studying in various professional degree colleges of Urban Bengaluru between July 2017 to December 2017. Methods and Material: A total of 1400 study subjects were included and administered a pre-tested, semi structured questionnaire and relevant information was obtained using Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST) V3.0 scale. Statistical analysis used: Data was entered using MS Excel 2016 and was analysed in Stata 12.1 (Stata Corp, Texas, USA). Z test for proportions, Univariate logistic regression and Multivariate logistic regression were used as appropriate. Results: The overall prevalence of substance use was 35%. Dizziness was the most common health symptoms observed in substance users. Male, students staying in hostels/ paying guest, foreign nationals, substance use in the family and presence of conflict were found to be significant risk factors for substance use. Conclusions: The burden of substance use was observed in about one third of the subjects. Substance use was significantly associated with health problems.

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Factors Associated with Minimum Acceptable Diet in 6–11-Month-Old Indonesian Children Using the 2017 IDHS

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (E) ◽

pp. 1403-1412

Author(s):

Eurika Zebadia ◽

Trias Mahmudiono ◽

Dominikus Raditya Atmaka ◽

Mira Dewi ◽

Siti Helmyati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Research Question ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

BACKGROUND: Inadequate complementary feeding practices are known to contribute to children’s nutritional status. A minimum acceptable diet (MAD) is one of the simple, valid, and reliable indicators to assess complementary feeding practices in 6–23-month-old children on food diversity and meal frequency. Based on the UNICEF data, the MAD of 6–11 months in Indonesia was 26.3% in 2017 and the lowest compared to other groups. Hence, this study research question is posing toward several factors associated with the low MAD among 6–11 months infant. AIM: This study aimed to determine factors associated with MAD in 6–11-month-old children in Indonesia. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis using the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. This is a cross-sectional study involving 17,848 children in Indonesia. Final sample to be analyzed were 1,441 children of 6–11-month-old. Logistic regression model was applied to identify the significant risk factors associated with MAD. RESULTS: The result showed that the prevalence of MAD in this study is 29%. From the multivariate logistic regression, wealth index, television ownership, and mother’s occupation were significantly associated with MAD of 6–11-month-old children in Indonesia. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, factors associated with MAD among 6–11-month-old children were wealth index, television ownership, and mother’s occupation.

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Antenatal care use and its determinants among migrant women during the first delivery: a nation-wide cross-sectional study in China

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-019-2520-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xue Tang ◽

Lulu Ding ◽

Yuejing Feng ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Chengchao Zhou

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Primiparous Women

Abstract Background Reasonable use of antenatal care (ANC) services by pregnant women played a crucial role in ensuring maternal and child safety and reducing the risk of complications, disability, and death in mothers and their infants. This study aimed to investigate the ANC use, and to explore the factors associated with ANC use among migrant women during the first delivery in China. Methods This study used the data of National Health and Family Planning Commission of People Republic of China in 2014. A total of 1505 migrant primiparous women were included in our current analysis. Frequencies and proportions were used to describe the data. Chi-square tests and multivariate binary logistic regression models were performed to explore the determinants that affect the number of times migrant women used ANC during their first delivery. Results Of the 1505 participants, 279 (18.54%) women received the ANC less than 5 times, and 1226 (81.46%) women used the ANC at least 5 times during the first delivery. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that migrant primiparous women with college and above education(P < 0.05;OR = 2.57;95%CI = 1.19–5.55), from the households with higher monthly income (P < 0.01;OR = 2.01;95%CI = 1.30–3.13), covered by maternity insurance(P < 0.01;OR = 2.01;95%CI = 1.28–3.18), with maternal health records (P < 0.001;OR = 2.44;95%CI = 1.61–3.69), migrating across county (P < 0.05;OR = 2.57;95%CI = 1.14–5.81), having migration experience before pregnancy(P < 0.05;OR = 1.37;95%CI = 1.03–1.81) were more likely to use ANC for at least five times. Conclusions This study demonstrated that there were still some migrant maternal women (18.54%) who attended the ANC less than 5 times. Targeted policies should be developed to improve the utilization of ANC among migrant pregnant women.

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Prevalence and factors associated with functional dependency in homebound elderly people in Brazil

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.7322/jhgd.127747 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Gracielle Pampolim ◽

Christiane Lourenço ◽

Vanezia Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Maria Carlota De Rezende Coelho ◽

Luciana Carrupt Machado Sogame

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Elderly People ◽

Low Income ◽

Functional Independence Measure ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Functional Dependency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Education

Introduction: Population ageing is a worldwide reality that requires attention, and a concern for healthy and functional ageing is increasingly the focus of government policies and programmes.Objective: To identify the prevalence of homebound elderly people, and the influence of sociodemographic and economic characteristics on their functional dependency.Methods: Cross-sectional study with 178 homebound elderly people assisted by a family healthcare unit in Vitória, ES, Brazil. Functional independence was measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the sociodemographic and economic variables were collected by a questionnaire developed by the authors. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the influence of the sociodemographic and economic characteristics on the risk of being functionally dependent.Results: Forty-eight percent of the participants were functional dependents, 80% were female, 72% belonged to the fourth age, 74% were white, 63% were widowed, 78% had retired, 90% had children, 83% had a caregiver, 52% had low education and 40% had low income. Logistic regression indicated that having a caregiver increased by 40 times the chance of being functionally dependent (OR = 40.2; 95%CI 4.8–355.4) and having between one to eight years of education decreased the chance of functional dependency (OR = 0.2; 95%CI 0.04-0.9).Conclusions: The prevalence of functional dependency was very high in this sample, and since the presence of a caregiver was the strongest and significant predictor of functional dependency, we suggest that guidance and support should be offered to caregivers, followed by a family healthcare strategy, to make consistent efforts with the objective of improving functional recovery and independence of homebound elderly.

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P.3.24 Prevalence of non-fatal injuries in informal waste recyclers in landfill sites in johannesburg, south africa

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem-2019-epi.282 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A103.1-A103

Author(s):

Nisha Naicker ◽

Tahira Kootbodien ◽

Vusi Ntlebi ◽

Kerry Wilson ◽

Felix Made ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Demographic History ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Landfill Sites

BackgroundWaste recyclers at landfill sites separate, collect and sell recyclable solid waste. They do not receive Occupational Health and Saftey (OHS) training, personal protective equipment (PPE) or health support. There is limited information of the extent of adverse health outcomes experienced by waste recyclers in South Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and possible risk factors for injuries experienced by waste recyclers.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among waste recyclers working in two landfill sites. Interviews were conducted with 361 waste recyclers using a structured questionnaire with information on socio-demographic history, exposures and injuries experienced. Logistic regression with OR was used to determine the significant risk factors for having experienced an injury in the last 6 months.ResultsThe average age was 33.7 years, range of 18–81 year. The majority were male (73.4%) and had completed secondary school education (77.8%). The average income earned was $119 per month and 51% lived in informal dwellings. Exposures included rodents (91%), lifting heavy object (87%), dogs (78%), chemicals (66%), needles (43 .%), falling waste (38%) and violence (20%). Although 90% of participants stated they wore some kind of PPE, this was not always suitable for the work conducted. 33% experienced an injury. The commonest injuries were bitten by rats (90%), falls on site (46.7%), muscular pain (29%), dog attacks (21%), violence from other waste pickers (20%) and needle stick injuries (20%). Logistic regression results showed that being male (crude OR 2.94, 95% CI- 1.399–6.195) and age <34 years (crude OR=2.69, 95% CI 4.145–4.988) were significant risk factors for injuries.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of injuries experienced by waste recyclers at landfill sites. OHS awareness and use of appropriate PPE should be provided to waste recyclers in order to prevent occupationally related injuries.

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